Before knowing about types of chemical bonds let us understand what are chemical bonds. A
chemical bond is a bond that is present in the molecule to hold atoms together. Bonds are present
there because of the electrostatic force between negatively charged particles (electrons) and
positively charged particles (nuclei).
This term is generally used in chemistry and the types of bonds are discussed further. The single
covalent bond is present with four carbon atoms where carbon is connected to each four.
Different Types Of Bonding In Chemistry
The bonds have different properties and different roles in different chemical equations.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
1. Covalent Bond
The bond which is very common in organic molecules is said to be a covalent bond. In this bond
between two atoms, there is a sharing of electrons. The two atoms that are paired form a unique
and different orbit. It produces a new molecule and extends the nuclei of two newly formed
atoms. Furthermore, the covalent bond is divided into two other bonds. The bonds that covalent
bond is divided into are hydrogen bond and polar bond.
2. Hydrogen Bond
The two water molecules form a link that is called a hydrogen bond. One water molecule
produces an electronegative hydrogen atom that is attracted towards an electropositive oxygen
atom which further makes a hydrogen bond.
3. Polar Bond
The attraction that produces a charge which is distributed because of the attraction of electrons
due to covalent bonding is said to be polar bonds. Polar bonds can also be defined as where
electrons that are distributed around the molecule is not symmetrical.
4. Ionic Bond
The ionic bond is considered an important type of bond in chemistry. In this bond, there is a
transfer of electrons where one atom loses the electron and one atom gains the electron. And the
ions that are transferred carry a negative charge which is an anion and the ions that are gained
carry a positive charge which is a cation.
Chemical Bonding In The Hardest Substance On Earth
1. Structure of a diamond
There is a theory that says diamond has a lattice structure which is formed between atoms made
of carbon with covalent bonds in the huge lattice structure. To know more about the structure of
the diamond we have to understand the physical properties of a diamond in brief.
a) Diamond is considered a bad conductor of electricity as it does not have any free
electrons moving.
b) Diamond has organic solvents due to which it is insoluble in water.
c) There are strong covalent bonds present in the diamond which is it hard break it.
d) The melting point of a diamond is very high.
These are the few physical properties of a structure of a diamond.
2. Crystal structure of a Diamond
The crystals that are present in the diamond are capable of making different and unique forms
based on cubic form. The formation is very symmetrical that is made by the diamond atoms.
They can take or form shapes of several types: dodecahedra, cubes, and a combination of these.
When we talk about diamond crystal structures, shapes are generally cubical except for the two
shape classes. These shapes are also known as diamond chemical shapes.
In the outer shell of carbon, how many electrons does lack?
As we know that 6 is the atomic number of carbon. But the right answer should be 4. Because
there does not any electron lack in the neutron carbon. There is the same and equal number of
neutrons and electrons present. The carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shell and two
electrons in its inner shell. So now it is accomplished that in the outer shell of carbon, only 4
electrons are lacking.
What Type Of Bonds Does Carbon Form?
It is now wondered how many types of bond carbon can form. Carbon can generally form a
covalent bond. But different levels of covalent bonding are there.
Covalent bonds are of two types: polar bonds and hydrogen bonds. When it bonds to itself it can
form strong pure covalent bonds with the elements that have unique electronegativity.
The electrons are not divided equally between the atoms where the carbon-oxygen bond is
present there is said to be a polar covalent bond.