finance assignment help

Introduction

In the competitive economy, strategic management provides strength to face unfavourable circumstances by increasing the internal capabilities of a firm. In the tourism and hospitality industry, strategic management is focused on the customers, long term goals and shareholder during business operations so that it creates a positive impact on the environment (Bartlett, Johnson, and Schneider, 2016). Strategic management process in the tourism and hospitality sector includes planning, formulation of strategies and their effective implementation. The present report is based on a study of Eight Hotels Collection and its strategic management in tourism and hospitality industry. The major issue faced by the selected company is competition and this issue is creating obstacles in the success and growth of the brand.

Main body

In the current market condition, tourism and hotel industry organisations are facing several difficulties at the time of managing the business strategies. Eight Hotels Collection faces problems and the brand is now required to emphasise on improving its strategic management. In the tourism and hospitality sector, issues such as competition, the standard of business strategy, organisation structure, globalisation, leadership techniques, sustainability, continuous changing expectations of stakeholders, rapid technological changes, shortage in skilled labour, etc affects the success of business (Altinay, Paraskevas, and Jang, 2015). 

In the case of Eight Hotels Collection, the management is facing high level competition in the Australian market, and this is the one major strategic management issue at present. The selected firm also faces many other strategic management problems but competition is the issue which is directly affecting its business operation. The competition factor in the market creates several difficulties for the business in terms of carrying out smooth business running operations. Due to the highly competitive market, the selected entity faces customer’s negative support in the business activities. It has also been identified that in the hotel industry, customers always need high- level standard goods and best services. So, in such conditions many multinational firms are making their entry in the tourism and hospitality industry (Moutinho, and Vargas-Sanchez, 2018). This has resulted in creating unfavourable circumstance for the business operation in the long run. Due to high competition issue in strategic management, Eight Hotels Collection is facing following difficulties in the business environment-

• Impact on sale and profits- In the present scenario, increasing and intense competition in the industry is affecting the business transaction and the revenues of Eight Hotels Collection in a negative sense (Altin, Koseoglu, and Riasi, 2018). In the case of the selected firm, due to an ineffective strategy formulation, the management is facing situation of falling and low sales in the Australian market. Along with this, high competition in the hotel industry creates a problem for the management in context of increasing funds. For example, Eight Hotels Collection working environment wants to create positive, innovative technological changes in the business operation, but due to high standard competition in the market firm is earning less profit. This is a major disadvantage for the selected entity to survive in the market. The high rate of returns is essential in the tourism sector to provide attractive services to consumers (Bartlett, Johnson, and Schneider, 2016). The firm management should focus on business planning and implementation process to resolve the strategic management problems.

• Make an influence on the customers- The increasing competition in the hospitality industry creates problem for the Eight Hotels Collection in terms of enhancing its customer base. The competitors marketing strategies and attractive offers create influence on the consumers and this further affects overall business performance. For example, increasing competitors has created issues for the brand and these competitive firms influence customers by the latest technology and new innovative services. The result of this is that companies face issues in terms of attracting new customers and retaining the new ones in the long-run (Lee, 2016). The competitive Australian market in tourism sector decreases the chance of representing company capabilities in front of customers. Eight Hotels Collection should find out alternative options to handle high level competition in the market. An entity can integrate attractive discount and special offers to make a positive influence on customers.

• Low level in business operation- With the high competition in the market, the selected company management has also faced issues in terms of business operations. The competitive environment created problems in the development of business operations that are not appropriate in the current market condition. Due to high competition, Eight Hotels Collection is providing services in the limited areas that effect unfavourable for earning customer trust level. For example, the selected organisation is currently providing hospitality services in the Australian market only because of the high rate competition that become a barrier in development. For attractive business services, the firm needs improvement in the current business operations. By taking the support of a strong business, strategy firm can make increase business activities and attract maximum customers (Evans, 2015). The Competitive environment emphasises on management to change the business plan as per the market trends.

• Less market share- To cover maximum market share, the selected company have to overcome the strategic management problem competition. The intense competition in Australian market in the tourism and hospitality industry becomes a barrier for the firm to enter in a new economy. The higher standard competition decreases chances for the service in the market (Kotler, et al. 2017). Eight Hotels Collection management operations are trying to increase market share by using innovative services, but due to big brand competitors such as Park Hyatt and Hilton Hotels, the firm is unable to cover market share effectively. For example, in comparison to other hotel industry, the selected entity is providing facilities only in the Sydney with limited rooms around 165 that attracts more customers and becomes a barrier in covering large market share for Eight Hotels Collection. The selected firm should adopt collaboration activities and increase market share to compete with Australian tourism and hospitality industry.

• Decrease in the brand image- In strategic management, high competition issue creates several difficulties for the entity and low rate brand value is one of them that impact on the customers. The competitive working culture directly related to entity brand name, which is the major sources to attract customers (Altin, Koseoglu, and Riasi, 2018). The brand value of the firm decreases by the competitors marketing strategic and attractive business planning implementation. The selected firm is unsuccessful strategic management activities are unable to handle the changeling competitor environment. In the Australian market, big brand companies develop innovative services and advance resources in tourism and hotel industry, so most of the customer attract toward big brand image and selected entity faces problem of low level brand value in the market. 

• Less productivity and poor quality services – In the sector of tourism and hospitality industry, improper strategic management issues which is increasing competition that makes a direct impact on the business productivity and service’s quality (Rahimi, et al. 2017). Comparison with competitors, the selected firm goods and services less effective in the market that affects business profits. For example, Eight Hotels Collection is providing limited facilities to the small part of the market due to high rate competition that affects business activities. Due to high competition, company management has to decrease the number of goods and services to save the entity from huge losses (Koseoglu, 2016).

Hence overall, in the strategy management, large scale competition issue create a negative impact on the business working environment of the selected firm.

Conclusion

The current report is a summary of the strategic management issue of Eight Hotels Collection that faces high -level competition in the Australian market. The high rate competitive environment in tourism and hospitality sector creates several difficulties for the such as less improvement in the productive, low profits, decreasing in business operations, fewer customers support, negative brand image and influence on customers priority level. These negative impacts are harmful to the selected entity in long-run survival in the market. The firm management should find out an effective business plan to compete with the market several competitors.

Recommendations

• Improve marking strategy- The selected entity should focus on global marketing activities to attract a large number of consumers. In the marketing, process firm should make advertisements on the different website along with that send email to the customer about several offers. The Eight Hotels Collection should apply the promotion process on the social media platform by posting effective videos and pictures of several goods and services. In marketing activities, the company should give attention to increasing brand image in the market.  

• Making collaboration activities- The selected entity can also make collaboration and joint agreements with the multinational firms to increase market share in the tourism and hospitality industry. This will also support to management for attracting shareholder that indirectly decrease competition level from the Australian market. The collaboration process helps the firm to increase different resources and to improve business performance.

• Pricing strategy implementation – The selected company should give more attention to the products and services pricing strategy to attract large scale customer. For increasing customers, the firm should adopt a low price strategy. In that process, the company should set different categories of services at different prices in business operations. Along with this, the company should give allot several gif card coupons vouchers to attract customers interest area toward services.

• Product innovation process- The Eight Hotels Collection should majorly focus on the goods and services innovation process and development activities. At present, the company is operating with limited resources such as less number of accommodation facilities and untrained human resources for business activities. So, the company should effectively focus on increasing business working structure with the innovation process.

By adopting the above recommendations, the selected company can easily resolve strategic management issues and can ensure its long-term growth and development. 

Reference

• Altin, M., Koseoglu, M.A., Yu, X. and Riasi, A., 2018. Performance measurement and management research in the hospitality and tourism industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(2), pp.1172-1189.
• Altinay, L., Paraskevas, A. and Jang, S.S., 2015. Planning research in hospitality and tourism. Routledge.
• Bartlett, K.R., Johnson, K.R. and Schneider, I.E., 2016. Comparing strategic human resource development approaches for tourism and hospitality workforce planning. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 15(4), pp.440-461.
• Evans, N., 2015. Strategic management for tourism, hospitality and events. Routledge.
• Koseoglu, M.A., 2016. Growth and structure of authorship and co-authorship network in the strategic management realm: Evidence from the Strategic Management Journal. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 19(3), pp.153-170.
• Kotler, P., Bowen, J.T., Makens, J. and Baloglu, S., 2017. Marketing for hospitality and tourism.
• Lee, K. ed., 2016. Strategic winery tourism and management: building competitive winery tourism and winery management strategy. CRC Press. 
• Moutinho, L. and Vargas-Sanchez, A. eds., 2018. Strategic Management in Tourism, CABI Tourism Texts. Cabi.
• Pikkemaat, B. and Zehrer, A., 2016. Innovation and service experiences in small tourism family firms. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(4), pp.343-360.
• Rahimi, R., Köseoglu, M.A., Ersoy, A.B. and Okumus, F., 2017. Customer relationship management research in tourism and hospitality: a state-of-the-art. Tourism review, 72(2), pp.209-220.

Introduction 

The purpose of this report is to develop skills in analyzing the hospitality and tourism system and the importance of the destination. In this report it describes the chosen destination which is situated in Paris, it is a European city. This city is famous for its art, fashion, gastronomy and culture. The report describes the chosen landmark called Eiffel Tower. The city is known and famous for its coffee culture and designer boutiques along with rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoree. In this report, it describes the destination features, attractions quality, amenities, access and ancillary services.  In the travel booklet, it defines that a book towards travelling to a particular certain country or region.  In this booklet, it describes that Eiffel tower is the world-famous destination. Many people travel this city to see this destination. In Paris, there are various types of destination which are famous and most popular such as; Louvre museum, cathedral Notre-dame de Paris and arc de triumphed.   

Assessment 

Attractions (e.g.,. artificial, natural, events):

History and origin: Paris is a France capital and major European city and global center for fashion culture and gastronomy. It is the 19th-century cityscape by boulevards and river seine. It is the landmark of Eiffel tower. The design of the tower is attributed to Maurice cochin and mile bouguer. The famous architect Stephen Silvestre designing the tower structure; it is a marvelous and beautiful tower in Paris. 

Description of the Destination: Eiffel tower is the wrought iron and lattice tower on champ de mars which are situated in Paris, France.  It is also known as the city of Paris. This destination is famous for its unique architect and designing. The tower is 324 meters tall, and its height is 81 story building. It is recorded that it is the tallest structure in Paris. It has three levels of visitors so the tourists can enjoy the scenes at every level of the tower.  It is an artificial and unique structure, which is the center of attraction of the tourists. Eiffel tower is the tallest human-made structure and popular for its heights. It is investigated that it is tallest as compare to Chrysler building (Salim and Som., 2018).

Amenities (e.g., accommodation, food and beverage, retailing and other services)

The tower has three sections and levels so the visitors can enjoy the scenario and beautiful scenes of Paris. The famous engineer gustave Eiffel design the tower. It is founded in 1887, the tower 

Accommodation of the tower: It describes that when the tower is built, the first level contains three restaurants. The top-level were laboratories for various types of experiments. The small apartment of the tower reserved for the gustave Eiffel for entrains the guests. In the current period, it is open for public. In its interior apartment have kitchen two bedrooms, a lounge and scenes of the Paris landmarks. Tickets prices of the tower are 10. 20 €. Opening time is 09:00-00:45. It is a sample travel brochure sample of Paris which mentioned below:   

Figure 1 Anchorage Opera, 2019

Source: Anchorage Opera, 2019

For food and beverages: Tower upper level is made up by luxury restaurant whereas various types of unique and delicious dishes are presented to the guests and public.

Other services are: It offers various types of services such as; restaurants and stores. It is evaluated that every floor has different types of dining and gift shops facilities. So tourists can purchase various types of gifts and products. In this tower it provides the facility of salon which is also known as gustave Eiffel salon. Salon is situated for business events, it hire the new venue in a magical settings. It attract to the guests to meet the needs and requirements. The tickets system of the line queue and offline is lengthy and take too much time of the visitors so it provides the facility to them which is online ticket booking (Griffin, et. al., 2017).

Access (e.g., scenic drives, park and ride schemes, shuttle buses, innovative vehicles)

In Eiffel tower the car parking, vehicle parking facilities are available for the visitors. It is investigated that platinum, diamond and seven stars reward card members have advantages to receive free parking. It provides the facility to the visitors to go and see the tower in the night because the evening light shows are attraction and lighted up 20,000 bulbs. It is started at dusk. Elevators facilities support to the visitors to visit the jules verne restaurant, other elevators are for tower staff members. It is investigated that the close Paris metro station of the Eiffel tower is champ de mars on line RER.C. It also provide facility of other metro stations which is close to the tower such as; ecole militaire on line 8.  

Ancillary Services (e.g., DMO’s, visitor centres, local councils or government entities)

Tourism in the Paris is wider income source. The most and top reasons for come the visitors are sightseeing and shopping. In Paris it is investigated that it is the largest airbnb market in all over the world. Council of the Paris is deliberative body structure which is responsible for governing of Paris. Council of the Paris is a type of local sole house of the city. There are 163 Paris councillor’s seats.  Council of Paris is elected by voters of commune. In the present time the municipal government take the authority of the city (Peters, 2013).

Visitors centre are also there in the tower it refers that a portion is set up for the visitors to see the scenes and enjoy the scenes.  

Conclusion 

It is concluded that this travel booklet show all the features of the selected destination. It describes attractions factors, amenities, and park and ride facilities, ancillary services description. It shows that Eiffel tower is the one of the tallest building in all over the world.  

Reference 

• Salim, M.A.M. and Som, A.P.M., 2018. Shaping Tourist Destinations Through Language and Visual Elements on Tourism Websites: A Tourism Discourse Perspective. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.34), pp.364-369. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330899920_Shaping_Tourist_Destinations_Through_Language_and_Visual_Elements_on_Tourism_Websites_A_Tourism_Discourse_Perspective

Pdf link: file:///C:/Users/Zucol/Downloads/MalaysiaIJET2019.pdf

• Peters, J.D., 2013. Calendar, clock, tower. Deus in machina: Religion and technology in historical perspective, pp.25-42. http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/legacy/mit6/papers/peters.pdf 
• Griffin, T., Giberson, J., Lee, S.H.M., Guttentag, D., Kandaurova, M., Sergueeva, K. and Dimanche, F., 2017. Virtual reality and implications for destination marketing. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2103&context=ttra 
• Anchorage Opera, 2019. Destination: Paris raffle [online] Anchorage Opera, Available at: https://anchorageopera.org/community/destination-paris/ Accessed on: [5th August 2019]

Introduction

This assignment is developed on the topic of marketing travel and tourism which includes description of marketing concepts and principles in reference with TUI, which is world’s leading integrated tourism group. The assignment includes the discussion of the role played by marketing related with travel and tourism sector which further includes the description of the significant of planning in marketing sector, relevance of marketing research and information to managers and marketing influence on society. The assignment further includes the discussion of the role marketing sector related with tourism and travel sector in reference with TUI and description of the use of promotional mix in travel and tourism sector. All together the assignment aims to provide a description of the concepts and principles related with marketing sector in reference with TUI in the travel and tourism sector. 

Task1

Article for publication  

Core Concepts of Marketing for the Travel and Tourism Sector Date- 08\07\2019 Marketing refers to the concept of understanding the wants and desires of both the existing and new customers in order to provide satifaction to the customers and developing plans in order to maintain customer satisfaction through meeting the demands of customers as the increment in the sales of company depends on customer satisfaction. TUI requires to develop a clear knowledge about the preference of customers and management functions as management functions is known as a core concept of marketing (Aléssio, et al., 2015). The management functions of marketing includes the function of organizing and directing activities related with business which furhter involve analysis of the purchasing power of customers in to effective demand of customers towards TUI services for travel and tourism purpose in order to achieve profit and objectives of company.  Moreover TUI is also required to know about the aspects of marketing concepts such as given below:  Customer Orientation: The customer orientation aspect of marketing concept indicates to the steps that TUI need to include its marketing strategy for increasing the participation of customers through customer feedback and providing new offers to customer for customer satisfaction.  Integrated Marketing: The concept of integrated marketing refers to the need to develop the infrastructure of TUI in order to provide best services to customers and build strong relation with customers (Altinay, et. al., 2015).  Dual-Core Marketing: The dual-core marketing concept reflects to the indication of marketing job to identify the needs of customers and the process of providing new offers to meet the satisfaction of customers.    Source:  Marketing Environment         Impact of the Marketing Environment on Individual Travel and Tourism Businesses  Date- -08\07\2019 The marketing environment includes factors related with internal and external marketing that influence and impact the marketing operation of businesses of individual travel and tourism such as TUI and tourist destinations such as Mexico and Costa Rica. The marketing environment impact the business operation of TUI and tourist destinations in both positive and negative ways such as stated below:  Internal Factors of marketing environment is also known as microenvironment which includes the all those factors that are available within the organization and impact the business operation of TUI and the tourist destinations, Mexico and Costa Rica. The internal factors further include the following factors: Resources: Resources of internal factor includes TUI financial position, TUI range in travel and tourism sectors and access to technology which impacts the business operation of TUI and resources available at tourist destination, Mexico and Costa Rica also impacts the business operation as customers prefer the tourist destination on the basis of resources available at destination for tourist (Gretzel, et. al., 2015). Employees Skill: The other factor that impact the business operation of TUI is the skill of employees as customers rely on employees interaction and skills to meet the requirement of customers and the tourist destination, Mexico and Costa Rica also impacted from the factor of employees skill as the tourist usually seek the skill of employees at the destination place to interact with the customers.   External Factors refers to the marketing refers to teh factors related with available outside the organization and impact the business operation of TUI and tourist destination, Mexico and Costa Rica while the external factors includes the following factors: Economic Factors: The economic factors that impact the business operation of TUI as the economic factors includes economic system, stability and income distribution pattern of TUI and the tourist destination, Mexico and Costa Rica are impacted from economic factors of currency ratio of Mexico and Costa Rica (Xiang, et. al., 2015).  Technological Factors: The technological factors states the impact on the business operation of TUI from advanced and new technologies as the company is required to be updated in order to meet the requirement of customer and it impact the tourist destination of Mexico and Costa Rica from the availability of technology.  Source: The Tourist Route System- Model of Travelling Pattern                                          Factors Affecting Customer Motivation and Demand   Date- 08\07\2019 The main factors that has ability to impact the customer motivation and demand towards the sector of travel and tourism in marketing in reference with TUI are given below:  Personal Budget: The personal budget of customer affects the demand of customer towards travel and tourism sector as mostly people who seek to travel search for suitable travel deals and cost effective plan which saves money (Rajaobelina, 2018). Social Class: The social needs of customers refer to the preference of different culture tourist towards places, events and different types of tourism. Moreover the information and feedbacks from friends and families motivates other customers towards the demand in travel and tourism sector.  Psychology of Customer: The psychology of customer also affects the demand of customer towards the sector of travel and tourism as the psychology needs of customers usually alters and generally prefers flexibility, good services and safety needs to meet the customer satisfaction (Baum, 2015).                                        Principles of Market Segmentation  Date- 08\07\2019 Market segmentation refers to the practice that determines and divides target market of organization in order to meet all the target markets through satisfying the wants of customers in market. TUI undertakes the consideration of market segmentation in order to determine the services, sales and strategies of market in accordance with the target market and it plays a significant role in the sector related with travel and tourism in order to divide the tourist in various segments in reference with similar or different needs of the tourist. The principles related with market segmentation along with it uses in marketing plan at TUI are given below: Demographic Segmentation: The demographic segmentation divides the customers or market on the basis of age, income, gender, family size, occupation, nationality and more. It is also the most commonly used segmentation of market and as it is mostly used by organization to get the right population associated with the organization. TUI could use demographic segmentation in its marketing plan for dividing the population on variable basis in order to further determining the services of TUI for customers (Tussyadiah, et. al., 2016).   Behavioral Segmentation: This type of market segmentation generally depends on dividing the market on the basis of customer’s behavior and decision making pattern. TUI could use this market segmentation in market planning in order to develop a target market approach for travel and tourism through seeking the behavior of customers.  Psychographic Segmentation: This type of market segmentation divides the market on the basis of customer’s lifestyle, activities, interests and opinions. TUI could use psychographic segmentation in marketing plan in order to seek the psychological aspects of customers for offering travel and tourism packages.  Geographic Segmentation: This type market segmentation divides the market or customers on the basis of geographical boundaries as the potential of customer interests, needs and preference differ accordingly with the geographies of customers. TUI could use geographic segmentation in its marketing plan for determining the preferences and interest of its customers over different geographies for further determining its services for its customers (Papatheodorou, et. al., 2017).  Source: Understanding Target Market Segmentation

Task2. 

Executive Summary

Marketing as a tool of management in the sector of travel and toursim plays an important as management tool of marketing such as marketing plans, marketing research and information are required while analyzing market trend for the sector of travel and tourism purpose. The report also includes the influence of marketing on society.

Introduction

This report includes the description of the importance marketing strategies and marketing plan for determining the purpose of business related with the travel and tourism sector along with the implication and influence of marketing research and information on business operation of tourism and travel sector. The influence of marketing of traveling sector on the society along with its impact on the working of society.

Analyze the importance of strategic marketing plan for a selected travel and tourism business (TUI) and tourist destination (Mexico and Costa Rica). 

Strategic marketing plan refers to a process through which an organization creates and develops effective marketing strategies and plans to implement in the target market and it is also known as creative process for stable flow of business of organization. The significance of marketing plan for TUI and tourist destination, Mexico and Costa Rica are given below: 

• Evaluate Current Environment: Strategic marketing plan helps both the travel and tourism business of TUI and tourist destination, Mexico and Costa Rica to evaluate the current environment of both the organization and the tourist palace (Gretzel, et. al., 2015). TUI through strategic marketing plan would be able to identify and analyze the current prevailing environment and situations at the organization and market moreover for tourist destinations such as Mexico and Costa Rica the strategic marketing plan is important to seek the availability of resources and the current environment of the places. 
• To identify the Action to Achieve Goals: The strategic marketing plan helps TUI to identify the actions required to achieve its goal and gain benefits in its business as it helps TUI to establish a planned approach of actions to achieve the goals. Moreover the tourist destinations, Mexico and Costa Rica through strategic marketing plan would be able to identify the needs and desires of customers (Lane, et. al., 2015).

Discuss the relevance of marketing research and market information to managers in the travel and tourism sector in reference with TUI. 

Marketing research refers to the process through which  relevant marketing informations are collected in a systematic manner as the information which could integrate business organization in depth analysis to accomplish long term goals in marketing sectors. Marketing research is important in travel and tourism sector for understanding the placement of marketing elements to meet the satisfaction of customers. The manager of TUI need to sustain relevance marketing research and market information in order to reflect customer satisfaction, functions, requirements and in developing effective marketing  and business decisions. Moreover the marketing research and marketing information enables the manager of TUI to forecast the future sales of TUI, drive effective marketing strategies and could measure the demand of the tourism trends in the sector of travel and tourism. The marketing research and informations also help the manager of TUI to understand the market and customers preference and also to maintain effective relation with both the  existing and new customers (Abubakar & Ilkan, 2016). 

Assess the influence of marketing on society. 

Marketing leads both positive and negative impact on society as an organization usually operates on the basis of a society. The role of marketing function in the sector of travel and tourism for understanding the demand of the customers and the trend in the tourism market sector. The positive impact of tourism marketing on society is informing and educating customers about the practical information to assist the package of tourism, to effectively managing customer expectations, to drive the economy of consumer in the society and to understand and modeling customer behavior. The negative impact of marketing function on society such as wastage of money and also impact the ethics of society. Moreover the marketing of travel and tourism sector helps the society to provide information about different travel packages (Mariani, 2016). The marketing activities thus need to provide accountability to society for positive impact of marketing on the society. 

Conclusion

The report aims to provide the description of the importance of marketing for the business operation of sector related with travel and tourism with the discussion of marketing aspects such as marketing strategies, marketing research and market information. This report also aims to provide the discussion of the impact and influence of travel and tourism marketing on the society towards travelling purpose. 

Task3.

 Article for Publication

Role OF Marketing Mix in Travelling and Tourism Sector Date- 08\07\2019 Introduction The marketing mix is the practice adopted by different organizations for accomplishing competitive advantage. Travelling and tourism sector use the marketing mix to achieve a better and suitable outcome for the sector. Services and offers introduced by the firm are influenced by the marketing mix used by companies (Ciriković, 2014). Case study of the TUI group has been selected for better understanding. Issues in elements of service sector mix elements with reference to TUI.  The main components of mix elements are product, price and place which are used in the travel and tourism industry. Product as in case of TUI is services offered by the company such as aircraft, travel agencies, cruise lines etc. In terms of product, it has been observed that if the services or products given by TUI is the same as other companies then it will lead to failure of products offered. The price of TUI should also be such that it is different and reasonable than other travelling companies (Menon and Edward, 2013). If this is not achieved then the failure of price takes place. Importance of service sector mix elements to the travel sector The value of mix elements is very important in the travelling sector. 4Ps of the mix elements are used in the travel sector. Product, price, placement and promotion are elements which are used. Product in the travelling sector, are the services or factors that the company is trying to promote. It includes a bus tour, hotel facilities etc. Price of the travelling sector should be such that it should be reasonable and better than other tourism services. Use of promotion is also considered by many tourism industries. It is the practice of advertisement or marketing of services and products of the company. It includes places of travelling, offers offered during travelling, promotion of services etc. The place is the element of the marketing mix which determines the connectivity of services and products with the customers or passengers. Concept of total tourism product, to an individual tourism business as TUI.  Total tourism product is a method of fulfilling consumer needs. All the components required for satisfying consumer needs are brought in the core concept of the total tourism product. TUI is an organization that performs multiple tasks such as hotels, aircraft and cruise liners. They all are considered a single facility for customers and work is done on all of these different aspects but they are considered a single resource. It is done in order to achieve an overall experience of tourist, tourism product plays a significant role in it (Magatef, 2015). The development of the product should be done and for this feedback should be collected and implemented. These products should be services related to aircraft, hotels and cruise liners in case of TUI.   Conclusion Various issues are there in implementing mix elements in travelling and tourism sector. These issues arise in products, price and placement. Importance of mix elements is very high and contributes to better performance and output for travelling and tourism sector. Total tourism product is the concept used for gathering all components of travelling together increasing sufficiency and service of these components.

Task4. 

Executive Summary

The promotional mix is used by companies in order to achieve suitable outcomes for the organization. Travelling and tourism sector also adopt this method to achieve better performance in the industry. Many organizations related to the travelling sector are using this component for overcoming competition in the market. 

Introduction 

For overcoming competition and to achieve suitable outcomes for the organization promotional mix is the strategy used by the firm. Product, price, placement and promotion are the components used of the promotional mix. 

Integrated nature and role of the promotional mix

The promotional mix is the elements used by firms for the promotion and performance of their company and services (Ciriković, 2014). TUI as serving a number of services thus use of promotional mix is essential for them so that all the customers and passengers are aware of their different service and products. 

• Product – It refers to the product offered by the company. Main products or service offered by TUI are aircraft, cruise liners, hotels. These should be improved for achieving better results.
• Promotion – It is the practice of promoting services offered by the company. TUI is a successful and stable company, use and implication of promotional mix can make them more effective by making people aware about products of TUI.
• Public relations – In this practice, customers are influenced or contacted directly by the firm. This relation is maintained by means of news papers and radios.
• Price – TUI is organizing summer camps in 2020 to Mexico and Costa Rica. For attracting significant number of customers it is important that price of services should be reasonable.

Plan and justify integrated promotional campaign for TUI summer deals.

Being Assistant manager of TUI the main focus is on achieving outcomes for the company and satisfying needs of customers (Law, et. al., 2015). For achieving this best products or services should be offered. It includes offers on rooms, aircrafts etc. After products or services, the next aim should be giving these services in reasonable price. The promotion should be done of these services and offers. Various ways should be adopted for this for example advertisements in news papers, internet, radio etc. All these ways should be adopted for better promotion of services and products. The points or places should be identified where improvement is required (Magatef, 2015). These places could be travelling facilities, rooms for customers etc. all these places should be identified and suitable steps should be identified for achieving this.
Conclusion 

Report given above reflects use and result of promotional mix for TUI organization. Product, place, price and promotion are the mixes used by travelling companies for achieving results. Plan is prepared regarding the promotion of services and products offered by TUI for summer deals. 

POSTER

Conclusion

This assignment aims to provide a brief explanation about the significance of marketing concept in reference with the sector related with travel and tourism along with the organization TUI. The assignment aims to provide the discussion of marketing concepts and principles, the role of marketing as management tool along with the description of marketing strategies, research and information and the influence of marketing on society in reference with tourism group, TUI. The discussion of the role of marketing mix along with the discussion of issues related with the elements of marketing mix such as product, place and promotion are also included in the assignment. And lastly the discussion of the use of promotional mix in travel and tourism are also included in the assignment with reference of TUI. 

References

•  Abubakar & Ilkan, 2016. Impact of online WOM on destination trust and intention to travel: A medical tourism perspective.  Journal Destination Marketing of & Management. 5(3), pp.192–201.
• Aléssio Bessa Sarquis, et al., 2015. Marketing strategies: Study in travel agencies and tourism sector. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, 9(2), pp.298–320.
• Baum, T., 2015. Human resources in tourism: Still waiting for change?–A 2015 reprise. Tourism Management, 50, pp.204-212.
• Gretzel, U., Koo, C., Sigala, M. & Xiang, Z., 2015. Special issue on smart tourism: convergence of information technologies, experiences, and theories. Electronic Markets, 25(3), pp.175-177.
• Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z. & Koo, C., 2015. Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), pp.179-188.
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Introduction

Hospitality and tourism industry are leisure and at the same time these both focus on delivering the maximum customer satisfaction. They focus on providing the services according to the demands and requirements of the consumers. Hospitality is the most important sector in the service industry and services are in the intangible form of products which are being offered to the customers. Hospitality and tourism industry is also termed as pleasure industry.  In this report we will be discussing about the Tourism in Venice and what impact they have creating in the economy. There are various issues which are going in the Venice and making life difficult for those people who are living in Venice.

Identify and discuss the prime ethical and governing issues presented in the documentary

The documentary is all about the Venice the famous city which is famous for its unique ambience and the most important it carries history of more than 10,000 years. The Venice has a lot of Tourism but at the same giant ships which are entering into the city leads to the destruction of the monuments which are located in the city. On the top of it people are selling things at every corner in the city which makes worse conditions for people who are inhabitants of Venice. The residents are growing in Venice people does not have place to live and ensure their proper standard of living and at the same time they are protesting against these odds which is causing destructions in the Venice (Kotler and Baloglu, 2017). 

The Centre of Venice shows the city is declining it has catasrophobic houses, the shops are being shut. The citizens of Venice do not provide their property on rent to the Venice people and also the citizens are paying for those damages which incurred in the city which is caused by the ships. The people those who own houses in the Venice provide their property to tourists as they want to rent the apartments on weekly or monthly basis rather than providing it to the Venice people. The people those who acquire houses on rent or lease them have to pay a huge sum of amount to the landlord for a small place which does not even satisfy their requirements.

The tourists pay more money for the apartments rather than the regular tenants which are the main reason they do not rent out the place to local and people are fighting a huge fight for making a peaceful living. The transportation system is mainly in the form of boats and people do not use the public transportation like buses etc (Wilson and Harris, 2012).

The infrastructure of the city is declining and people are having crucial time to make a better living for themselves as their way increase in the business of accommodation services private rentals and there are more souvenir stores instead of various small shops which sell in different line of business. The expansion of business in regards with private rental has been increased as compare to other sources of accommodations and local people are facing critical issues. The public properties are turned into the hotels and locals have been moved to other places and even the older people are living in the old age homes (Arcodia and Dickson, 2013).   

The locals are having hard time in owning the apartments in Venice and the situation is leading to on an average every 2 people leaving the city. People are leaving city and looking for other options to make a better living and even adopting those options which does not have proper services in the apartments. The rates of properties are way high which general public cannit afford it. The most of the private rentals are owned by the single owner and according to the research monopoly holder is Air bnb (Seraphin and Pilato, 2018).

The other problem is guides which are telling tourist’s information but does not have any sort of permits to regulate their operations. There are numerous guides who are dealing with tourists on regular basis without license that is illegal and this problem has spread into a wider level. 

Identify and discuss who should be responsible for rectifying issues that you have identified?  Why? Explain your reasoning.

The government of Venice is accountable for solving the issues which are arising in the Venice and how the Tourism is making life difficult of their won city persons. Tourism is that industry which increases the cash inflow and outflow in the economy and that is even necessary as it tends to contribute in the development of economy.  In contrast with this there is no development rather than it contributes in making the people’s lives more crucial and they have to find ways for sustainability.

The tourism department should provide rules and regulations for the private rental and accommodation services in a way which provides few benefits to the local Venice people. In comparison with hotels private accommodation are cheap that’s the only reason tourist prefer these accommodation. The government should put rules regarding the putting property as private rental require certain license from the government which also contain few clause which will be in the benefit of other people (Massiani and Santoro, 2012). 

The City Council of Venice has taken the Initiative and started the campaign “Respect Venice” which concludes the banning public squares, feeding the pigeons if someone doesn’t follow the same has to pay fine. No one paid attention to the campaign and people started ignoring it for the same and even it leads to behavioural issues from tourists related to every matter and they started creating nuisance.

There is another group which is known as “Citizens Action Group” this group helps people to find those places which are unoccupied so that they can have a better living. They focus on those houses which are abandoned from a longer duration we can say maybe 10 years but the conditions of the house are not up to the mark in which a person can pursue the living which requires reconstruction (Minoia, 2017). These houses are termed as the subsidized public houses which are owned by the government as people pay taxes to the government and they take from these places. These houses are not provided to the local as tenants as they do not have basic facilities and the mainly population which is affected by these are single mothers, students, old people etc.

Discuss how the Italian government could have resolved identified issues. Justify your answer

The government of Venice has never taken the necessary steps in these years even after knowing the whole problem or issue which have been prevailing in the Venice and how much people of Venice are facing problems towards the same. There are various organisations and campaigns have taken place for the betterment of general public. If these campaigns have got the support from the government it leads to the change of situation and the people would be having proper space for living. 

The city councillor of Tourism of Venice told that Venice has been in debt from last 800years tourism in the only which helps in overcoming the same. They cannot provide subsidiaries to the general public to ensure there when they have the resources but they put more emphasis on removing that debt instead of the future of general public (Morrison, 2013).

Suggest at least three recommendations to overcome such issues in the future by providing examples from other countries that have successfully managed over tourism related issues.

The major recommendations are that government has to necessary steps towards the ship that enters into the Venice and have tendency to cause major destructions in the monuments of Venice by enforcing the law and order and also there should be some sort of fee and penalty include with destruction which is caused by them.

The another one is tourism department should ensures the private rental accommodation have proper license to provide their places to tourists as it creates affect in the economy (Gorrini and Bertini, 2018). 

The tourism departments also ensures the guides which are providing services have proper license and permit to proceed their services as there are many fake are evolving in the city and charging the tourist which means it causes huge loss in the terms of money and business (Chilembwe and Mweiwa, 2014).

For Example: Paris is always been a tourist attraction every time it has ample amount of tourists those who are visiting the city but it never affects the population of Paris. Through the tourists they tend to earn more money which helps in development and growth of the Paris.

Conclusion

In this report we have summarized about the problems which are creating huge impact in the lives of Venice people and at the same they are surrounded with numerous problems. The beautiful Venice has numerous tourists but at the same these tourist has become the pain for local Venice people. The people those have property does not give those space on rent to tenants which is making their living impossible in the Venice. This report also concludes about the involvement of government in the situation which Venice is facing on a regular basis.

References

1. Arcodia, C. and Dickson, C., 2013. Tourism field studies: Experiencing the carnival of Venice. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 25(3), pp.146-155.
2. Chilembwe, J.M. and Mweiwa, V.I.C.T.O.R., 2014. Tour guides: Are they tourism promoters and developers? Case study of Malawi. International Journal of Research in Business Management, 2(9), pp.29-46.
3. Gorrini, A. and Bertini, V., 2018. Walkability assessment and tourism cities: the case of Venice. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 4(3), pp.355-368.
4. Kotler, P., Bowen, J.T., Makens, J. and Baloglu, S., 2017. Marketing for hospitality and tourism.
5. Massiani, J. and Santoro, G., 2012. The relevance of the concept of capacity for the management of a tourist destination: Theory and application to tourism management in Venice. Rivista Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica, 66(2), pp.141-156.
6. Minoia, P., 2017. Venice reshaped? Tourist gentrification and sense of place. In Tourism in the City (pp. 261-274). Springer, Cham.
7. Morrison, A.M., 2013. Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge.
8. Seraphin, H., Sheeran, P. and Pilato, M., 2018. Over-tourism and the fall of Venice as a destination. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, pp.374-376.
9. Wilson, E., Small, J. and Harris, C., 2012. Editorial introduction: Beyond the margins? The relevance of critical tourism and hospitality studies. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 19.

Introduction

Hospitality is a commonly used title for diverse segments of the hotel and food preparation businesses and can be explored to cover all the goods and a service offered to the consumer away from residence comprising the accommodation, gaming, eating, amusements, and environment and also includes travel.  The hospitality industry is categorized into two types the Tourism and Hospitality. The hospitality industry is a huge industry. It is the rapidly growing area in the economic.  It is very essential to work together in order to guarantee success and satisfy their customers.  It has been observed that the travel and tourism business when works together with good quality and repudiated hospitality industry makes an excellent combination for business and creates a more successful business than other industries. Hospitality and tourism are dissimilar but ingrates each other. Hospitality Industry gained more significance in managing the public who travel for business or entertainment purpose from one place to another. These industries generally focus on the client’s satisfaction and also include numerous activities like boarding, transportation, etc.  The present learning deals with the relationship between hospitality and tourism business. In the next part impacts of integration with the hospitality industry are being discussed. And the last part will build up a plan of hospitality business based project.

Task 1

1.1 Explain the role of the Hospitality industry within the travel and tourism sector. Discuss the interrelationships between hospitality and wider travel and tourism business. 

Role of Hospitality industry in tourism sector & Interrelationships between hospitality and tourism business.

Date: – 16 April 2016

Tourism is referred to as a tour by an individual for entertainment, leisure or commercial purposes for a specific time period.  Nowadays the travel and tourism sector is gaining a lot of significance in providing satisfaction to the clients. The tourists after exploring the market they select destinations according to their interest in spending their leisure time.  Due to the rise in globalization, the hospitality business has emerged itself to one of the majorly developing industry when evaluated from other industries. 33% of total GDP to the economy is contributed by the Travel and Tourism Industry. Approximately 4.5% development has drawn from the 1990s to late 2000. Nowadays various organizations are providing travel and tourism services and also providing hospitality services to travellers. The trip advisory is one of these; it is a website it works as inviting peoples to share their experiences about the places they visited. So this sets the standards and gives information about places across the world which is based on personal knowledge and idea of the travellers.   The hospitality industry includes accommodation services, hotel businesses, cafes, restaurants, catering, etc.  the main requirement of the visitor on reaching destination is to search for accommodation. That can be provided by hotels, guesthouses. The hotel staffs are responsible for providing quality service and taking care of a tourist. Accommodation type will be according to the package chosen by tourists. The quality of service varies across the globe (Conrady & Buck,2007).  Restaurants: Restaurants are the places for tourists to eat and drink according to their choice. Every restaurant has different menus, ambiance, services, etc.  The choice of restaurants is made according to the recommendation by other tourists or by the employees of the place of accommodation. Chain restaurants supply a sense of financial security to tourists. (Picture: Image depicting Hospitality Industry Employees) (Source: All Business Ideas, 2019) Catering Providers: Catering is the basic and fundamental need in the tourism and hospitality industry. it can be found from hotels to boats, airlines, trains, etc.  Theatres, & Shopping Complexes going to movies is incomplete without having a snack. The big shopping complexes have their own theatres in the house. Just next right to cinema entrances cafes establishments is found from café to fine dining. There are many services such as disco, dinner, parties, etc. are provided at a genuine price which helps in attracting clients and also they please their customers to come again. PKF Hotel experts analysed that this industry also offering affordable travel packages according to the customers’ budget. The hotel industry and the travel industry both are interlinked with each other. Let us take an example, suppose a group wants to have a visit at some geographical areas for this they will contact some specific tour and travel company of countries organization which gives them the best package with all facilities like accommodation quality services (Longhi, 2017) According to the survey by PKF Hotel experts, hotel provides accommodation and food.  So the tour cannot be completed without a hotel and hence we can conclude the connection between the hotel and travel industry.  in the TUI Travel PIc is the leading association. It was established in September 2007 by the tourism division of TUI AG. It is Headquartered in Crawley, West Sussex, UK. TUI association is leading with 6 airlines 3000 Restaurants, 1,800 online portals and travel agencies and majorly destination across the world. This company is a public limited company having 76,000 personnel working across 180 countries. Around 30 Million customers already taken its services, TUI served with quality services at a modest budget. In 2008, Airline companies merged with TUI and the new business is taken out to enhance Airline services. This joint venture is also carried out with the hospitality company. TUI offers a number of offers and services like travel packages, food, accommodation, transport that helps in attracting customers which further helped in increasing the growth of an organization. Intercontinental hotel group (IHG) is the major accommodation service provider group in the UK. IHG relates to the hospitality industry in providing a number of services to customers like food and beverages, night clubs, accommodation, etc. Quality food and catering facility tenders are taken by IHG providers to the customers. IHG runs its business more than 80 countries with around 4,600 hotels in which 700 hotels are managed through IHG itself and rest are owned by franchisees. IHG fulfils demands at affordable prices. The mentioned associations are interrelated in services IHG provides a good quality environment to customers so they feel like their home and desire to visit again. This organization provides budgetary services to the customers to suit their fiscal and motivate them to come again. PKF Hotel experts categorize the service according to their client’s budget like 3 stars, 5 stars, 7 star Inns according to the suitability of customers. The major flaw in the business is acquiring the satisfaction of clients by providing them quality services. Association is interested in attaining the objectives by satisfying the requirements of the customers (Mowforth & Munt, 2015). Both the above-stated businesses are related to each other in terms of their services. They both consist of a similar consumer base which is dependent on the facilities of both the groups. The TUI group designs the plan by considering IHG services whereas, IHG is dependent on the customers of the TUI group. Both the groups have Robust connection in the terms of services. The business will not be capable of fulfilling the demands of the consumers in the nonexistence of another business. IHG and TUI organizations have to design a contract to which they have to mix up their resources in order to provide quality services to their customers. The merger helps these groups to increase profits and generate a strong customer foundation. TUI offers to pre-book in transportation facilities as well as in hotels to their clients. On the contrary, IHG offers food, accommodation, beverages, and quality services to their clients, when both the business comes together and merges their services the clients will fell extreme enthusiastic to come back because of the quality services provided by them.  From this study, it can be determined that both the groups are interdependent on their facility and they should merge their services to fulfil the demands of their customers. This is the relationship between both the Hospitality and Tourism industry because no one can run the business efficiently without each other.

Task 2 

Introduction: – Integration refers to the method of joining dissimilar parts to make a complete thing. When these parts are joined from one another they become more effective and efficient. The integration process is adopted by companies to explore its operations, market shares and become more efficient. Integration assists an association to work collectively by sharing their resources and clients.

2.1 Analyse the implications of integration to the hospitality industry.

The hospitality industry supervises the integration of resources with vertical and horizontal and integration its impact has been seen in the hospitality industry like organizations are quicker to improve their business and give pleasure to their customers. They are making their universal objectives. Most recent tools and technologies are utilized for appropriate coordination (Mohammed, et. al., 2015).

TUI group is also united with multiple airline organizations, hotels. It personalizes the architecture of TUI to unite current resources. It would affect business exploration and efficient consumption of current resources. TUI group is integrated with other groups in two ways: 

Vertical Integration: When an association purchases its supplier in the distribution chain, it is referred to as Vertical Integration. These results in dropping the operating cost and thus make the most of the profit. For example: Suppose a steel manufacturing company in the US, having full power over the delivery chain thus, the steel company puts a financial system of scale at the crown of its program and alert training people within employing rather than outsiders. In this procedure, the TUI group comes into with an agreement with another group that appears in the distribution chain. From this, they together get competitive advantages. Integration facilitates TUI to discriminate its services from challengers. Accurate integration could result in developing market shares and productivity. Vertical Integration also decreases the value of activities that are required to be performed by TUI (Longhi, 2017). It also improves the quality of services afterward Vertical Integration.

TUI management is important to manage and examine activities and scheduling of services.  As reported by the market research, Vertical Integration is responsible for entering the TUI in a new market segment. Proper control of functions is the only decision to create successful integration.

Horizontal Integration: when an association, from two various industries, unites together to form a new organization is referred to as horizontal integration. This outcome in exploring the customer foundation, profiting the economies of range and make the most of the profits. The main objective is to boosts productivity and achieves competitive advantage. TUI is concentrating on the worldwide expansion of their field. For this logic, Horizontal Integration is finest to improve capacity and resources. There are various outcomes found through horizontal integration like effectiveness in work at different places is improved. But in the case of TUI, this integration is establishing brand name and picture across various countries. Due to globalization, Horizontal Integration would produce more profits as International Tourism fetch more earnings. Further, it is also observed that integration also combat the interest of the organization. As every organization has their individual vision and mission thus the conflicts may occur during decision making (Ivanov, et. al., 2015). Integration procedure has some advantages such as:

At the initial stage of examination, Integration solves and recognizes all the problems. Because of the ownership of the hotel sequence the transportation charge and other traveling expenditures can be reduced to a huge limit. A proper IT system makes it accessible all the crucial information to the department at only one click. Integration saves the managing cost of an explorer and each and every service required by him is accessible at one place. Vertical Integration helps in managing a variety of tasks as one of the branches of an organization is trading with another branch of an organization, thus all the expenditure regarding managing and transferring charges can be saved.

Some of the implications in the hospitality industry include:

To raise and succeed in any industry appropriately, it is significant to that the entire services supplied by the industry should be alike in all the parameters and also all the regions where this industry opens its branches. For exemplary premier Inn are established their hotels in different nations and also provides the same services in all the branches so this does not lead to raise its bad status and also satisfy their customers (Haven‐Tang & Jones,2012). 

Due to the uniting of great organizations, this leads to removal of small organizations like Accor Hotels from the market removing all the staff of smaller organization jobless leaving bad outcome on the economy. Differences may arise among the united organizations because they both encompass different vision and mission and diverse scheduling to chase their mission and complete their vision.

The integration offers a competitive advantage. Uniting the core competencies of two superior companies like Intercontinental Hotel Groups & Marriot International,   will help in attracting and satisfying more clients. A monopoly can be developed by supplying the finest which is not simply obtainable, by doing this the firm will acquire more prevailing character in the market. This also leads to reducing the number of choices for clients. Economies of scale can be attained by integration is the most specific required impact of integration (Waligo, et. al., 2013).

The chief advantage of Integration is when two participants unite with each other and comprise lots of profit and benefits to all as consumers will be more contented. By integration, in the market, the monopoly situation will be developed which means a decrease in the number of players in the market. Integration benefits or economy in such a mode, that the operating cost manages the branch individually will be decreased and maximizes the revenues. Integration helps in reducing costs and expenditure and helps in increasing revenues and incomes. The customer foundation can be improved by exploring the business and supplying the facilities in other countries also. Rewards and incentives owed to personnel can enhance extra expenditure. Strategies will be made according to their needs. The integration process can be more proper by set up the planning and authority as well as responsibility connection within an association. The property must be adequately utilized to increase the presentation of organization. This process requires innovative ideas (Hingley, et. al., 2017).

The integration process answers all the problems associated with business administration at the initial phase of spending the funds. Appropriate training and growth of human resources could be handled properly. This method has different benefits includes maintaining dynamic structure and reducing costs in an organization that is ready to change also be called as flexibility. Information technology can also help an organization to offer with productive knowledge required by the supervisors. The company’s website displays all the required important information so the retailers, distributors, clients may know the beneficial situation. 

2.2 Discuss how integration has affected a hospitality business 

Integration also aids in achieving the existing arrangement of the association. Integration supplies nearly all of the needs of the business in the associations. There are a variety of impacts of integration contains:

Scale economy– As a result of integration operating costs of Heineken and Whitbread  is decreased to a certain level. It can also be further said that a travel organization acquires any hotel, the basic investment would be huge.

Quality– Integration mechanism does not promise worth growth it is completely reliant on the feature involved. Sometimes the human resources do not examine the way trailed by new executives as they feel that the new procedure is not adequate (Boz, 2016). Management maintains contact with clients in order to know their accurate demands. It has been examined in Marston’s Plc. that human resources are not capable of adopting new approaches that creates disappointment in-between the staff and further operational difficulties. When the workforce does not understand the working style of other organization then outcomes is improper and uneven communication (Madera, et. al., 2017). These all such things poorer down the quality standard offered by the organization after Integration. 

Standardization– it is a very huge and very complex technique as the fundamentals would be simple but the participation of human resources made it complicated. An organization requires being more proficient, hardworking, disciplined to preserve a balanced level in the purpose of standardization (Ateljevic, et. al., 2017). 

Cost integration- Vertical and Horizontal Integration agree Greene King to spend a huge volume of capital for their business. It explores the investment of technology to offer quality service. An organization jointly setting the value of packages chiefly includes holiday packages. It is cleared that the hospitality business is influenced by cost integration.

Lack of knowledge- TUI group is integrated horizontally and vertically after integration. TUI penetrated into a new market so many transformations have been taken place as the expansion of new market approaches. The workers of TUI were facing trouble in managing new customers. Management of TUI offers training to have suitable communication with clients to influence them to purchase packages. But the deficient in knowledge makes it unproductive integration and leads to the failure in the merging method (Marasco, et. al., 2018).

Technology- Hospitality industries are too affected by technology integration. Technology integration supports an organization as the communities are gaining information straightforwardly from the websites and having contact independently. The technical transformation is launched for proper functioning for the organization of two associations but lack of knowledge and understanding is influencing the business of hospitality industry as it makes postponement in decision making, less knowledge as well as errors in sharing of information regarding the main purpose of technology is influencing the functioning of hotel industries.  

Conclusion : – Integration in any trade can be affected by various problems. Integration helps out in knowing the present situation of the market due to regular and energetic atmosphere the integration must be bound for a methodical order so as to establish our society and most significant condition essentially required by the supervisor to run the business

Task 3 

Presentation

Slide 1

Slide 2

Cris Crispy Burgers & Veggie Shakes is an American based burger company planning to establish a restaurant because the organization evaluated the scope of development with this industry. 

3.1 Develop a Rationale for a selected project clearly justifying decisions linked to the target market.

Slide 3

Cris Crispy Burgers & Veggie Shakes is planning to establish a restaurant. The restaurant will be centrally located so the visitors will not face any difficulty to find the place. The restaurant is centrally located and will be easily accessible from all the areas of the city. This restaurant is a multicuisine that includes all types of food (Asian. Continental and Chinese food). This organization offers discounts, uses sponsorship programs for marketing purposes. 

Slide 4

The main concept behind this business is to offer excellent services to customers. Client satisfaction is the main objective of this business. This restaurant also aims to maintain good food quality and explore the business.  

Slide 5

According to Olsen(1998), Market Research is the first step before establishing any new business. Market research helps in determining the expectations of customers and also finds out if the targeted customer is satisfied or not.

Target Market includes individuals from all age groups but especially those who look for affordable prices and value for money.

Slide 6

The restaurant is localized centralized so that people can easily approach the restaurant. The investment in the whole business is partly funded by the bank. 40% of the total investment is taken from the bank as a loan.

The restaurant will provide the best quality services to its customers and the delivery of items also there. The management team of the restaurant will take care of many things like maintaining the variety in food items, maintaining the quality, controls and coordinates the activities within the restaurant and most importantly recruit the workforce and allocate them according to their skills. 

3.2 Develop a plan for the hospitality business including operational requirements of the business, organizational structure in relation to human resource allocation.

Slide 7

The design of the restaurant refers to the outlook. So impressive designs will help to attract customers. Some of the factors influence the development of this business. Those factors include interiors and exteriors, the ambiance of a restaurant, culture, sustainability and functional areas within the restaurant.

Slide 8

The ambiance of the restaurant will be designed in such a way that it will give a luxurious feel, very simply decorated inside and the management does not need any extra efforts in managing the standard.

Culture refers to identification. This restaurant will have a nice American culture, so people from outside companies can enjoy this culture in this restaurant. And all the staff including managers behaves professionally as they will be trained accordingly. 

Slide 9

Interior design will help the customer to attract more. Both interior and exterior design helps in making customers and attracts them.  The restaurant will be exclusively designed and very well furnished. To make it look more fantastic historical art frames to be placed on colourful walls.  

Slide 10

Cris Crispy Burgers & Veggie Shakes will create functionality areas to interact with customers in the easiest way. Services like online pay and book will improve the functionality of restaurant. Services regarding time and communication will be taken as major to supply satisfaction to consumers.

Sustainability is examined as the most elastic factor in the food business. A Cris Crispy Burgers & Veggie shake introduces exciting offers for the customers to sustain a good position in the market.  

Slide 11

Customer flow can be determined by targeting the local as well as foreign customers in order to improve the profit margin. And the customer flow can also be improved by attracting customers with attractive deals.

Brand name Cris Crispy burgers And Veggie shakes are significant to attract tourists and other local customers. Communication tools help in placing the brand name in local markets.  

Slide 12

The organizational chart of Cris Crispy Burgers and Veggie Shakes is in such a way that the owner is supervising the general manager. The floor manager, kitchen manager anf the bar manager is supervised by general manager. Further floor manager manages the servers and hosts, Bar Manager manages the Bartender and Bar backs, and the Kitchen Manager manages the assistant manager and Chefs.

Slide 13

The operation phase of the business is committed to applying the design and development part. The operation of Cris Crispy Burgers & Veggie Shakes will affect the outcomes in a restaurant. Productivity can be achieved from good operational planning. Some factors responsible for effective working in the restaurant include: 

• Staffing
• Cultural diversity
• Legislation
• Recruitment 

Slide 14

In the Cris Crispy Burgers and Veggie Shakes, Recruitment designed their own process for recruiting the experienced and trained candidates. The recruiting team also evaluates the number of candidates require in managing the functionality of a restaurant. 

Staffing: it is a necessary part of the Cris business to allocate the job profile. Advance training and workshop programs will be scheduled to improve the skills and capabilities of staff.

Staffing plays a major part in client-side communication.

Slide 15

Cris Crispy Burgers & Veggie Shakes will make the legal process of a restaurant to save the rights of employee and customer conflicts. This restaurant will also register the brand information on packing foods. Services will be produced legally to save the rights from being disclosed and misused. 

This restaurant will provide a positive culture and there is an equal right for all employees they all will equally learn and grow. Some policies will be created to control diversity. Staff will be trained by mentors to do the job as a team.

Slide 16

Bad hiring in the organization is more problematic during hectic holidays. Employee Departure problem can be faced any time and another feature is seasonal or temporary hires that leaves before the hectic holidays. Functioning with recruiter can help in eliminating these types of problems. Always sure on the hiring if it is temporary, permanent or seasonal.

Slide 17

From this idea, it can be concluded that Cris Crispy Burgers & Veggie shakes are an American Based burger Company that is offering quality services and attractive deals and discounts to attract and satisfy their customers. Development of business includes management, market, target market helped in recruiting the staff, knowing the customer nature, and determining the satisfaction of customers from products and services. Ambiance, as well as the interior and exterior design of the restaurant, helped in attracting local as well as foreign customers. Thus cultural diversity offers a positive environment among employees and legislation protects the rights of all the employees from exploitation thus they both play a significant role in this organization. 

Slide 17

Conclusion 

The hospitality industry is a very large industry across the globe & also plays a specific role because it provides many facilities like restaurants, bars, accommodation, fitness and many more. In the hospitality and tourism industry, an individual travels only due to a number of the reason being a pleasurable time, leisure or business purpose. He would like to take a trip only when he gets these three activities like sleep, munch, and fun on the whole. The main purpose of the travel and tourism industry is to provide quality services and satisfaction to the customers. If the IT sector is used properly in the travel and hospitality industry, this may also generate revenues for both the industries as people make use of the internet facility to concern about the packages and additional benefits. So the IT industry also offers an edge to the business for their booming business.

If the hospitality industry and travel and tourism industry join hands together this will outcome in a victory position for both the industry as at last in the end they equally gaining profits and income from the consumers.  

References 

• All Business Ideas. (2019).The importance of staff in the hospitality business. [Online] All Business Ideas. Available at: http://www.allbusinessideas.net/the-importance-of-staff-in-the-hospitality-business/. [Accessed: 16 April 2019].
• Ateljevic, J. and Page, S.J. eds., 2017. Tourism and entrepreneurship. Routledge.
• Boz, M., 2016. Integration in Tourism Distribution Channels and Bargain Power Of Tour Operators Over Accommodation Establishments: TUI and Thomas Cook Cases. Ekonomiczne Problemy Turystyki, 36(4), pp.115-124.
• Haven‐Tang, C. and Jones, E., 2012. Local leadership for rural tourism development: A case study of Adventa, Monmouthshire, UK. Tourism Management Perspectives, 4, pp.28-35.
• Hingley, M.K., Lindgreen, A. and Grant, D.B., 2017. Special issue on: Power in business, customer, and market relationships.
• Ivanov, S., Stoilova, E. and Illum, S.F., 2015. Conflicts between accommodation establishments and travel agencies. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 15(1), pp.54-70.
• Longhi, C., 2017. Innovation and technological change in tourism: a global-local nexus. In Knowledge-Based Services, Internationalization and Regional Development (pp. 81-96). Routledge.
• Madera, J.M., Dawson, M., Guchait, P. and Belarmino, A.M., 2017. Strategic human resources management research in hospitality and tourism: A review of current literature and suggestions for the future. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1), pp.48-67.
• Marasco, A., De Martino, M., Magnotti, F. and Morvillo, A., 2018. Collaborative innovation in tourism and hospitality: a systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(6), pp.2364-2395.
• Mohammed, I., Guillet, B.D. and Law, R., 2015. The contributions of economics to hospitality literature: A content analysis of hospitality and tourism journals. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 44, pp.99-110.
• Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalization and new tourism in the third world. Routledge.
• Waligo, V.M., Clarke, J. and Hawkins, R., 2013. Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework. Tourism management, 36, pp.342-353.

Q1. Identify and analyse issues related to tourism and destination development at the location?

Jones, G. A., &Sanyal, R. 2015. Spectacle and suffering: The Mumbai slum as a worlded space. Geoforum, 65, 431-439.

This article shows the relationship between spectacle and suffering. The place of Dharavi represents the art, slum tours and television documentary that give narrative and imaginary of a slum. The article focus on the representation of poverty that makes attractive to volunteers and tourist. This paper wants to expand slums imaginary constructed and what knowledge is required in producing a good result.

Branding

It is always thinking of the tourist basically tourist is one way of the new observer, capable of concern about slum provided by media and it is always good to understand to the visiting slum experience by them.

Dharavi is the place in pure Mumbai. A fishing village of Dharavi in the 19th century this was early 20th century the city grew him noxious and illicit industry were completely separate from Mumbai. Constraint by flowing tree and only one side of the water and other side rail lines, the site of 432-acre increase the density of population over 1,200/acre featured by restricted infrastructure, their house are low quality and engaged in poverty.

There are following challenges faces by Mumbai tourism

• The place of Colaba, Mumbai sees many numbers of people on a daily basis. The tourism of India not complete without seeing the Gateway of India and the waterfront of Tajmahal. The authority of BMC, police department and respective MLA and MPs.  
• The challenges of the restaurants, bars, and cafes in this area must be opened and proper arrangement traffic requirement of the business.
• The population of beggars, vagrants and drug paddlers has the multiple effects of the last year tourist in Colaba, Mumbai. 
• The roads are not fully developed, bad roads, poor street lights, give differences in maintaining tourism.
• There is illegal hawking in the ShahidBhagat Singh road, increase the traffic problems.

Q2. Identify and analyse negative and positive impacts of tourism activity on the host community at the location?

Ranga, M., &Pradhan, P. 2014. Does terrorism terrorize tourism: Indian tourism effacing myths? IJSSTH, 1(5), 26-39.

This article shows the positive and negative impact of the tourism sector. It mainly discusses the positive impact of the Mumbai sector. It mainly discusses the culture, tourism, educational tourism, and development the sport tourism. Tourism is the critical source of revenue generation; therefore it is a major source of economic development. It reflects the problem of the negative condition exists. It gives the correlation between tourism and terrorism sector.  It is also the main source of foreign exchange earnings.

The positive impact of tourism activity–

Tourism is the major source of the growth of the industry. It is the largest service industry which contributes the 6.23% of GDP of the nation or contributes 8.78% of aggregate India employment. The year 2010, 5.78% of total foreign tourist arrived in India,and it gave revenue to India in the year 2008, i.e.200 billion US dollars. It is hopeful to grow US$ 375.5 billion in the year of 2018 at a rate of growth is 9.4% annually. The majority of numbers of outside country tourist are coming from the UK and the US. In Mumbai there are many heritage places, beaches, five-star hotels, etc. there are big hotels like Taj hotel, Triton hotel. There are cultural, and tourism initiative is absolutely taken to improve knowledge of tourism. The tourism industry has a huge relevance to economic development. The tourism industry is providing huge employment opportunities in emerging countries and also to enhance foreign funds. 

The negative impact of tourism activity–

Terrorism is the biggest threat to tourism. It gives prohibition of growth of tourism. The threat to the tourism sector has a major effect on the international tour of the country. It gives the effect of major hurdle in foreign exchange of the country. Tourism is one of the economic pillars of the economic pillar of the country. Terrorism is one of the factors that influence of negative growth of the country.

In 2008 the Mumbai terrorist attack on the TAJ hotel was the biggest disaster of the tourism industry. A lot of loss occurred by this attack; many people got injured and gave the negative impact of the tourism sector.

Q3. Identify and discuss policy implications to achieve sustainable tourism outcomes for the destination?

Rodriguez, I., Williams, A. M., & Hall, C. M. 2014. Tourism innovation policy: Implementation and outcomes. Annals of Tourism Research, 49, 76-93.

• There are following tourism policies that should be implemented by the Maharashtra government. 
• The tourism department must give focus to the upper level of the market. They should invest in foreign and domestic tourist.
• Mumbai has diversification of his product ranging from forts, caves, places, hills, unspoiled beaches. They should highlight the whole project of tourist related.
• The tourism department should have a goal of a fixed percentage of the international tourist in a year. The strategy of increase tourism through the promotion of heritage places and hotels.
• The sustainability of tourism would largely depend on a project that can be helpful for revenue generation and high return of investment.
• The tourism industries basically have the labour-based industry that gives employment to different people.
• The various tourist facilities such as food, toilets, information, and accommodation should be developed in Mumbai destinations.
• There should be an approach of rail, air connectivity of tourism places of Maharashtra.
• Development control regulation for important tourism destination.
• The breakfast policies of tourist destinations benefit to the local people and tourists.
• The particular monuments and destination must be identifying for a partnership of public and privet.
• The Maharashtra government promotes the development of traditional culture of heritage places. So that foreign customer can understand Indian culture.
• Create and develop awareness about the importance and advantages of tourism.

Q4. Tourism marketing and consumer behaviour

Hudson, S., &Thal, K. 2013. The impact of social media on the consumer decision process: Implications for tourism marketing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(1-2), 156-160.

The following objective of marketing and consumer behaviour

• Knowledge of marketing of tourism
• Consumer behaviour regarding tourism
• Factors of tourism product
• Develop a structure of internet marketing structure for tourism products.
• Classification of tourists into values and personality

Tourism marketing is the procedure of marketing concept in the tourism and travel sector. The marketing of tourism would be difficult in the amalgamation of different product in various industries. The marketers also very wide and analyse consumer preferences.

Tourism marketing can be defined as organized, mixed effort of the bodies, national, international or local areas to attain growth and satisfaction of the tourists.

The term consumer behaviours basically highlight the taste, nature in regard to analyse and disposal of product and services to satisfy needs and wants.

Tourism marketing is the largest generator of employment. Tourism proves the world biggest industry for opportunity and revenue of employment. It is related to the transportation and communication, entertainment of all Service sectors.

The marketing of tourism basically gives two point-

• Targeting domestic tourist
• Targeting international tourist

Targeting domestic product–

The tourism destination of India first targets to attract Indian tourist. Indian tourist basically wants to see his tourist destinations. In Mumbai, many people of Mumbai go to the beaches to relax.

Targeting international tourist–

This is a major source to increase revenue from foreign tourist; they charge money extra in compare to Indian tourist. It gives source to attain a foreign currency of different countries. A weekend holiday is a chance for Indians to visit heritages places, hotels in Mumbai. They can come with their families. The various consultancy services help to provide marketing of tourist destinations and product. They can give advertisement and do mouth advertisement to the people. They should sell a product in relation to consumer preferences in heritage places and give qualitative food in the hotels. Marketing can be done through the social media plate form. Give a picture of heritage places in social media sites.   

Q5. corporate social responsibility in the tourism sector

Ferus-Comelo, A. 2014.CSR as corporate self-reporting in India’s tourism industry. Social Responsibility Journal, 10(1), 53-67.

This article helps to identify the corporate social responsibility of Indian industry of tourism. This basically helps to evaluate the impact of a community of the tourism sector in Mumbai. The examination of employment and environmental practices in develop the tourism sector. It basically helps to qualitative research methods including the interview of the community leaders and employee. They want to use secondary data for company websites and promotional materials for new touring destinations.

Corporate social responsibility basically limited to corporate self-reporting presents the company choices, and in some cases, there is a minimum requirement by regulatory bodies. The CSR is the single way channel to communicate with each other by companies. The CSR principle includes corporate simplicity, community empowerment, and multi-stakeholder engagement.

It basically promotes the CSR facility in relation to the travel and tourism sector. So they can increase the brand image of the country. They give the framework of the necessary development of the tourism sector. They use a methodological approach to develop the tourism industry in India.

Q6. Communication for tourism in Mumbai

Burgold, J., & Rolfes, M. (2013). Of voyeuristic safari tours and responsible tourism with educational value: Observing moral communication in slum and township tourism in Cape Town and Mumbai. DIE ERDE–Journal of the Geographical Society of Berlin, 144(2), 161-174.

The most travel or tourist places of India are Mumbai. The tourism understands in respect to communication. All interviewers of slum providers and township tours of nature, size and professionalism of tourism helpful for the advertisement of tourism in slum and people can get better life of slum. It shows the change of community life in slums and upgrading living condition with a high standard of living. They should upgrade the commercial and technical infrastructure of township and slum. They should adopt development related initiative and implement the social and charitable project of visited environment. Tourism and travel industry in Mumbai basically gives the greater job percentage in comparison to all jobs. The majority arrival of India Bangladesh, united kingdom, united states.

Tourism in India is important for growth and economy. Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra are the most popular states in India. Delhi, Mumbai, Agra, Chennai, Jaipur were the very much number of times visited by the tourists. India is famous for internal tourism. All outsiders’ visitors of India want to make a trip of India memorable. India is famous for many historical monuments and forts. The historical monuments have their own identity a specific history behind this. In India, many royal places are now converted in best hotels and resorts. Slum tour is the integral part of the tourism.

INTRODUCTION

An entrepreneur is an individual who begins a new business with a particular idea. Benefits of entrepreneurship are it increases the chance of developing own ideas and helps in utilizing time for own purpose. Case study of Topdeck is selected for this assignment. It is a UK based organization deals in travelling and tourism sector. It was established in 1973. In beginning only Double Decker buses and vans are available. Now the company has turnover of 1 million. Double Decker is providing tourism services in 65 countries and is offering 339 tours. Case study will help in understanding the skills required for becoming an entrepreneur. The steps required for making entrepreneurship successful is also discussed in this case study. In the last section of the case study, the planning required for travelling and tourism entrepreneurship is also discussed. There should be goals and objectives of the entrepreneur for this purpose.

TASK 1

(A)Discuss the entrepreneurial traits and skills required to be a successful travel and tourism entrepreneur.

Skills and knowledge are very important for becoming successful entrepreneur. (Surugiu and Surugiu, 2015.). These skills and knowledge make the business easy to run and also helps in achieving a suitable outcome. For entrepreneurship in different sectors, there are different skills required. In entrepreneurship in travel and tourism, the skills and knowledge required are – 

• Opportunity recognition – Opportunity recognition is the way in which entrepreneurs identifies the way of introducing new services or products to customers (Sepúlveda, and Bonilla, 2014.). Opportunity recognition if done properly proves very beneficial for entrepreneurship. In travel and tourism passengers mainly expects safe and comfortable travelling in an economical way. For achieving this organization should increase the vehicles provided and make the price of travelling more economic then other travellers are provided. 
• Strategy Development – For starting any business sufficient strategy is a very important factor. Entrepreneurs should set a strategy to make their business more effective and leads to develop more with time. In tourism and travelling competition is increasing very rapidly. Thus, it is very important to identify the competition and make a strategy accordingly. Savings should also be done as during staring phase of business money is required for a long period of time. New services should also be introduced so that more passengers can be attracted (Solvoll, et. al., 2015).  
• Assembly of Resource and Financing – It is very important for an organization to have knowledge of available resources and financial condition. Travelling and tourism is a sector which involves a large number of resources and money. If an entrepreneur has knowledge of available resources and ideas then it becomes easy for the organization to arrange more resources and money if required.
• Strong People Skills – It is very important to have strong people skills in order to communicate with more people and to motivate employees. This skill is very important because it helps in motivation of employees. Successful entrepreneurs generally have this skill. As motivated employees can work more efficiently thus entrepreneurs should be able to motivate their employees.

These traits and skills are required for entrepreneurship in travelling and tourism. Also, it is very important to implement these skills accordingly. Implementing is also very important because without proper implementation there is not any benefit of any skill and knowledge. These skills are generally with time and experience (Laeis and Lemke, 2016).

B) Using an appropriate format, produce a self-appraisal (self-assessment) of entrepreneurial traits (characteristics) and skills that you may possess and identify the strengths and weaknesses for development benchmark to be a successful.

Self- Assessment of Entrepreneurial Traits

Being an entrepreneur, I have the ability to motivate others. I certainly have the ability to induce others to work for me. My attitude towards work is positive and not judgemental. I perceive the difficult situations in an optimistic way. Although, I am competitive but I am ready to learn and make improvements as per the feedbacks I receive. I am filled with the ability to power and monitor things, hence, I am able to monitor and coordinate acts and organize the resources. I always look for the better opportunities and find ways to work on the difficult projects. I have the perseverance and determination to solve issues related to functions and performance. I am aware of self-value and I have an optimistic approach towards achieving my goals. Moreover, I have the ability to tolerate and overcome ambiguity by handling the stress with my innovative and creative ideas. I have the ability to analyse the situation and foresee the probable outcomes. Lastly, I am action-oriented individual who is not hesitant to take a spontaneous action wherever required.

Skills and Strengths

The strengths which I possess for becoming successful entrepreneur are – 

• Business Focus – It is very important to have a focus on the business and identifies different needs for business and fulfils them.
• Confidence – Confidence is the key used for successfully running the business. It is because a confident person can take an effective decision for the company.
• Creative Thinker – With the help of a creative mind it becomes easy to take different and innovative decisions for the organization. 
• Determination – This helps in focusing on the particular goal and to achieve it. 
• Knowledge Gainer – For starting and running the business it is very important to have knowledge. This knowledge can be gained from different sources. Thus, it is very important to have the ability to gain knowledge. 

Weakness that can affect from becoming a successful entrepreneur is – 

• Bad Time Management – Time management is very important for making effective business. But if time management is not done then the outcome cannot be achieved and time is wasted. 
• Biased Perspective – Due to regular working on a particular business sometimes it has been observed that the wrong decision takes place. Hence it results in loss of business. 
• Multiple ideas – Having ideas is important for entrepreneurs. But multiple ideas create confusion sometimes. Hence it is very important to focus on a particular idea.  

Strategies for becoming successful entrepreneurs – 

1.Identifying the Competition – It is very important to identify the competition. By knowing the competition, it becomes easy to work accordingly. The strategy should be made in order to give more impact than other competitors (Pădurean, et. al., 2015). It becomes possible for the organization to work efficiently and to achieve an outcome for an organization by identifying the competition. 

2.Innovations in Services – As entrepreneurs are beginners in the business thus it is very important for the organization to provide better service to their customers (Vanevenhoven, 2013). It makes the customers attract for the particular organization. Hence entrepreneurs should have the ability to give better and innovative service to achieve an outcome. 

3 Listening to Customers Feedback – It is very important to be aware of the reactions of customers with the service and products of the organization. It can be achieved by taking feedbacks from the customers. Then service or product should be modified according to feedbacks and reactions of customers. It makes the positive impact of the organization (Galdon, et. al., 2013). 

TASK 2

A) Select a successful travel & tourism entrepreneur and analyse his or her business development strategy

Case study of Scott Keyes is selected for this purpose. Scott Key is founder of Scott’s cheap flights. Main function of Scott Keyes is email newsletter. Online as well as offline subscriptions are provided for this particular purpose. His organization makes the cheap flight deals for the organization. Scott Keyes has pursued journalism in graduation. He began his business with the objective of having cheap flight tickets. For this purpose, he began to watch video tutorials. In 2013 he finally achieved some success when he got best deal. In that deal the rate of New York to Milan was just $130. At that time, he did not achieved success but in 2015 his email services became enough successful that large number of people became its member. For getting profit Scott Keyes prepared a strategy. This strategy was to provide service in low rates then other organization. He set the price of his service $2 in the beginning. This did not give outcome but it he became successful in attracting large number of people. After some time, he increased his rate also like $30 for six months, $60 in nine months. It proved very beneficial for him and is able to attract number of people and also able to achieve outcomes for himself. 

TASK 3

1. A) Evaluate and discuss the sources of finance and support available to you for the proposed project.

It is very important to have a source of finance for starting any business. It is due to the reason in the starting phase of business availability of money is very less. Hence financers are required for funding (Glavas and Mathews, 2014). These financers differ according to business and its demand. In case of the travel and tourism sector generally, the Financers are – 

1. Government – Tourism is a department that gives benefit to the government of county on a large scale. When a tourist from other countries came to the country then it proves an economic benefit for the country. Hence, government finance for tourism and travelling sector to achieve a profit for the country. 
2. Loans – Loans are the major source of getting financial help nowadays. Entrepreneurs are mainly using loans for starting their business. Various reasons are responsible for it. The main factor, due to which its entrepreneurs are preferring loan is its easy availability. Loans are given easily to entrepreneurs for their business. Barclays and HSBC are generally the banks that provide loans to entrepreneurs in UK (Garud and Giuliani, 2013.).
3. External Financing – Entrepreneurs can get external financing for starting their business. It is the method in which finance from external investors is done. Examples of external financing are venture capital, crowd funding etc. Entrepreneurs can get funding from these external financers. 
4. Institutions – There are some institutions set by the government which provides loan for travelling and tourism purpose only. In different countries, there are different institutions decided for this particular purpose. These institutions are generally government institutes. Only a few institutes are private that are providing loans for entrepreneurship in Travelling and tourism (Pădurean, et. al., 2015). For example, in UK Microfinance Institution (MFI) is the institution set by the government.  

B) Develop a business plan with a market assessment, business analysis and cash-flow analysis and justify the potential for success of the proposed Travel and Tourism business.

MARKET ASSESMENT– Market assessment is generally evaluation of new product or idea for getting suitable output for the organization. For example, in case of Topdeck organization the company deals with travelling and tourism sector. Hence the demand of people will be that best service is provided to them in cheap prices (Halkias, et. al., 2014). Value added offers should be provided. Also, the value and services should be such that they should be different and more effective than other organizations. Competitors should be identified and organization should work in such way that better performance can be achieved. 

For the success of travel and tourism enterprise, various potential components required are – 

1. Spending time on business – It is very important to spend time on the business. The time spent should produce an effective result. Spending time helps in creating new business plans and making effective changes if required. It increases the knowledge related to a particular business.
2. Entrepreneurial Knowledge – Having knowledge of entrepreneurship helps in understanding the business easily. Sufficient entrepreneurial knowledge leads to an increase in the potential of the business and helps in achieving business. 
3. The ability for Teamwork – Any task could not be achieved individually. Employees and a team are required for this purpose. Having a team makes the functioning of the business easy and achieves a better outcome (Glavas and Mathews, 2014). Teamwork can be achieved with proper coordination among the employees.
4. Taking Calculated Risk-Taking risk is important but the risk should be calculated. As entrepreneurship is starting phase of the business thus it very important that risk should be taken accordingly. It is done to protect the organization from the negative impact of the business. 
5. Correct Actions and Decisions – It is very important to take actions and decisions very carefully. It is because of these decisions impact the organization and the business. Decisions should be taken accordingly and also it is important that these decisions impact positively on the organization (Halkias, et. al., 2014).). 

Cash flows statement of Topdeck for the year ended 30 June 2019.
Particular	Amount ($)	Amount ($)
A) Cash flow from operating activity
Net cash at bank		40
Cash sales	4763
Cash received	17649
Cash received	22412	22412
Income tax paid	52
Cash paid	9635
Rent paid	520
Wages	364
Long services leave paid	25
Payment of other expenses	371
GST paid	184
Cash paid	11151	11151
Cash inflow from operating activity		11301
B) Cash flow from Investing activity
Purchased of assets	4934
Purchased of investment	250
Cash paid	5184	5184
Cash received from tourist practices	77
Dividend received	128
Interest received	63
Cash received	268	268
Cash outflow from investing activity		4916
C) Cash flow from financing activity
Loan given to other	84
Interim dividend paid	12
Redemption of debentures	200
Dividend payable	256
Interest Payable	21
Cash Paid	573	573
Cash received on loan	45
Issue of share	600
Acquired borrowings	500
Cash received	1145	1145
Cash inflow from financing activity		572
Net cash inflow or outflow		6957

C) Present a persuasive business plan for the Travel and Tourism start-up project.

Mission Statement – Following business start-up plan is prepared in order to make successful entrepreneurship in travel and tourism plan. For this purpose, case study of Topdeck is selected which is a UK based organization (Gowreesunkar, et. al., 2015). 

Company Background – Topdeck is a successful travel and tourism organization. Topdeck was established in 1973. This organization started its business with double-decker buses and vans. Spain and Morocco were the first places where service is provided by Topdeck. Now it has become a successful organization and offers travelling in 65 countries. In present organization is stable and successful and offering 339 tours. 

Description of Travelling and Tourism– Topdeck is the organization works on travelling and tourism sector. Travelling and tourism is the sector which can give a large amount of outcome for the organization. The only thing required for this is running the business successfully. It could be done by providing the best service to the people in a cheap amount. Many entrepreneurs are involving them self in travelling and tourism business. It is due to the profit that can be earned from this business (Halkias, et. al., 2014). 

Marketing Plan – Marketing plan is very important for making the business plan effective. Topdeck is the organization which works in order to provide the best service to its customers. For this, they take various steps and follows various procedures. 

• Best offers are provided to the customers.
• Service provided to the customers are very effective by Topdeck
• Focuses on the promotion of the organization.
• Attracts more customers.
• Use the latest technologies and provides modern services and technologies to customers.

Competitor Analysis –It is very important to identify the competitors provided in the market. It helps in increasing the functioning and performance of the organization. Topdeck is leading successful organization for travelling and tourism sector. Main competitors of Topdeck are Stoke Travels and Authentic London Walks.

SWOT ANALYSIS – This is a very important component of a business plan as it helps in determining the strengths and weakness of the organization. It helps in determining changes required in functioning. In the case of Topdeck main strength is the service they provide to customers. 

Operations– It determines the operations performed by the organization. The main operation performed in Topdeck is providing travelling service to customers at reasonable rates. 

Financial Planning – This plan contains information related to the financial condition of the organization (Galdon, et. al., 2013). It includes present turn over, determining goals, the money required for future purpose, chances of risk and investment plans. Topdeck is having revenue of around 1 million. The goal of Topdeck is to attract more and more customers. The investment should be done such that chances of risk are minimum, and outcomes can be achieved. 

CONCLUSION

From the above case study, it can be analyzed that there are various steps involved in making the business effective and successful for entrepreneurs. Skills should be present for successful entrepreneurship. It is very important to determine own strengths and weaknesses for the effective functioning of the business. Various factors are responsible for making entrepreneurship successful. These factors should be focused on carefully. Effective business plan should be prepared which contains mission statement, company background, description of product, marketing plan, competitor analysis, SWOT analysis and operations.

REFERENCES

• Surugiu, M.R. and Surugiu, C., 2015. Heritage tourism entrepreneurship and social media: opportunities and challenges. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 188, pp.74-81.

• Solvoll, S., Alsos, G.A. and Bulanova, O., 2015. Tourism entrepreneurship–Review and future directions. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 15(sup1), pp.120-137.

• Laeis, G.C. and Lemke, S., 2016. Social entrepreneurship in tourism: Applying sustainable livelihoods approaches. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(6), pp.1076-1093.

• Badulescu, A., Badulescu, D., Bac, D. and Sipos-Gug, S., 2014. Attitudes and intentions of business master students towards sustainable tourism and entrepreneurship. Amfiteatru Economic Journal, 16(Special No. 8), pp.1110-1124.

• Pădurean, M.A., Nica, A.M. and Nistoreanu, P., 2015. Entrepreneurship in tourism and financing through the Regional Operational Programme. Amfiteatru Economic Journal, 17(38), pp.180-194.

• Galdon, J.L., Garrigos, F. and Gil-Pechuan, I., 2013. Leakage, entrepreneurship, and satisfaction in hospitality. The Service Industries Journal, 33(7-8), pp.759-773.

• Glavas, C. and Mathews, S., 2014. How international entrepreneurship characteristics influence Internet capabilities for the international business processes of the firm. International Business Review, 23(1), pp.228-245.

• Gowreesunkar, V., Van der Sterren, J. and Séraphin, H., 2015. Social entrepreneurship as a tool for promoting global citizenship in island tourism destination management. ARA Journal, 5(1), pp.7-23.

• Halkias, D., Pizzurno, E., De Massis, A. and Fragoudakis, M., 2014. Halal products and services in the Italian tourism and hospitality industry: brief case studies of entrepreneurship and innovation. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 19(02), p.1450012.

• Alrawadieh, Z., Karayilan, E. and Cetin, G., 2019. Understanding the challenges of refugee entrepreneurship in tourism and hospitality. The Service Industries Journal, 39(9-10), pp.717-740.

• Bergset, L. and Fichter, K., 2015. Green start-ups–a new typology for sustainable entrepre-neurship and innovation research. Journal of Innovation Management, 3(3), pp.118-144.

• Vanevenhoven, J., 2013. Advances and challenges in entrepreneurship education. Journal of small business management, 51(3), pp.466-470.

• Sepúlveda, J.P. and Bonilla, C.A., 2014. The factors affecting the risk attitude in entrepreneurship: evidence from Latin America. Applied Economics Letters, 21(8), pp.573-581.

• Stuetzer, M., Obschonka, M., Davidsson, P. and Schmitt-Rodermund, E., 2013. Where do entrepreneurial skills come from? Applied Economics Letters, 20(12), pp.1183-1186.

• Garud, R. and Giuliani, A.P., 2013. A narrative perspective on entrepreneurial opportunities. Academy of Management Review, 38(1), pp.157-160.

Discussion

Tourism is a combination of different activities, industries and services which delivers the experience related to travel. It comprises with accommodation, transportation, food and beverages establishment, entertainment and other hospitality services which offered to the individual or the group members. Travellers attracted towards the respective countries such as Australia, Canada. These countries provide excellent quality of services, and their service quality is continuously approved. Tourism industry efforts are visible because they are taking strict action towards issues and problem faced by travellers. This industry provides its service availability 24*7. These industries concern about traveller needs and expectation. Nowadays, technology improves the quality of services. Online availability makes thing easier for the customer and the owner of the company. Other countries avoid travelling by the traveller due to the unavailability to complete services and the fear of terrorist attack. 

Promotional activities, location, services and price are the segment of the tourism sector. As a traveller, I avoid those countries which do not offer me a complete service package at a reasonable price. If I experienced a tourism service in Australia and Canada, I would surely give return back in terms of recommending to others to visit at least once. People may visit again if their expectation and provided service exactly matched. My regarding tourism is we should understand about similarities and dissimilarities in every tourism industry. All industry will never offer equal quality of service. It is the reason that how an individual segregate the sector according to their need.

Canada provides various job opportunities due to tourism. The continuous growth proves that the tourism industry not only increases the revenue of the sector but also favourable towards currency exchange and supports connect the nation as well. The rent, fuel taxes and the fees for security are acceptable. It is easy to provide visa across near borders (Tiac aitc, 2019). 

Australian tourism attracts the tourist by using the strategy in which they provide the ultimate guide to the international tourist. New restaurant increases the curiosity towards Australian food. The tourism package offers in reasonable or affordable price (Australian Tourism, 2019).

Afghanistan affects from Taliban attack. The tourism industry of Afghanistan spends a massive amount on the tourism sector, but visitors have fear regarding the terrorist attack. The tourist rate falls from the last 100 years (Hughes, 2016).

People are not building the trip plan to visit Iran, taking photos, dressing style, people are not friendly towards tourist (Cleary, 2018)

According to Plog Continuum, Australia is the favorite destination for travelling. The commitment for good service attracts visitor. The intellectually curious, quick decision towards tourism, preferable to daily activities, and accept new opportunities.

Terrorist attacks countries avoid by international visitors. The countries include Pakistan, Afghanistan etc. Wellness and plans are increasing the opportunity of tourism, but these negative traits reduce the visitor rate.

References

• • Australian Tourism.,(2019).There is nothing like Australia[Online]. Australian Tourism.Available at: https://www.australia.com/en-us [Accessed on 17th May 2019]

• Cleary.E,(2018). Why I visited the one place people warned me to avoid[Online].News.com.Available at:https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-advice/travellers-stories/why-i-visited-the-one-place-people-warned-me-to-avoid/news-story/4860d2fa4c8b40676350fac51b13c74a [Accessed on 17th May 2019]

• Hughes.R.,(2016). Do tourists really go to Afghanistan[Online].BBC.Available at:https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36974513 [Accessed on 17th May 2019]

• Tiac aitc.,(2019). The State of Canada’s Tourism Industry [Online],Tiac aitc,Available at:https://tiac-aitc.ca/advocacy_overview.htm [Accessed on 17th May 2019]

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P1 Interpret statistics to accurately present an overview of the nature and trends of tourism on a global scale

Tourism is one of the largest industries contributing to its economy. According to the latest research by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), in 2016 tourism contributed US$ 64 billion to the Top 10 countries economy and the figure can be doubled in the coming decade. The modernization in today’s world is growing at a rapid pace. People are more into travelling then settling down in their own house. Almost every year approximately one billion people travel internationally. Money transfer happens in seconds and billions of cash are transferred on a daily basis. Information and money go hand in hand in this travelling market. Tourism is now one of the most profitable sectors for a country nowadays. It can be pointed at the top 10 countries all over the world have largely contributed to this immense growth of tourism. In the previous ten years, the profit made by tourist arrival was nearly four folds.

                                   Figure 1: Highest number of tourist arrivals

Source: (Google, 2019)

 As it shows on the figure the highest tourist arrivals from the top 10 countries is United States with 75.9 millions arrival and $210.7 billion expenditure in 2016. On the last places is Japan with only 28.7 million and $34.1 billion. 

P2 Investigate the characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas of the world

Out of the top 10 countries, stock rise in the field of tourism rapidly in this modern world of globalization. The city guided itself in the main tourist attraction in the Top 10 countries by building a huge number of projects which mainly attracts tourist from all over the world. These projects are made in such a way that it allows the city to accommodate and facilitate its tourist within the city. These places were pivotal for the city directing towards the new world. These tourists’ spots were important in joining the city with the global estate. The citified transformation of the cities shows a captivating model of marketing with globalization and profiting from its flows by the people. Whilst the city does provide you with natural beauty that it’s another counterpart.

Characteristics
Location	For attracting the tourists to the destination, location is one of the most important factors. It is obvious that people will want to see places which they have not seen in their life ever. Like America is country where the historic monuments is not very easy to be seen and that makes them to go to the countries like India which is rich in historical monuments.
Climate	Another important factor that attracts tourists to a destination is the climate. Like people who live in the places that are hot will go on tour on the cold places and vice-versa.
Environment	This is one of the most important factors because tourists are mostly attracted to the places where they can have some fresh air and clean environment where they can have some relax with nature.
Cultural	Many people of the different countries get excited when they see some unseen cultures of the world and this is what makes them attracted towards those locations which are rich in culture.

M1 Analyse how the scale and nature of tourism on a global level has been influenced by the emerging economies

The importance of tourism starts with the numeral benefits and advantages that it can bring to the country. However, the real importance of tourism is that it contributes to the complete growth and development of the economy by sharing a good percentage in the gross domestic product percentage of a country. Apart from this, tourism helps the country to build brand value and image and identity that may help in foreign relations for the country. When tourism is going well in a specific country then it is automatically economically growing without any much efforts being invested in. The definition and structure of how tourism nature is in a specific city are very important to improve the tourism in a particular City. Tourism is not just about the attractive destinations; it is beyond that it plays a major role as an economic growth contributor.

D1 Critically evaluate the impact of both key and emerging markets, and significant factors affecting global tourism

With 1 billion International visitors in 2012 end 1.8 billion expected tourists by 2013, Global tourism is definitely improving and the statistics and the improved graph for proof of that. Growth is not just enough and that is why the destination and the stakeholders involved must take responsibility to make sure that the growth is well managed so that the benefits that come from the tourism industry are properly utilized. This way negative external component can be minimized and a continuous process of planning and its management can be improved (WTTC, 2013).

According to the World Bank group, the clients and development partners of the top 10 countries are in the process of planning and managing the components required keeping the city as the central tourism interest of these countries. This process is required planning and management to be delivered with the proper developmental impact (Phelan, 2015). The team is also working on the intervention and the implementation of types of assistance that could provide better results in this process. The travel market report confirms that American travellers prefer Top 10 countries to be the topmost European destinations with a 4.63% increase in the number of bookings from 2017. The tourist numbers increased to 19 Million in 2016 according to the Office for National Statistic Report.

Regardless of the existing power is one of the most popular tourist parts in the Top 10 countries, the serious concern lies on how the Trends and challenges can be met and how the plan prepared others to the complexity, accuracy, and compatibility and sustainability factors of the impact analysis.

Sustainable Tourism Global Solutions group have come up with a leadership event in Washington recently to start a preliminary discussion about how the stakeholders can be combined and discuss the upcoming issues. This helps in measuring the impact of tourism and how the various challenges can be tackled.

LO2

P3 Determine specific reasons for the growth of key global tourism generating and receiving areas of the world

To start with, there are certain economic determinants such as social status, income, environment, etc. that play a major role in the Global tourism which is personal income. The distribution of income and currency value is something that influences tourism demand. Symptoms and expenditures are related to each other. As a result, the increase in the currency value or the price will lead to a decrease in the demand why the increase in the income may be combined with decreased demand are the increased income with the demand remaining the same. The combination could be anything and cannot be judged.

The exchange rate has made a stronger influence in the tourism demand starting from the generating area to International tourism. The exchange rate variations are highly vulnerable and main definitely very when it comes to the holiday season. The tourism industry makes an economic contribution to the particular destination and they can also have positive or negative economic impacts with respect to the benefits and costs in the destination. The social element also influences tourism demand such as the behaviour of the crowds, human being rights, etc. This includes the demography as well. 

The 4 A’s of destination are the Attraction, Accessibility, Accommodation, and Amenities. These are the main reasons for the tourism and travel into a destination. If a country’s destination has all these factors they will obviously high tourism rate in the country. There are some factors like historical, geographical and cultural that makes the tourists attracted towards a destination. Like India is rich in historical places, geographical and cultural factors also favour the destinations of India and from the research it has been found that India is also an emerging destination of tourism. 

P4 Compare and contrast the differences between a range of emerging global tourism destinations in relation to stages of the destination life cycle, factors driving growth, and strategies employed

To assess key growth and trends of a global tourist destination like Top 10 countries means monitoring and evaluating the impact after tourism initially. It has to contribute in an effective manner to tourism development. There are going to be certain challenges like how the terrorist attack impacted the tourist destinations of the Top 10 countries in a negative manner and how the regions have slowly improved from the same. 

These challenges must be taken into concern as its impact, availability, quality, and consistency of the industry (Lew, 2018). There are other factors like the rise of an online website to make bookings and stays that is impacting the top ten hotels and related companies present physically in the Top 10 countries. All these have to be properly managed to ensure that the business world does not hit with the tourism industry as both equally contribute to the economic growth of the region.

The two developing and emerging countries with attracting destinations for the travellers are India and Myanmar. India is country with a lot of historical monuments and place in different cities and the people who love to know the history are willingly visiting India. Historic destinations like Rajasthan, UP, Delhi, etc. are attracting the tourists to India. India and Myanmar also have destinations for the lovers of the nature like Kashmir, Kerala, Old Bagan, Yangon, and many more such destinations. 

M2 Evaluate and compare the importance of different factors affecting and driving tourism statistical trends in a range of different global regions

Some analysis is required in exploring the change theory by closely looking to the proposition of tourism growth and the factors that determine the behaviour of the tourists. There are different types of tourism available and the impact of each type must be evaluated. The role of technology and assessment must also be taken into consideration. As such, there are a number of key areas to be focused when it comes to the tourism industry and determining its contribution and improvement. Stakeholders must be informed of the changes made in the industry and a record of key trends and growth factors must be taken into consideration as well.

LO3

P5 Investigate the role and responsibilities of key international organisations in the development of global tourism

International tourism is an important part of the economic sector. Just like the tourist and the investments collected by the government tourism department of the nation, the businesses also show equally more and contribute to the economy as taxes. Actually, the organisation plays a key role in the development of global tourism. Starting from the top list of the International Air Transport (IAT), United Nation (UN), European Union (EU), United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) etc. and hotels, restaurants, shopping mall and travel agencies come under the list of organisations that contribute to the development of global tourism. For example, Dubai is famous for its shopping mall all and there are several people who visit the place to shop best quality products. Likewise, the quality e of the organisations contributes to the development of the tourism industry of the city. It is likely that if the government is able to support these organisations then the tourism industry can be improved collaboratively. This is an effective thought as compared to the sectors individually working hard.

Their primary responsibility includes strategic planning and prioritization of initiatives.

• Branding: The organizations works with both private and public sector tourism and commerce partners to promote Top 10 countries as a dominant international business and convenient, leisure and recreational destination around the world.
• Promotion: The organizations promote the city as a best and elite destination for tourism, entertainment, and events. It features the facts that Top 10 countries have great infrastructure, facilities, and events.
• Marketing: Representative offices are managed by The organizations in key markets around the world and take part in commercial marketing and promote emirate’s tourism facilities.
• It spreads awareness of countries as a host for world-class events.
• It also works as a regulatory body and manages the licensing and classification of the tourism industry.

M3 Evaluate the significance of key organisations in the growth and development of global tourism

Key Organizations contributing to the Development of Global Tourism in Top 10 countries

The roles of these key organizations include regulating, promoting, branding, marketing, and spreading awareness about the key elements which helps in the growth of tourism in all countries (Caton, Schott and Daniele, 2014).

There is a possibility that the contribution of the tourism industry in some countries economy may get doubled in the next decade. The organizations will surely play a major role in the huge growth and development of global tourism during the next decade.

This organisation like International Air Transport (IAT), United Nation (UN), European Union (EU), United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) playing a massive role in global tourism development.

European Union (EU) – contribute in the development by taking off visa from all European countries, currency are the same for most of Europe countries, make it more accessible and easy to visit European countries, economic growth, employment (more job roles for people).

World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) – contribute in the development of the tourism by studying and publishing in the research on the Travel and Tourism sector, making available new jobs, analysing the impact of government policies affecting the travel and tourism sector such as jobs and visa facilitation.

United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) – it is an agency responsible for sustainable and universally accessible tourism, they contributes a lot in tourism development bu keeping our environment safe and not polluted.

LO4

P6 Review the significance of various threats, issues and challenges to the future development of global tourism

 Tourism has been growing steadily since the past decades. Their tourism is a part of the Top popular countries’ like USA, France, Spain strategy to make it a global hub for tourism, which was earlier known for its oil-fields and natural gas reserves. Their excellent road connections between the neighbouring nations and easier access through tourist visa are some of the reasons for the growing stature in the world’s economy.

Threats of tourism:

Although all countries are striving forward towards becoming a global tourism hub but below are some threats to its ambitious dreams.

Economic

Most of the countries have become a shopping hub and are known as the shopping capital but the rules and regulations are often not in the favour of visitors. The travel and tourism industry has now become one of the most economy providing countries. The rise in the economy by travel and tourism is because of the rising income of the people in many countries, which allows them to spend on the travelling. People of many countries have disposable income which allows them to save at the time of recession also and with the rise of the disposable income people can do traveling once in a while. The rate of exchange fluctuates regularly. If the people from countries with high currency rate travels to country with low currency rate increase the economy of the country as foreign exchange is very good for economy for the countries with low currency rate. 

Social Trends

Rapid urbanization and modernization have had a considerable impact on ancient architecture threatening and historical landmarks (Carr, Ruhanen and Whitford, 2016). Some countries have recklessly invested in new technology and western structure. Other countries modern structures have superimposed their vernacular and indigenous architecture.

In the last few years, global tourism saw an exponential increase in 4 and 5-star hotels and at the same time, a decrease in the standard hotel apartment. This means that staying for a decent amount of time has become impossible for an average income family. The needs of the customers are also needed to be considered in this industry as they always keep on changing and the current generation customers of travelling can spend money but only if they are comfortable enough. Fashions in the travel and tourism changes regularly like for today’s generation the motive of the travellers is to do shopping and shopping has become a major activity in the tourism. It has been found there are many changes in the events of tourism has taken place like travellers have now started enjoying the adventure in traveling and they join the events in which they will have some adventure in travelling. 

Political

Although some of the countries are not known for any terrorist scenario according to today’s scenario of terrorism, multinational hospitality chains, and other significant structures can be targeted by terrorists (Lee and Oh, 2017). Due to the growth of visitor the ecology of the desert and sea gets affected.  Most of the countries airport is located near the city and the frequent flights can disturb the residence and also can increase the carbon footprints. There are also some factors of politic that should be considered in the travel and tourism industry like exit policy of the country, restriction in travelling, tariffs, safety, etc. Exit policy of the country can be strategy or a plan that helps a project to be completed or halted in the most effective way and it is used most often in the removal of the troops from country by not allowing them to invade. There are many countries with travel restriction, especially for the people suffering from HIV; in fact, some of the countries do not even allow the people to live in the country having HIV. Safety policies of the travellers are also in of the most concerned factors of political and it is the responsibilities of the provider of the tourist accommodation that the tourists stay fit and healthy while they are on the premises of the country. 

Technological

One of the challenges that persist in many countries is a narrow selection. Unlike the Caribbean and South East Asian counterparts, some countries have no proper selection of cultural and natural heritage in the form of beaches. Shopping and other leisure activities have sterility and homogeneity even if it is constructed on a grand scale. Therefore, in order to become a global hub for tourism, many countries will have to overcome all the threats and challenges that are posing in front of it. Technologies like mobile and cloud can also be used to make the people aware about different destination as it allows people to advertise the destination to a vast number of people from around world. Online booking has made a major impact in the business of the tourism as it allows an individual to clearly book the tickets, hotels, dinner, etc. from the internet facilities they have with any confusion. The expansion of the distribution channel has also made major changes in the tourism industry like channel internet. Internet can be used as a tool of marketing, tool of information, tool of purchasing, and many more. 

Environmental

The Global travel industry is quickly approaching and that is why the largest of obstacles on the way. The threat of terrorism and the rise of sharing economy and the transmission of health issues and the uncertainty and the global economy are some of the selective problems that come along with Global tourism as of now. The European regions are specifically going through the after effects of Brexit and the certain it is at its minimum in these places. Consider these highest number of risk that this Global tourism may face, here are the major threats 2 Note.

Other serious challenges

 Many different challenges like over population, in this case the capacity of the country will suffer and the local people who was born and live there. Crimes are very important challenge and many countries trying to solve it because people will not choose a destination where is not safe.

Terrorism may pose as one of the greatest threat of the travel industry. In recent times, foreign visitors have been focusing on better holiday destinations in some countries and the wake of terrorist attacks price the concern of security and this is why the hotel Occupancy rate sarcastically falling down. In France, there was a 45% decline in the revenue in the hotel after the attacks in July 2016. According to the statistics from Paris, the hotel Occupancy rate is now half of what it had a letter specific number would be 32% as mentioned in the second half of July while 77% was Occupancy rate half year back (Bushell and Bricker, 2016). This has been a problematic area for the French tourism industry while Paris ranks as the third most popular city destination for the foreign visitors in the year 2015 with 50 million visitors contributing to 7% of the annual GDP of the country.

M4 Analyse the implications of significant threats, issues and challenges to global tourism

The state of affairs across Belgium is extremely discouraging. Brussels lost 150 million euro in the revenue after the terrorist attacks in April and the hotel bookings fell short of 25% compared to the previous year. Clearly, a vast majority of the most popular tourist destinations are facing serious issues with the decline of tourist numbers in the last couple of years. The threat of terrorism has had an adverse impact on the number of tourist and the corporate travellers for also finding it as a strain. According to a recent survey the terrorist attack has impacted around 8.2 billion Euros in the revenues of travel spending when it comes to the tourism. The major travel operators of the nation are facing major profit lags because of this.

In an atom to throw some positive light over this issue, there are certain travel analysts auto expert who has declared that the tourist destinations are slowly recovering from the impact of terrorist attacked quickly than they would from any natural disaster. If the regularity of attacks of frequent and are increasing with time then the impacts would be longer and the recovery second time would not be similar to that of now (Carr, Ruhanen and Whitford, 2016). The impacts also could be impossible to predict which clearly make sure that terrorism is a serious threat to the tourism industry.

D2 Make justified recommendations for Government and other international organisations for managing future tourism development in response to threats, issues and challenges

The sharing economy of travel industries is another threat to Global tourism. This means collaboration of consumption of goods and services by making use of a peer to peer services s. The rise of Companies like the Airbnb is adding to the attraction of sharing economy and this is definitely a threat to the Global hospitality industry. Some experts also state that the brand value of the standard Hotel chain we may decrease significant please this year and this attributes to the rise of sharing economy. The predicted fallen brand value has been noticed by all the industry joints in the region. This is definitely a big hit on the online travel agencies and Hotel plans. The travel sides are pushing the major hotels and organizations to the bottom of the search results. Several Hotel brands have launched campaigns to ensure the booking levels do not decrease with a Commission basis. Other travel companies have decided to go with the flow rather than standing against smart strategies and giving up on the revenue numbers. This mother has led to certain triple throughout the travel market and is leading to a change of strategy for most of the company.

Health issues are one of the most critical aspects of the downfall of the tourism industry. Starting from Ebola to typhoid, they have all had a detrimental impact on the tourism industry in recent years (Jauncey and Nadkarni, 2014). When the World Health Organisation declared Zika virus to be a Global Public Health emergency this definitely impacted the tourism industry which was not noticed by many of the people. It is a big hit in the economy.

References

Bushell, R. and Bricker, K. (2016). Tourism in protected areas: Developing meaningful standards. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 17(1), pp.106-120.

Carr, A., Ruhanen, L. and Whitford, M. (2016). Indigenous peoples and tourism: the challenges and opportunities for sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(8-9), pp.1067-1079.

Caton, K., Schott, C. and Daniele, R. (2014). Tourism’s Imperative for Global Citizenship. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 14(2), pp.123-128.

Google.(2019) Top 10 countries with highest number of tourists arrivals. [online] Available at: https://www.google.com/search?q=figure+of+the+top+10+countries+from+any+year+with+a+highest+number+of+tourist+arrivals&rlz=1C1CHBF_enIN844IN844&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOncz9z7biAhU_8XMBHZ8GCZUQ_AUIDygC&biw=1152&bih=592#imgrc=RpSaxdGHQrROYM [Accessed 7 May.2019].

Jauncey, S. and Nadkarni, S. (2014). Expo 2020: What must Dubai’s hospitality and tourism industry do to be ready pre- and post-event?. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 6(4), pp.381-386.

Lee, S. and Oh, H. (2017). Sharing travel stories and behavioral outcomes: A case of travel. Tourism Management, 62, pp.147-158.

Lew, A. (2018). Why travel? – travel, tourism, and global consciousness. Tourism Geographies, 20(4), pp.742-749.

Phelan, K. (2015). International Cases in Sustainable Travel & Tourism. Tourism Management, 50, pp.253-254.

United Nations World Tourism Organisation. (2017) International Tourism Arrivals.[online] Available at: https://media.unwto.org/content/infographics  [Accessed 12 May.2019].

Identification of Management Style

Authoritarian management style is when a project leader decides the goal and controls all over the activities. Leaders have full power to control the team. It is to identify that Monitor role gain maximum trade points i.e. 5.2. For this role, I analyze data from outside and inside from my respective area of responsibilities. The parameter of this management style is authority, power, control and supervise the people who are under me.

In the leadershipprofile, I had done my job in an organized way. I managed people who are under my guidance. I supervised them and monitor all the activities. I give my full potential towards the work where I fulfilled all the parameters of the leadership style. Power of making a goal is an easy task but accomplishes or achieving that predetermined task was very difficult.

An aspect of leadership style: There are several types of leadership style in which some are positive and others are negative. These are the different approach to achieving their goals. I monitor all the activities from the initial stage and controlled until the last stage. I composed choices after combining the ideas which generate during the survey. I accept the advice of the survey members (Mayseless, 2018).

As a hospitality manager, my leadership skills are always motivated me for problem-solving skills which carry out in tourism. My responsibility is coordinating and promoting the activities where I successfully meet customer needs.Asevidence, my survey report proves that my monitor role is appreciable (Kim, 2017).

References

• Kim, Y., Kim, M. and Mattila, A.S., 2017. Corporate social responsibility and equity-holder risk in the hospitality industry, Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 58(1), pp.81-93.
• Mayseless, O. and Popper, M., 2018. Attachment and leadership: review and new insights, Current opinion in psychology.