finance assignment help

Abstract

Corporate or financial accounting means the type of accounting the company has to follow. It will be different for every country as per the corporate laws of the country. The company have to follow all the rules and regulation while drafting annual reports of the company. The guidelines of the format had been described under the laws and the time of that preparation is also mentioned. If the company fails to prepare the report then they were liable to be punished or with the fine.

Introduction

The below assignment is completed with the A2m milk and the Bellamy limited. Both the company are the FMCG Company. The annual reports taken for the consideration is of 2017, 20 18 and 2019. The equity and the liability part of the annual report had been studied to find out the source of funding nomad the reason behind the change of the figures from one year to another. Financial ratios are analysed for both of the organisations in this report. This report provides good idea of the annual report terms of both the organisations.

Part A

Items recorded under the owners’ equity section

Bellamy limited Items recorded under the owner’s equity section is

Issued capital: the capital issued to the public either through IPO or through the after issue, or buyback will be included in this

Reserves: the change in any part of the company other than the operation are included in the reserves, it includes the foreign exchange reserves, revaluation reserves and other.

Retained profits: retained profits will include the part of the profits company had retained for the plans.

Non controlling interest: it is the part of the equity which is not held by the Bellamy limited and does not have the right to use it (Bellamy limited, 2019).

A2M milk items under the equity section:

Share capital: the share capital is the number of the shares issued by the company to the pub lice, employees or another member, either by IPO, or buyback will be included.

Retained earnings: this will include the saving of the profits for future management. As per the law, the company has to retained fix % of the profits as restrained earnings

Reserves: reserves will be the fluctuation inactivates under than operating, like hedging instrument (A2M,2019).

Movement in each item recorded under the owner equity section with the reason

Bellamy Limited Schedule of Equity Share

The company is having a change in the share capital pattern from 2017 to 2019. The company had issued a share in 2016 to the existing shareholders. As per the annual report of 2019, it was revealed that the company had issued 9,738,250 shares to the investors in 2017 for$ 46,257000. 3,190,042 shares were issued to the subsidiaries company and 708,467shares were under ESOP. At the end of 2019, the company had the 113,368,297 no of shares worth $120, 870000. The shares in 2018 were 113,316,104 worth 120,870 (Bellamy limited, 2019).

On the part of the balance sheet, the issued capital will be the same for all years. Reserves were fluctuated due to the change in foreign exchange and due to the profit and loss for the hedging instruments. The company had not paid any dividend in the current year.

A2M milk

As per the review of the company balance sheet company not had issued any share capital in the current year to the public. But had given the option of the ESOP to the employees.

Out of option raised the 3000998 shares were exercised of the value of $1890000 which were 4,231,000 were exercised in 2018 the value of the exercise was 2666000. The company also issue partly paid share worth $1080 in 2019. The cost of the issue was $41 in 2019 while $52 in 2018.

The company had paid a dividend in the current year as well as the last year

Reserves will include the employee equity-settled payment reserves, fair value reservation reserve and foreign currency translation reserve.

Items have been recorded under the liabilities section

Bellamy limited

Liability section is divided under two heads current liability or noncurrent liability

Current liability will include the change in the liabilities due to the operation of the business, it includes trade and payables, changes in the inventory, income tax liability and other

While in current liability will include employee benefits of the company

A2M Milk

As the same, it is also divided infer the two heads

Current liabilities had included the change in trade payables of the operations and other contract liabilities of the customer

While no current liabilities will include the p [arable other than the operations which are the employee’s entitlements

The movement in each item recorded under liabilities section with reason

Bellamy limited

The reason for the change is as follows:

Trade and payables: it will include the trade payables, as the suppliers whom the company have to pay for the stock they had purchased

Borrowings: borrowings will include the benefits of the credit card facilities of the company; it will include the secured loan of the company, from the bank. The total secured loan of the company is from either bank the bank facility or the guarantees given. As per the accounting standards, the borrowings are shown at the fair value of the consideration (Bellamy limited, 2019).

Derivative financial instruments: it will include the transition of the hedging, and they are recorded as the fair value on each subsequent re [porting date. The company recorded the net profit and loss in the instrument under the reserves of the company

Income tax: the income tax will be the liability of the tax of the cure net year which will be paid in the next financial year

Employee benefits: this will be the benefits given to the employs, but the employees not entertain the benefits yet

Provision: the provision will include the minimum annual provision. The reason for the change in minimum value.

Employee benefits: employee benefits will include the contingent liabilities of the employees for which the company had made provision.

A2M milk

The A2m milk had included the following liability

Trade payables: it will include the party to whom the company have to pay for the supplies.

Accruals: it had the liabilities company have to pay in the current year but nit paid in the current year, and dwell bow due in the current year.

Employee benefits: it will include the benefits given to the employees and not yet received. It will be recognised on the fair value and change of is the reason is in the fear value and number of the option.

Explain the relative advantages or disadvantages of each source of the fund each of your selected companies is using

Both the company had the capital raised from either from the issue of the capital or through the bank or financial institutions

The advantage is as follows:

Share Capital: the coma pony does not pay any fixed rate of the interest in the share capital, hence it will be beneficial to the company, but the company have to pay a dividend at the end of the year which involves the part of the profits.

Employee stock option: this option is given to the employees to make them retain in the company, in this option the employees can exercise the issue on the issue price on the date of /option given. They can also vest their right if they want

Bank: it is the most secure type of funding. The bank will take a fixed rate of interest but they have fixed maturity periods.

Part b

Concept of small proprietary companies, large proprietary companies and reporting entity.

Proprietary companies are those that are registered under section118, 60180,1362B. if any nature of the companies isis registered under these above mentioned is known as proprietary companies. The proprietary companies are limited by shares, not more than 50 shareholders, and no disclosure is done by a proprietary company in front of the public. These are some condition to become a proprietary company (Hiller, 2013).

Small proprietary companies

Small proprietary companies are the companies that follow all the above-mentioned condition and some additional condition that is

The small proprietary companies are considered small if they earn gross revenue not more or less $10 million in a financial year.

The small proprietary companies are to be under small proprietary if the companies assets turnover is less than $5 million in a financial year.

The small proprietary should consist of not more than 50 non-employees shareholders at the end of the year or financial year.

Hence, if any company is fulfilling a minimum 2 of the following condition they are considered as the small proprietary company as per section 113 (May 2013).

Large proprietary companies

Large proprietary companies are the companies that are fulfilling above mentioned objective that is mentioned in proprietorship clauses and some additional condition also applied to accept the companies as a large proprietary company the condition are

The large proprietary companies are to considered to be large if they earn gross revenue of $10million or more than $10million in the financial year.

The large proprietary companies are considered to be large proprietary under section 113 if their assets turnover is $ 5 million or more than that in the financial year (May 2013).

The large proprietary company should consist of 50 employees or more than that margin in the financial year.

Hence if all the condition is fulfilled by any proprietary companies the company is considered under a large proprietary company and above clauses should be followed by the company every financial year.

Reporting entity companies

Reporting entity companies are the companies that are dependent on the general purpose financial report to develop the understanding of the financial position and performance of the company or the firm or the business entity, the reporting entity also use the understanding to make necessary decision making for the financial aspect of the company. The general users f this portal is the shareholders, members, employees, and potential investors . under this condition all the Australian standard are to be implemented and proposed while understanding the financial report and all the condition that are mentioned in the Australian standards report and conclude the report after covering all the relevant clauses that are related to the particular financial report that is share price , taxation report and another public outcomes that is to followed by the company while building any decision making and framing policies (Kang and Gray, 2013).

The implication of the terms, compliance and reporting requirement in all the above mentioned three types of companies

Small proprietary company

Institutional framework

As per the institutional framework, the small proprietary companies should register themselves under the head proprietorship clauses. The small entity company should not have the rights to disclose any report or share under public report broadcasting and they have to follow all the riles that the framework amends to follows, if any violation occurs in future the laws suggest he punishment as well.The rule violation will cause the closedown of the company, some fine amount should be discharge and the required certificate that is commencement certificate should be incorporated under the proprietorship act. These are all some framework that is suggested by the government of the country (Miglani, et.al., 2015.

Accounting standard

Small entity companies should follow the AASB-series standards that are to allotted by the Australian standard of the country for performing any financial transaction and preparing a financial report. The AASB-series includes the health discussion if in any case required, the small entity companies should also consult the public for processing. The head that comes under AASB- series are Australian securities and commission act 1989 of corporation law (Miglani, et.al., 2015).

Auditing standard

The auditing standard that is followed under the corporation laws is the auditing and assurance standards board. This standard helps the proprietor to develop some professional code and conduct for professionalism framework and maintaining standards in the company and provide assistance to carry financial report ethically and professionally. Hence the auditing body also prescribed the violation condition, so that the person think before doing any evil act.

Large proprietary companies

Accounting standards and auditing standard

The large entity should maintain the gross revenue as mentioned under the proprietary clauses or section. The accounting standard suggests some norms as mentioned under the corporation laws the laws 3expalined that the proprietary business does not consider as the public company. So that they have no right to disclose their investors and shares of the company they take help of the public consultation process for better functioning and report preparation. The Australian accounting standard provides certain guidelines that are to be followed by the large entity companies, otherwise, they will suffer complication in the working and the development of accounting standards raise the standard of the financial senses too and helps the company professional to implement those standards to sustain the quality and working in the organization.

The auditing and assurance standard helps the large proprietary companies to develop ethical processing in the company to carry out financial norms with high standards in auditing policies. The auditing policies also levied rules and restriction for effective functioning (Rahman, 2013).

Reporting entity companies

Accounting standard and auditing standard

Reporting entity company should also follows the relevant standard to maintain the ethical environment in the organization and to prevent company from heavy losses the reporting entity company prefer the GPFR portal or a assistance that helps them to develop understanding of the financial nature and behaviour that needs to maintained the effective financial position and to take relevant and accurate decision making after studying the GPFR reports and prepare the company report as per the study done in the GPFR portal and make changes and implementation accordingly (Gay and Simnett,, 2012).

Conclusion

The study of all the above mentioned clauses reveals that every company whether it is A2M milk companies and Bellamy limited of Australia should follow all the rules and regulation that is amended by the Australian standards under the accounting heads for carry out their financial position and reporting effectively because if they do not implement all the clauses they do not know the nature of their business. For maintaining quality standards and to distribute equal shares to discharge financial responsibility and to implement high standard and ethical working the company needs to follow the guidelines that are amended by the Australian government to carry out financial planning and functioning effectively. Hence for gathering effective and professional financial essence whether it is in the small, large or reporting entity, the company needs to follow the standards for basic formalities, financial years terms and condition, and to maintain consistency in the business.

References

A2M, 2019, Annual report of A2M milk[online] A2M available at: https://thea2milkcompany.com/wp-content/uploads/The-a2-Milk-Company_FY19-Annual-Report_double-pages-1.pdf[access on 29 September 2019]

Bellamy limited, 2019, About investors and share of the company[online] Bellamy, limited available at: https://www.intelligentinvestor.com.au/shares/asx-bal/bellamys-australia-limited[access on 29 September 2019]

Bellamy limited, 2019, Annual report [online] Bellamy limited, available at http://www.annualreports.com/Company/Bellamys-AustraliaLtd[access on 29 September 2019]

Gay, G. and Simnett, R., 2012. Auditing and assurance services in Australia. McGraw-Hill Education Australia.

Hiller, J.S., 2013. The benefit corporation and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 118(2), pp.287-301.

Kang, H. and Gray, S.J., 2013. Segment reporting practices in Australia: Has IFRS 8 made a difference?. Australian Accounting Review, 23(3), pp.232-243.

May, G.O., 2013. Financial accounting. Read Books Ltd.

Miglani, S., Ahmed, K. and Henry, D., 2015. Voluntary corporate governance structure and financial distress: Evidence from Australia. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 11(1), pp.18-30.

Rahman, A.R., 2013. The Australian Accounting Standards Review Board (RLE Accounting): The Establishment of its Participative Review Process. Routledge.

Abstract

Jb Hi Fi Company is founded by John Barbuto. It is a type of retail industry founded 45 years ago in 1974 at Keilor East, Victoria, Australia. This company mainly deals in the products related to customer electronics, major appliances such as domestic appliance for cooking and washing laundry, for food preservation etc and example of small appliances can be said as microwave oven, coffee makers etc. JB Hi Fi is the largest company of home appliances in Australia. It deals in Computers, tablets, mobile phones, TVs and gaming multimedia. The Good Guys is the subsidiary of this company. JB HI FI is located nearly at 303 places including Australia and New Zealand. The headquarters of JB Hi Fi Company is in Tower Two of Vicinity Centre’s Chadstone Shopping Centre, Melbourne, Australia. Gregory Richards being a Chairman of the company and Richard Murray as the CEO forms the two key people of Jb Hi Fi. This company is publically traded in the Australian stock exchange named ASX: JBH. The company ranks 50 out of top 2000 companies running in Australia. All the other relevant information about the company can be referred through the official website of Jb Hi Fi Company https://www.jbhifi.com.au/.

I Introduction

Here we are going to know all about the success policies of JB HI FI. Its financial performance and income statements of the company. Jb Hi Fi is an Australian company, aw we know, one of the largest entertainment retailer of home products. The company deals with major appliances as well as small appliances in a variety of home appliances. Mobile phones, laptops, televisions, gaming microwave ovens, toaster JB Hi Fi are all examples of the company’s flagship and small appliances.

In this assignment, we will go over all the important and salient issues faced by the company in general, their adopted principles, the overall performance measures used, and the performance of the firm’s financial position of JB HI FI Company. We will also analyse the structure of capital, their price to income ratio, non-assets of the company JB hi fi. These performances will set the standards for future targets for the company, will they be able to meet their goals and achieve success in the near future?

We will analyse the changing trends about the Jb Hi Fi Australian Company for the last three year financial ratios of the company. An in-depth study of the company’s performance analysis and success report will be seen. The company’s philosophy and system of work will predict the future. Jb Hi Fi as stated above in this assignment is the real and comparable figures according to the official website of the Australian company. We can get all the necessary information about the company from the company annual report. The referenced material has been updated in the year 2019.

Here we are also going to know the details about the liquidity position of Jb Hi Fi Australian Company. The prices of the shares are updated and regularly assured from the official website of JB HI FI COMPANY https://www.jbhifi.com.au.

II Financial Analysis of selected company

2.1 The key product for Jb Hi Fi Company is electronic household entertainment appliances –

JB Hi Fi Company in Australia deals in household or domestic products, major appliances as well as small appliances. Major appliances such as TVs, laptops are bigger in size and higher in value as compared to small appliances such as coffees machine and microwave oven (Tandon & Malhotra, 2013). The importance of the petroleum products in maintaining the comparative advantages of the company are listed below –

Safety – The Company properly maintained the safety measures in all the products. Provides healthy and safe working environment for all the employees working in the company. Fair behaviour and strict rules and regulations prevent accidents and ensure safety in the company.

Diversity – Jb Hi Fi Company has much line of products. They have diverse skills, background, and experience about policies. They are creative and innovative for products. They try to plan and make strategies for creating as well as promotion of the new product.

Social programs – Company contributes in Helping Hand weekly. Helping hand is the Registered Charitable Trust. This trust has been introduced so that employees donate a limited liability to charity.

Employee groups – Employee groups are formed for timely awareness and programs relating to the benefits of workplace leadership across Australian businesses.

- Complete Disclosure – The director’s focus mainly on the forming up of different strategies and success paths. They want the customers to have the complete disclosure of all the relevant information about the company. Bank, investors, government or the interested parties.

Risk Identification and Management – The Company conducts the necessary operations for the company to identify the risk and manage between risk and reward.

E- Waste – All the E- Waste from different stores and operations for the support purposes are recycled. No wastage takes place by the store initiatives. They ensure the impact of wastage on the environment gets reduced with time.

Variable rewards incentives – the reward incentive under the VRP in the case of dishonesty and fraud, the board’s discretion will happen by the clawback. Misstatement of material, breach of material and in some circumstances the board shows negligence (Talari, et. al., 2017). Subject to this, a Group executive will not be eligible to receive VRPaward in respect of performance period.

Note – If, during that period, the executive cease to employed, or has given notice of his or her resignation from employment or has been given notice of termination from employment.

2.2 Identify and conduct a trend analysis with two groups of financial ratios, including liquidity and capital structure of the selected company.

BALANCE SHEET RATIOS


S. No,		Particulars	2016-17		2017-18		2018-19
1	Current
		Current Assets	$ 1,170.70	1.321630165	$ 1,210.50	1.319777584	$ 1,276.50	1.376874124
		Current Liabilities	$ 885.80	1.321630165	$ 917.20	1.319777584	$ 927.10	1.376874124
2	Quick
		Cash + Accts. Rec.	$ 269.40	0.304131858	$ 276.70	0.301679023	$ 355.20	0.383130191
		Current Liabilities	$ 885.80	0.304131858	$ 917.20	0.301679023	$ 927.10	0.383130191
3	Debt-to-Worth
		Total Liabilities	$ 1,598.80	0.651959385	$ 947.60	0.5	$ 1,044.10	0.5
	0	Net Worth	$ 2,452.30	0.651959385	$ 1,895.20	0.5	$ 2,088.20	0.5

INCOME STATEMENT RATIOS: Profitability (Earning Power)
4	Gross Margin
		Gross Profit	$ 1,230.50	0.218638948	$ 1,470.10	0.214478503	$ 1,527.10	0.215226981
		Sales	$ 5,628.00	0.218638948	$ 6,854.30	0.214478503	$ 7,095.30	0.215226981
5	Net Margin
		Net Profit Before Tax	$ 172.40	0.030632552	$ 233.20	0.034022438	$ 249.80	0.035206404
		Sales	$ 5,628.00	0.030632552	$ 6,854.30	0.034022438	$ 7,095.30	0.035206404

ASSET MANAGEMENT RATIOS: Overall Efficiency Ratios
6	Sales-to-Assets
		Sales	$ 5,628.00	2.294988378	$ 6,854.30	2.723743294	$ 7,095.30	2.836871776
		Total Assets	$ 2,452.30	2.294988378	$ 2,516.50	2.723743294	$ 2,501.10	2.836871776
7	Return on Assets
		Net Profit Before Tax	$ 259.20	0.105696693	$ 334.50	0.13292271	$ 358.90	0.143496861
		Total Assets	$ 2,452.30	0.105696693	$ 2,516.50	0.13292271	$ 2,501.10	0.143496861
8	Return on Investment
		Net Profit Before Tax	$ 259.20	0.105696693	$ 334.50	0.176498523	$ 358.90	0.17187051
		Net Worth	$ 2,452.30	0.105696693	$ 1,895.20	0.176498523	$ 2,088.20	0.17187051

ASSET MANAGEMENT RATIOS: Working Capital Cycle Ratios
9	Inventory Turnover
		Cost of Goods Sold	$ (4,397.50)	-5.11396674	$ (5,384.10)	-6.042082819	$ (5,568.20)	-6.27968873
		Inventory	$ 859.90	-5.11396674	$ 891.10	-6.042082819	$ 886.70	-6.27968873
10	Inventory Turn-Days
		360	360	0.418653332	360	0.403995062	360	0.405999774
		Inventory Turnover	$ 859.90	0.418653332	$ 891.10	0.403995062	$ 886.70	0.405999774
11	Accounts Receivable Turnover
		Sales	$ 5,628.00	28.6266531	$ 6,854.30	33.48461163	$ 7,095.30	30.06483051
		Accounts Receivable	$ 196.60	28.6266531	$ 204.70	33.48461163	$ 236.00	30.06483051

Trends:

Current Ratio is the important ratio of the company. It will show that how company will pay the current liabilities. It is comparatively similar in every year.
The ratio of liquidity will clear out that the company is viable to pay the liquid liabilities. It should be less than 1. The company is having good liquid ratios, and it is maintained in all the 3 years.
The ratio of net worth will clear out that at either company assets are justifying with the company equity or not. It should not be overvalued or undervalued. The company is also having similar net worth ratio in all the years.
The net margin will show the profitability of the company. It will shoe either company is profit making or not (JB HI Fi Group, 2019).
The return on assets will show that how much of the assets had been utilised. How much profit they are giving.
All the contribution in equity is from the shareholders, and it also comprises of the retained earnings and reserves.

2.3 Perform a non-current asset analysis

Carrying Amount end of the year	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19
Plant & Equipment	148.2	148.2	132.3
Leasehold Improvements	60	60	59.2

Depreciation	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19
Plant & Equipment	138.5	162.4	196.3
Leasehold Improvements	97.3	113.9	130.2

Carrying Amount beg. of the year	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19
Plant & Equipment	114.8	148.2	148.2
Leasehold Improvements	61.4	60	60

The fixed assets are consisting of the plant & equipment.
The life of the estimates is as follows:
Leasehold Property: 1 to 15 years
Plant and Equipment: 1.5 to 15 years
The impairment will be done as per the change in circumstances.

2.4 Perform a scenario analysis with data provided

Average selling price		$ 25.00
Expected sale		450000
equipment cost		$ 2,500,000.00
Residual Value		$ 500,000.00
Working Capital		$ 800,000.00
Depreciation		SLM
Variable cost		$ 15.00
Fixed cost		$ 450,000.00
Discount rate		12%
Tax Rate		30%

Year		1year		2 year	3 year		4 year
Sales		11250000		11250000	11250000		11250000
Variable cost		6750000		6750000	6750000		6750000
Contribution		4500000		4500000	4500000		4500000
Fixed cost		450000		450000	450000		450000
Depreciation		500000		500000	500000		500000
Operating Profit		3550000		3550000	3550000		3550000
Tax		1065000		1065000	1065000		1065000
PAT		2485000		2485000	2485000		2485000
Depreciation		500000		500000	500000		500000
Working Capital							800000
Residual Value							500000
Free Cash Flows		2985000		2985000	2985000		4285000
Discounted Value		0.892857143		0.79719	0.71178		0.63552
Discounted Inflows		2665178.571		2379624	2124664		2723195


Outflow		$ 3,300,000.00
Inflow		9892661.302
NRV		$ 6,592,661.30
Average selling price		$ 20.00
Expected sale		450000
equipment cost		$ 2,500,000.00
Residual Value		$ 500,000.00
Working Capital		$ 800,000.00
Depreciation		SLM
Variable cost		$ 15.00
Fixed cost		$ 450,000.00
Discount rate		12%
Tax Rate	30%

Year	1year		2 year			3 year		4 year
Sales	9000000		9000000			9000000		9000000
Variable cost	6750000		6750000			6750000		6750000
Contribution	2250000		2250000			2250000		2250000
Fixed cost	450000		450000			450000		450000
Depreciation	500000		500000			500000		500000
Operating Profit	1300000		1300000			1300000		1300000
Tax	390000		390000			390000		390000
PAT	910000		910000			910000		910000
Depreciation	500000		500000			500000		500000
Working Capital								800000
Residual Value								500000
Free Cash Flows	1410000		1410000			1410000		2710000
Discounted Value	0.892857143		0.79719			0.71178		0.63552
Discounted Inflows	1258928.571		1124043.367			1003610.149		1722254


Outflow	$ 3,300,000.00
Inflow	5108836.081
NRV	$ 1,808,836.08




Average selling price	$ 25.00
Expected sale	360000
equipment cost	$ 2,500,000.00
Residual Value	$ 500,000.00
Working Capital	$ 800,000.00
Depreciation	SLM
Variable cost	$ 15.00
Fixed cost	$ 450,000.00
Discount rate	12%
Tax Rate	30%

Year	1year		2 year			3 year		4 year
Sales	9000000		9000000			9000000		9000000
Variable cost	5400000		5400000			5400000		5400000
Contribution	3600000		3600000			3600000		3600000
Fixed cost	360000		360000			360000		360000
Depreciation	500000		500000			500000		500000
Operating Profit	2740000		2740000			2740000		2740000
Tax	822000		822000			822000		822000
PAT	1918000		1918000			1918000		1918000
Depreciation	500000		500000			500000		500000
Working Capital								800000
Residual Value								500000
Free Cash Flows	2418000		2418000			2418000		3718000
Discounted Value	0.892857143		0.79719			0.71178		0.63552
Discounted Inflows	2158928.571		1927614.796			1721084.639		2362856


Outflow	$ 3,300,000.00
Inflow	8170484.222
NRV	$ 4,870,484.22



Average selling price	$ 25.00
Expected sale	450000
equipment cost	$ 2,500,000.00
Residual Value	$ 500,000.00
Working Capital	$ 800,000.00
Depreciation	SLM
Variable cost	$ 29.80
Fixed cost	$ 450,000.00
Discount rate	12%
Tax Rate	30%

Year	1year		2 year			3 year		4 year
Sales	11250000		11250000			11250000		11250000
Variable cost	13410000		13410000			13410000		13410000
Contribution	-2160000		-2160000			-2160000		-2160000
Fixed cost	450000		450000			450000		450000
Depreciation	500000		500000			500000		500000
Operating Profit	-3110000		-3110000			-3110000		-3110000
Tax	-933000		-933000			-933000		-933000
PAT	-2177000		-2177000			-2177000		-2177000
Depreciation	500000		500000			500000		500000
Working Capital								800000
Residual Value								500000
Free Cash Flows	-1677000		-1677000			-1677000		-377000
Discounted Value	0.892857143		0.79719			0.71178		0.63552
Discounted Inflows	-1497321.429		-1336894.133			-1193655.476		-239590


Outflow	$ 3,300,000.00
Inflow	-4267461.352
NRV	$ (7,567,461.35)

Worst Case

Average selling price	$ 25.00
Expected sale	450000
equipment cost	$ 2,500,000.00
Residual Value	$ 500,000.00
Working Capital	$ 800,000.00
Depreciation	SLM
Variable cost	$ 15.00
Fixed cost	$ 550,000.00
Discount rate	12%
Tax Rate	30%

Year	1year		2 year			3 year		4 year
Sales	11250000		11250000			11250000		11250000
Variable cost	6750000		6750000			6750000		6750000
Contribution	4500000		4500000			4500000		4500000
Fixed cost	$ 550,000.00		$ 550,000.00			550000		550000
Depreciation	500000		500000			500000		500000
Operating Profit	3450000		3450000			3450000		3450000
Tax	1035000		1035000			1035000		1035000
PAT	2415000		2415000			2415000		2415000
Depreciation	500000		500000			500000		500000
Working Capital								800000
Residual Value								500000
Free Cash Flows	2915000		2915000			2915000		4215000
Discounted Value	0.892857143		0.79719			0.71178		0.63552
Discounted Inflows	2602678.571		2323820.153			2074839.422		2678709

Sensitivity Analysis
Outflow	$ 3,300,000.00
Inflow	9680046.847
NRV	$ 6,380,046.85


Unit Drivers			Expected NRV			Revised NRV		Change in %
Unit Sales (-20%)			$ 6,592,661.30			$ 1,808,836.08		73%
Per Unit (-20%)			$ 6,592,661.30			$ 4,870,484.22		26%
Variable Cost (+20%)			$ 6,592,661.30			$ (7,567,461.35)		215%
Cash Fixed Cost (+100000)			$ 6,592,661.30			$ 6,380,046.85		3%

Good Case

Average selling price	$ 30.00
Expected sale	450000
equipment cost	$ 2,500,000.00
Residual Value	$ 500,000.00
Working Capital	$ 800,000.00
Depreciation	SLM
Variable cost	$ 15.00
Fixed cost	$ 450,000.00
Discount rate	12%
Tax Rate	30%

Year	1year	2 year	3 year	4 year
Sales	13500000	13500000	13500000	13500000
Variable cost	6750000	6750000	6750000	6750000
Contribution	6750000	6750000	6750000	6750000
Fixed cost	450000	450000	450000	450000
Depreciation	500000	500000	500000	500000
Operating Profit	5800000	5800000	5800000	5800000
Tax	1740000	1740000	1740000	1740000
PAT	4060000	4060000	4060000	4060000
Depreciation	500000	500000	500000	500000
Working Capital				800000
Residual Value				500000
Free Cash Flows	4560000	4560000	4560000	5860000
Discounted Value	0.892857143	0.79719	0.71178	0.63552
Discounted Inflows	4071428.571	3635204.082	3245717.93	3724136


Outflow	$ 3,300,000.00
Inflow	14676486.52
NRV	$ 11,376,486.52




Average selling price	$ 25.00
Expected sale	540000
equipment cost	$ 2,500,000.00
Residual Value	$ 500,000.00
Working Capital	$ 800,000.00
Depreciation	SLM
Variable cost	$ 15.00
Fixed cost	$ 450,000.00
Discount rate	12%
Tax Rate	30%

Year	1year	2 year	3 year	4 year
Sales	13500000	13500000	13500000	13500000
Variable cost	8100000	8100000	8100000	8100000
Contribution	5400000	5400000	5400000	5400000
Fixed cost	540000	540000	540000	540000
Depreciation	500000	500000	500000	500000
Operating Profit	4360000	4360000	4360000	4360000
Tax	1308000	1308000	1308000	1308000
PAT	3052000	3052000	3052000	3052000
Depreciation	500000	500000	500000	500000
Working Capital				800000
Residual Value				500000
Free Cash Flows	3552000	3552000	3552000	4852000
Discounted Value	0.892857143	0.79719	0.71178	0.63552
Discounted Inflows	3171428.571	2831632.653	2528243.44	3083534


Outflow	$ 3,300,000.00
Inflow	11614838.38
NRV	$ 8,314,838.38



Average selling price	$ 25.00
Expected sale	450000
equipment cost	$ 2,500,000.00
Residual Value	$ 500,000.00
Working Capital	$ 800,000.00
Depreciation	SLM
Variable cost	$ 12.00
Fixed cost	$ 450,000.00
Discount rate	12%
Tax Rate	30%

Year	1year	2 year	3 year	4 year
Sales	11250000	11250000	11250000	11250000
Variable cost	5400000	5400000	5400000	5400000
Contribution	5850000	5850000	5850000	5850000
Fixed cost	450000	450000	450000	450000
Depreciation	500000	500000	500000	500000
Operating Profit	4900000	4900000	4900000	4900000
Tax	1470000	1470000	1470000	1470000
PAT	3430000	3430000	3430000	3430000
Depreciation	500000	500000	500000	500000
Working Capital				800000
Residual Value				500000
Free Cash Flows	3930000	3930000	3930000	5230000
Discounted Value	0.892857143	0.79719	0.71178	0.63552
Discounted Inflows	3508928.571	3132971.939	2797296.374	3323760


Outflow	$ 3,300,000.00
Inflow	12762956.43
NRV	$ 9,462,956.43



Average selling price	$ 25.00
Expected sale	450000
equipment cost	$ 2,500,000.00
Residual Value	$ 500,000.00
Working Capital	$ 800,000.00
Depreciation	SLM
Variable cost	$ 15.00
Fixed cost	$ 550,000.00
Discount rate	12%
Tax Rate	30%

Year	1year	2 year	3 year	4 year
Sales	11250000	11250000	11250000	11250000
Variable cost	6750000	6750000	6750000	6750000
Contribution	4500000	4500000	4500000	4500000
Fixed cost	$ 550,000.00	$ 550,000.00	550000	550000
Depreciation	500000	500000	500000	500000
Operating Profit	3450000	3450000	3450000	3450000
Tax	1035000	1035000	1035000	1035000
PAT	2415000	2415000	2415000	2415000
Depreciation	500000	500000	500000	500000
Working Capital				800000
Residual Value				500000
Free Cash Flows	2915000	2915000	2915000	4215000
Discounted Value	0.892857143	0.79719	0.71178	0.63552
Discounted Inflows	2602678.571	2323820.153	2074839.422	2678709


Outflow	$ 3,300,000.00
Inflow	9680046.847
NRV	$ 6,380,046.85

Sensitivity Analysis
Unit Drivers		Expected NRV	Revised NRV	Change in %
Unit Sales (-20%)		$ 6,592,661.30	$ 11,376,486.52	-73%
Per Unit (-20%)		$ 6,592,661.30	$ 8,314,838.38	-26%
Variable Cost (+20%)		$ 6,592,661.30	$ 9,462,956.43	-44%
Cash Fixed Cost (+100000)		$ 6,592,661.30	$ 6,380,046.85	3%

2.5 Identify and discuss any latest share or bond issuance by the selected company

JB Hi Fi Company is officially listed on Australia Stock Exchange on 23/10/2003. The issuer code of the company is JBH. According to the rating companies risks are balanced. The shares applied in 2019 have been raised 50%. The stock price have been listed recently is ₹ 34.860 with the increase of Rs +0.520 and +1.51% has been raised according to the relevant sources referred by the JB HI FI company. The company’s trends changes and fluctuations takes place.

Jb Hi Fi Company has been operated as a listed holding company in Australia. The company consists of most popular and trusted retail brands of home appliances whether major appliances and small appliances, home entertainment appliances etc are operated mainly in Australia (Goldstein, et. al., 2017). These brands are JB HI-FI and The Good Guys. The Good Guys is the subsidiary company of JB HI-FI Company. The capital structure of the company can be analyzed by latest statistics referred from the Wall Street Journal.

Total Debt to Total Equity has been checked as 42.06.

Total Debt to Total Capital is seen as 29.60.

Total Debt to Total Assets ratios has been got 17.23.

Interest Coverage received as 31.78

Long-Term Debt to Equity Ratio we got is as 42.06.

Long-Term Debt to Total Capitalism 29.60.
Long-Term Debt to Assets ratio by the company is 0.17.

2.6 Calculate and discuss the PE ratios and share price movement of the selected company through 3 years.

PE Ratio means the price earnings ratio. The company PE ratio will show the actual market position of the company (Becker & Ivashina, 2015).The Highest the PE ratio the highest the company valuation. The company use this as an important analytical tool for the investors. It will be calculates as

P/E Ratio = Earnings per share / Market value per share

The PE ratio of the year 2019 is 16.0. This will show that the company is having good financial position and will have good image in the market.

The following graph will show you the movement of the PE ratio in the last years

(Figure: PE ratio)

(Figure: PE ratio)

(Source: Stockpedia, 2019)

III Recommendation letter

It is recommended that the Jb Hi Fi Australian Company to all the investors as it follows all the basic and ethical behaviour and code of conduct necessary to follow by everyone. The directors, staff and employees expect all the guidelines are followed. As we have look upon the comprehensive examination and analysed the firm’s financial performance from the updated financial statements of JB Hi Fi Australia.

This time company is growing with the increasing trend. The only competitor in front of JBH is KGN that’s Kogan limited. This time the sales have been hiked 3.5% to 7.1% billion in 2019. In order to have safe and easy returns investors can invest in the company.

Being an investment analyst, it is recommended to all the investors to invest in the Jb Hi Fi.The Company is performing well in the year 2019 and can write many stories of success in the upcoming years. The share price fluctuations are normal of JB HI FI. Company is viable to pay the liquid liabilities.

After going through a quick replay of the above questions, PEratiooftheyear2019is16.0it is clear that company is having good financial position and have good image in the market.

IV Conclusions

JB Hi Fi Company is a progressive company. It has set a benchmark for all those who wish to invest in home appliances products such as electronic appliances whether major or small appliances belonging to the company under the name JB Hi Fi. According to the statistical analysis we can say that company shows the best work done in 2019. We came to know about all the details of the company, because we studied the entire financial situation thoroughly.

The data has been researched and finalized with an accurate analysis of its condition, leading to the conclusion that JB Hi Fi has a strong position in Australia. In 2018, the price to income ratio was 18 xs. The higher the price to income ratio, the more optimistic the buyer will be about the company’s future performance. A company can reduce the price to income ratio by purchasing debt and spending cash. If the price to income ratio increases then it is better to deal in other companies rather than Jb Hi Fi Australia company.

References

Becker, B., & Ivashina, V. (2015). Reaching for yield in the bond market. The Journal of Finance, 70(5), 1863-1902.
Goldstein, I., Jiang, H., & Ng, D. T. (2017). Investor flows and fragility in corporate bond funds. Journal of Financial Economics, 126(3), 592-613.
Huo, B. (2012). The impact of supply chain integration on company performance: an organizational capability perspective. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(6), 596-610.
JB HI FI GROUP. (2019). Reports. [Online]. JB HI FI GROUP. http://annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/J/ASX_JBH_2017.pdf [Accessed on 20.09.2019].
Stockpedia. (2019).PE ratio. [Online] Stockpedai. Available at https://investors.jbhifi.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/4E_FY19.pdf. [Accessed on 20.09.2019].
Talari, S., Shafie-Khah, M., Siano, P., Loia, V., Tommasetti, A., & Catalão, J. (2017). A review of smart cities based on the internet of things concept. Energies, 10(4), 421.
Tandon, K., & Malhotra, N. (2013). Determinants of stock prices: Empirical evidence from NSE 100 companies. International Journal of Research in Management & Technology (IJRMT), ISSN, 2249, 9563.

Executive summary

Aristocratic leisure limited company is the Australia based company that deals in manufacturer of a Casino gaming system, and also provide international game technology. Aristocratic Leisure Company is the leader. The company gained 60 per cent share in the market to become the leader of the country. Aristocratic Leisure Company not only provides equipment to the company that deals with gaming system but also provide furniture and the major equipment to the other company also. The company also deals globally too as they support and supply the gaming system, and manufacture the furniture and equipment that is relevant to the casino based industry or gaming industry the country such as New Zealand, Japan, Europe and South American countries. They build a link between these country and supply material and equipment to them. The company is listed in the Australian stock exchange. In 2002 Aristocratic earn $976 million.

The company basic distribution or supply deals in the floor model type of equipment in the market. The company expanding its business and keep concentrate on producing large scale market by fulfilling the existing market demand and by structuring the future market for the company. The aristocratic leisure limited company will do all the above things by making strategies and forecasting and by implementing continuous improvement and by strategizing innovation.

Hence through this aristocratic leisure limited company will become the market leader and keep sustain this position by implementing the new and innovative strategies. Thus, they will taste the feeling of the market leader.

Company background

Aristocratic leisure limited company is the Australian based company that deals in manufacturing the gaming system for the casino and poker games and also develop and innovate the design time to time as according to the changes in the market and customer urging. Aristocratic leisure limited company is the market leader of a particular market. Aristocratic leisure limited company is the company that focuses on designing innovative gaming system that fascinates the audience and the customer and stimulate them to play it. Aristocratic leisure limited company becomes the leader of the market by sustaining 60 per cent market share. The company is also listed in Australia stock exchange.

Aristocratic leisure limited company not only provides a gaming system to the other company but also provide technical support too. The games that are virtually visible but also exist in actual version such as poker and casino game ranges are covered both digital as well as an existing market too. The customer usually plays this game for fun and for following their luck factor to earn money and pleasure by playing these games. The company diversified its market into different origins such as the diversification done as per the market structure and customer preferences. The company also provide furniture and gaming equipment with the innovative and exciting and attractive design model.

Hence, aristocratic leisure limited company as its name suggest the occupation of the company, the company have done proper branding as the person understand before buying the product, the company services and the product they deal in. The aristocratic company keep delivering their product overseas also as they building a link between the companies and also build collaboration that leads to increase the market value and the benefit of gaining trust from the shareholders and investors.

Thus, the company aims is to accomplish the present objective and building trust and simultaneously the company needs to focus on the planning and decision making to become the market leader and sustain that position in their upcoming years.

Business strategy analysis

The business strategy analysis is done with the help of porter fiver force models that reflect some point that helps to know the exact view and the strategy the is followed by the aristocratic leisure limited company is beneficial for firm growth or not. The company should aware of their competitor, customer, supplier and the substitute for their product so that they can make better arrangement and adjustment in their strategy to sustain that existing position and build their company position strong (Morden,2016).

Porter five force models are as follows:

(Sources: Aithal, 2016)

These are the five force model element that leads to analysing business strategy:

The entry of new substitute product:

The entry of the new substitute for the company product is the threat for the leading company as if the substitute will increase the threat will also increase on the company as it leads to diminishing the market share of the company. the company will face active competition with these substitute as the product quality differ but the efficiency that the company bring sis the same as in the case of the substitute product. So, because of this the substitute product entry will grab the customer that have less affordability power and lessen the chance of diverting this customer towards the company. Hence, to maintaining the flows and structuring the new customer is aware of the number of Substitute Company available in the market (Aithal, 2016).

The threat of competitor rivalry

The company faces various attack of competitor through their new innovative strategies and high range of product, the competition will be analysed by evaluating the market shareholder and the by the estimating and comparing the company balance sheet and their income statement with the competitor statement it will clear all the picture and convey the company about preparing their next step to be that impactful as it gives tough competition to the competitor or rival.

Number of suppliers

The company have to analysis their existing supplier so that they can make a choice between them and also analyse the supplier cost and the value that will adjust the sufficient profit for the year. The company should choose their supplier by tasting their material quality and quantity they offer in the reasonable cost range.

Buying power of customer

The company should make sure the buying power of the customer. Especially the company will make such a decision and considered these point if they thinking about expanding their market in the new region or originating new product. The company should analyse the customer demographically as well as by estimating existing customer.

The threat of new entry

Aristocratic leisure limited company should analyse the new entrant that can destroy their market. The company should focus on learning about new entrants keep analyse the market. So that they will easily save them from this kind of threat.

Hence are some analysis that may help aristocratic leisure company to analyse the market and make adjustment and changes according to the result they will gather after evaluating and formulating the above criteria and then make strategies according to it and focus on the threat areas that they will suffer if they will not take any initiative to take certain decision and policies to become stronger in the market and lead the country (Kabue, & Kilika, 2016).

Discussion about any accounting adjustment

Aristocratic leisure company keep focused on the accomplishment of the desired objective. The accomplishment will be done through various stages.

The company need to make the various report and formulization to gather the cost efficiency, the finance manager engages in comparison process so that for the future they can make a plan with least cost and with high benefit.

The various accounting adjustment has to be made to know the exact issue and performance that is carried out by the company experts and professional.

The company processes ratio analysis to let know the current flow, liquidity in the company, return on equity and also gather the net profit margin that has been reached in the particular year.

The accounting adjustment that the company essentially required to gather the equity information so that they can distribute the dividend effectively.

Another accounting adjustment that must be considered while preparing ratios is to make sure assets and liabilities are correctly calculated and all the information is reliable and valid till that year respect. So that they will cover all the ratios effectively and correctly and with valid transparency.

Hence, these are some accounting adjustment that should be considered by Aristocratic leisure limited company while comparing, calculating, classifying or while summarizing all the data that is gathered for the particular year or the particular period.

Income statement for the three year
Particular	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19
revenue	$2,128.70	$2,454	$3,549.80
less: cost of revenue	($872.70)	($967.60)	($1,577.50)
gross profit	$3,001.40	$3,421.40	$5,127.30
OTHER INCOME	11.6	10	13.5
Design and development cost	($239.20)	($268.40)	($413.60)
sales and marketing cost	($119.50)	($116.80)	($181.30)
general and administrative cost	($301.50)	($302.20)	($512.50)
finance cost	($100.20)	($62.70)	($115.30)
profit before income tax expenses	($748.80)	($740.10)	($1,209.20)
income tax expenses	($156.70)	($233.00)	($220.50)
net profit after income tax	($592.10)	($507.10)	($988.70)

Balance sheet for the three year
Particulars	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19
Contributed Equity	$693.80	$715.10	$715.10
Reserves	-$55.70	-$116.80	-$23.50
Retained earnings	$437.40	$747.30	$1,040.90
Total Equity	$1,075.50	$1,345.60	$1,732.50
Cash and Cash Equivalent	$283.20	$547.10	$428.10
Other Current Assets	$591.90	$647.90	$924.00
Property, Plant and Equipment	$217.50	$241.30	$389.30
Intangible Assets	$1,736.50	$1,687.70	$3,898.80
Other non-current assets	$158.60	$168.90	$206.60
Total Assets	$2,987.70	$3,292.90	$5,846.80
Current Payables and other liabilities	$434.90	$460.00	$821.10
Current borrowings		$0.10
Current tax liabilities and provisions	$114.30	$193.00	$196.40
Non-current borrowings	$1,287.80	$1,199.30	$2,881.10
Non-current provisions	$13.40	$13.80	$13.80
Other non-current liabilities	$61.80	$81.10	$201.90
Total liabilities	$1,912.20	$1,947.30	$4,114.30
Net assets	$1,075.50	$1,345.60	$1,732.50

Cash flow statement
Particulars	2016-2017	2017-2018	2018-2019
Net cash flow from operating activity	$680.50	$799.10	$933.80
Net cash flow from investing activity	-$209.30	-$236.50	-$2,207.60
Net cash inflow from financing activity	-$506.40	-$296.60	$1,135.20

DuPont analysis
Sino.		Particular	2016-17$		2017-18$		2018-19$
1	net profit margin	Net Profit Before Tax	$507.20	0.238267487	$728.10	0.296723449	$867.60	0.239397368
		Sales	$ 2,128.70		$2,453.80		$3,624.10


2	Assets turnover	Sales	$2,128.70	0.712487867	$2,453.80	0.745179022	$3,624.10	0.619843333
		Total assets	$2,987.70		$3,292.90		$5,846.80

3	Financial leverage	total assets	$2,987.70	2.777963738	$3,292.90	$2.45	$5,846.80	$3.37
		total equity	$1,075.50		$1,345.60		1,732.50

	DuPont analysis	net profit marginasset turnover financial leverage
		2016-2017$	0.471594607
		2017-2018$	$0.54
		2018-2019$	$0.50

value of firm = market value of common equity + market value of preferred equity + market value of debt + minority interest-cash and cash investments
value of equity = share price * shares outstanding
value of firm	3168.1
value of equity	$54,781.65

share price	$31.62

Justification of Assumption

If Aristocratic Company follows the entire relevant element while studying and analysing the market they will gain growth in the market.

If the aristocratic company should focus on analysing new entrant, as it reflects the knowledge with regards to new company their product specialization and their impact on the company share.

The company will also do these analyses to distinct their market from the competitor market.

The company will also know their customer belief and trust factor for knowing the customer value towards the company.

Hence these are some assumption that leads to make changes in the company and result in the accomplishment of the objective, mission and vision of the company. Thus this will lead to the growth of the company.

The firm is earning a net profit in the year is $3.62bn as compare to the year 2017 it is higher that is $2.62bn that reflect that the company successfully maintained their revenue every year and stabilize the firm growth by implementing best strategies and gaining sufficient amount of output.

Hence it clears that Aristocratic leisure limited company keep doing business strategies analysis to keep sustain in the market by increasing in their revenue with increment to the shares in the market (William & Dobelman, 2017).

Comparison of the firm growth rate through comparison between the preceding three years profit and loss account:

In 2018 the company is earning higher profit as compared to their previous year net profit that is $867m.it showcase that the company is in the stable and following growth rate formulae to accomplish the objective to become the market as well as a global leader.

In comparison with the balance sheet of the company is well organized as compared to the previous year as it contains more positive balance than a negative balance.

The company performance is also improved as compared to previous performance scale.

The company revenue also increases as compared to previous year revenue that is $3624.1 that is in 2017is $2453.8 that showcase the massive hike in the current revenue.

The company cash flow statement is reflecting better result as compare to previous year cash flow statement.

Hence if the company lookout overall change it is favourable and great changes that occur during this year and the company also holds the opportunity to give a higher dividend to their shareholder and their partners. Aristocratic Leisure Company is enjoying immense growth rates and that will engage them to think upon to formulate better prospectus and plan to enjoy that sustainability again (Schroeder, et.al., 2019).

Company future pre-assumption regarding their growth rate

Aristocratic leisure limited company keeps focusing on becoming the market as well as a global gaming company that provides a variety of gaming system all over the world and the company basic vision is to expand its business globally.

The adjustment is being made to keep the objective in mind. Aristocratic leisure limited company keep changes their product ranges and keep producing the latest and upgraded games with the digital format as well as real word format too.

The keep adheres to design best and innovative game ranges with attractive packing and with the exciting format of the games. The technical team of aristocratic leisure limited company keep indulging themselves in achieving the desired objective by building the best version of their next gaming ranges. so that this will help the company to set up the product into a new market with an existing position as this will helps to grab market penetration and further, it will result in increasing the product sales and automatically will result in gaining high amount of profit.

The benefit of this entire will later share with their shareholder and this will increase the trust of the shareholders on the company and encourage them to put more investment and proposed more proposals and give the chance to take the opportunity to initiate the same.

Hence Aristocratic company focuses on sustainability in the position and development in the gaming system with fastest and innovative gaming product and to have customer belief and trust with affordable pricing with before earning sufficient amount of profit and also to increase the market value of the company (Stindt, et.al.,2017).

Conclusion about the value of the firm and value of equity

Aristocratic leisure company is enjoying better position in the market in the year 2018 as in this year their revenue is raised by 2.5 per cent that results in high profitability and with the essence of the good services and product deliverability they urge more customer trust result assigning leading position in the Australian market as well as they successfully publish themselves in the global market too. The value that aristocratic company opt in the global market is they grab 2.56 per cent of their market value there that leads them to expand their business in other countries too. The responses will give them the confidence to raise their market overseas too. The value of equity that they distribute in the year 2018 is contributing equity is $715.1 and the amount that put in reserve is $(23.5) and the retained earnings that the company $1040.9 and the total value of equity that has been arising after separating all these amounts is $1732.5. The equity value of the company is also rise as compare to previous year equity that is $1345.6 that means the company has been successfully increase their equity value in the market with means that they sustain their equity share in the domestic market as they listed themselves in the stock exchange of Australia that becomes the responsibility of the company to raise their market value to secure their funds in the stock exchange market and add up the value every year to gain valuable market share , bonus and also it will be secure as for future investment purpose . Hence, the company is raising its market value year by year and enjoying the leading position in the domestic market as well as in the global market.

References

Aithal, P. S. (2016). Study on ABCD analysis technique for business models, business strategies, operating concepts & business systems. International Journal in Management and Social Science, 4(1).

Aristocratic leisure limited (2019) about us [online] Aristocratic leisure limited available at https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/99/Aristocrat-Leisure-Limited.html [access on 31 October 2019]

Aristocratic leisure limited (2019) annual report [online] Aristocratic leisure limited available at https://ir.aristocrat.com/static-files/8a63b725-9d18-403b-a6cb-ae3b6af43acc[access on 31 October 2019]

Kabue, L. W., & Kilika, J. M. (2016). Firm resources, core competencies and sustainable competitive advantage: An integrative theoretical framework. Journal of management and strategy, 7(1), 98-108.

Morden, T. (2016). Principles of strategic management. Routledge.

Schroeder, R. G., Clark, M. W., & Cathey, J. M. (2019). Financial accounting theory and analysis: text and cases. John Wiley & Sons.

Stindt, D., Quariguasi Frota Neto, J., Nuss, C., Dirr, M., Jakowczyk, M., Gibson, A., & Tuma, A. (2017). On the attractiveness of product recovery: The forces that shape reverse markets. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 21(4), 980-994.

Williams, E. E., & Dobelman, J. A. (2017). Financial statement analysis. World Scientific Book Chapters, 109-169.

Abstract

In this study, two major companies have to be selected which should be listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. The companies name is Dexsus and Goodman companies, where both companies are listed in ASX real estate property dealing services. This reading will explain and compare between the Balance sheet, Items listed in these financial statements in the sections of owners’ equity and liability. This study will reveal and analyse the procedure of the preceding three-yearly movements of profit and loss of both companies.

Introduction

This research & study will reveal and determine the essential points that explain the significance of regulating financial accounting and management in the company. This reporting will explain the condition of the manager if they would able to disclose the information related to a financial decision or not. The assignment will also highlight the nature of the study and rules and regulation of the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) in terms of setting accounting standards worldwide. It will describe the reason why the IASB is not regarded as mandatory for IASB members. Focusing on sole purposes of this part, in this research and the two companies from similar industries has been chosen and they are included in the Australian Security Exchange. Companies names are Dexsus and Goodman and both are from the Real Estate industry. The annual reports of these companies could be analysed from last three years in which proper analysis will be made related to items of equity, debt and revenue relation and so on. Companies balance sheet, the consolidated financial statement of profit and loss and annual report will be discussed based on last three years data including the list of equity, debts and revenue of the organisation.

Part A

(i) What items have been recorded under the owners’ equity section? Clearly explain.

Focusing on sole purposes of this part, in this research and the two companies from similar industries has been chosen and they are included in the Australian Security Exchange. Companies names are Dexsus and Goodman and both are from the Real Estate industry. The annual reports of these companies could be analysed from last three years in which proper analysis will be made related to items of equity, debt and revenue relation and so on.

The items mentioned in the list of equities are paid-up capital, reserve surpluses, retaining earning and accumulated loss for the company.

Capital Issues and paid-up capital:The share that has been allotted and issued to the stakeholders of the company. These shares are allotted are entitled from the part of authorised capital. Issued capital in the form of total authorised capital, so in the case of Dexus the total issued capital would be $4516 m. and in the case of Goodman, the total authorised capital is $56715 m, from which the issues capital is $4315 m.
Reserves: reserves are an option in the assets where the company can attain high liquid and easily convertible into fund and cash to meet future and basic deadlines. These finds can be used for an emergency and establish a similar entitlement of the projects.

Retained earnings and accumulated losses:

Retained earnings and accumulated income can be considered as an aggregated net income of the companies which is accumulated by the companies, it is incepted accordingly establishment of the current dates of the financial reporting (Tykvová & Borell, 2012).

Accumulated losses define the deficit and losses of the companies where the retained earnings of the companies become negative. These accumulated losses cumulatively incurred by the accounting standards since the part of inception.

(ii) Explain the movement in each item recorded under the owner equity section with the reason.

Issued capital: the issues capital of the company name Dexsus has been increased over last financial Years which was $4536 in FY2015 and increased by $1390 in FY2018. These could be happened due to the issuance of more shares of common stocks that raised the capital budgeting in regards to funding business operational tasks. On the other side, the capital budgeting and issues capital have been reduced by $2935 in the comparison of the last three years.

Reserves: the reserves of all two companies discussed above have been increased and fluctuating from last 3 years FY 2015 TO 2018. The reserves have been increasing in both companies’ cases because firms are not able to set more financial actions and meeting the uncertainties in the companies (Bobryshev, et. al., 2014).

Accumulated losses and retained earnings: for the financial years 2015, including FY16 & FY17-18, Both firms have been accumulated losses that have been increased rapidly. Both companies have bearing great attentive losses due to negative operational profits and purposes.

(iii) What items have been recorded under the liabilities section? Clearly explain.

Liabilities are the commitment and obligations of the companies. Liabilities are taken as those amounts where companies need to meet their short terms and long-term obligations to owe the creditors. In the format of the account, these words as Payable can be used generally for meeting liabilities.

The creditor is also an asset of the companies where they usually receive an advance for future assistance and help referred to liabilities. Following are the illustrations of liabilities described as the balance sheet of Dexsus and Goodman Ltd.:

Accounting payable
Salary payable
Interest payable
Wages payable
Deposit to the customers
Warranties
Lawsuits to the customers
Unearned bond
Unearned revenue
Other accrued payables
Income tax payables
Bond payables

Normally accounts related to liabilities shows credit and debit both balances, where liabilities account debit balance keep negative and opposite credit balance in a liability account.

Following transactions can be taken as Dexsus and Goodman limited includes:

Discounted notes payable

Discounted bond bob

Cost bond issues

Cost debt issues.

Current Customers’ problems,

(iv) Explain the movement in each item recorded under liabilities section with reason.

There are two types of liabilities one is current and other is non-current liabilities.

Short terms Liabilities
Long term liabilities

Current liabilities and long-term liabilities:

Both companies name Dexsus and Goodman have been creating a debt of $3023 and $4098 in last three years. there are no genuine changes in the debt of both of the companies. Principle amount should be shared as several long-term liabilities. Interest on loans cannot be decided and considered as pure liabilities before relating it to the future. Unpaid interest can be figured out as a liability until the balance sheet data has been uncovered (Bobryshev, et. al., 2014).

(iv) Explain the movement in each item recorded under liabilities section with reason.

There are two types of liabilities one is current and other is non-current liabilities.

Current liabilities:

After exercising the Balance Sheets of both of the companies name Dexsus and Goodman, it is observed that both companies have short terms or current liabilities before long terms liabilities to maintain their daily and regular obligations and working expenses. In Dexus, the current liabilities is $8561 Million and in Goodman Limited it is $7416 million in 2016, it has increased in long few years and by $917& $870 million in respect both of the companies Dexsus & Goodman in 2018. Both companies name Dexsus and Goodman have been creating a debt of $3023 and $4098 in last three years. there are no genuine changes in the debt of both of the companies. Principle amount should be shared as several long-term liabilities. Interest on loans cannot be decided and considered as pure liabilities before relating it to the future.

Following current liabilities are:

Wages payable: earned income should be the total income of the employees which he should earn but not received will be counted as wages payable. In most of the companies, employees are being paid in every two weeks, which changes the obligations. In Goodman Ltd. The payment of wages is usually made twice in the month that creates a difference in wages payable calculations in both of the companies.

Interest payable:

Dexus and Goodman company have the same method of purchases of goods and services over the last three years, companies are even given the facilities to the employees and workers to use their credits of such type of purchases (Macht and Weatherston, 2014).

Dividend payable:

Both companies issue stock to their employees and investors and pay them the amount in the consideration of dividend after the declaration, they both owed to shareholders.

Non-Current liabilities:

Liabilities which cannot be used as non-current liabilities, which have their long term duration more than 5 years such as bongs payable have long terms durations, long terms debts, policies can be counted as largest liabilities.

Options of Long-term liabilities:

Warranty Liabilities:

Some liabilities which cannot be accurate or estimated correctly. Estimate amount of the long term warranty can be spent over to repair the product and in given services can be taken as a warranty period.

Lawsuit Payable:

The liability which cannot be anticipated and required more investigations, in the lawsuit payable it considered as probable and with anticipation mark. Anticipation includes the cost of court, attorney and settled fees of the court (Barnes & Smyth, 2013).

(v) Briefly explain the relative advantages or disadvantages of each source of fund.

The company’s sources of fund and its advantages and disadvantages are as follows:

Bank Loan:

Merits of bank loan:

It is easy to receive a large amount and doesn’t take a long period to get it.
Provide secure and stability transactions of money, in today’s day’s banks are providing various tools for the safety of money and the security from false activities/
Obtaining tax benefits: taxes cannot be paid on the earned amount only to pay interest and loans.
It gives the facilities of non-withdrawn amount on earning.

Disadvantages of bank loans:

Rates are very high.
Limitation in withdrawing funds,
High terms and regulation in case of legal works.
Applications of loan, granting, sanctioning the loan- the long procedure is there that we have to follow.

Advantages of equity raising:

No extra charges: there are no internal charges on equity raising from the public requirement.
No payback facilities.
Long term and strong financial growth.
Not long-term procedures we need to follow
Advantages of enhanced procedures and responsibilities.
Figure out of increased equities means increment in the share of profit.

Disadvantages:

Less tax benefit
Compulsory to pay a dividend.
Threat and security issues

Financing Through debt:

Advantages:

Low tax rates.
High tax benefit (Macht& Weatherston, 2014).
Limitation in procedures.

Disadvantages:

High-risk level
Debt equity ratio management is high
Short term source
Long term formalities have to maintain.

Part B

Conduct Research and critically examine the concepts of a small proprietary company, large proprietary company and reporting entity.

When the research and survey were started to figure out the entity of reporting team in the context of regulation of financial accounting in small scale and long term businesses, it is necessary to disclose the financial values and outcomes in interchanging factors, regulations and norms while managing financial reporting. (Collis, 2012). There are some major conflicts in the market related to capital and funding process of financial instruments that are largely being occupied by capitalists, financers and funding organisations. Favourable incentives and interest have become necessary in the financial reporting to amplify and implicate the wealth of the shareholders (Ferreira, et. al., 2012).

Disclosure on material becomes necessary and entering all non-disclosure information are become necessary for firms and small institutions in case of excessing the price level and compare it with the competitors. It became essential for the firm to disclose information correctly so that financial information can be collected effectively. It may increase the interest level of employees and potential investors to assume that there can be right and wrong before taking any investment decision. Non-disclosure of the right information might reduce the interest of potential investors. Sometimes the share prices of the firm bid down and would continuously lose their values in the comparison of competing firms.

In addition to this research, it can be concluded that this proposition can support by the fact of regulating bodies in small and big industries should be both specific in terms of financial decision, market norms and business perspective. It has been found the most of the firm might not willing to disclose the information which could be in favour of their primary competitors. Non-disclosing the details create liabilities and lack of transparency for companies in terms of competitors. Such decisions of non-making disclosure become bad and nonrelevant in the case of measuring benefits which would be economic wide (Acaciacoal,2019).

It became essential for the firm to disclose information correctly so that financial information can be collected effectively. It may increase the interest level of employees and potential investors to assume that there can be right and wrong before taking any investment decision. Non-disclosure of the right information might reduce the interest of potential investors. Sometimes the share prices of the firm bid down and would continuously lose their values in the comparison of competing firms. According to the research, there are many ways to settle down the things with the help of AASB, AASB participates to settle down the accounting standards worldwide. It the major aim of AASN is to figure out the issues of financial reporting across the globe and measure the necessity of developing and managing the financial reporting standards. It helps in creating assurance of documents, maintaining policies, incorporation of documented papers and creating exposure drafts of IASB to encourage the financial reporting procedures in Australia. Furthermore, AASB helps to make effective participation in IASB projects and maintain the documenting procedure with promoting the standards and improve them appropriately (Ferreira, et. al., 2012).

Conclusion

This reading was explained and compared between Balance sheet, Items listed in these financial statements in the sections of owners’ equity and liability. This study revealed and analysed the procedure of the preceding three-yearly movements of profit and loss of both companies. According to the research, there are many ways to settle down the things with the help of AASB, AASB participates to settle down the accounting standards worldwide. It the major aim of AASN is to figure out the issues of financial reporting across the globe and measure the necessity of developing and managing the financial reporting standards. The assignment has also highlighted the nature of the study and rules and regulation of the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) in terms of setting accounting standards worldwide. It was described as the reason, why the IASB is not regarded as mandatory for IASB members.

References

Ai, H. and Kiku, D., 2013. Growth to value: Option exercise and the cross-section of equity returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 107(2), pp.325-349.
Barnes, S. and Smyth, D., 2013. The government’s balance sheet after the crisis: A comprehensive perspective. Irish Fiscal Advisory Council, Dublin.
Bobryshev, A.N., Uryadova, T.N., Lyubenkova, E.P., Yakovenko, V.S. and Alekseeva, O.A., 2014. Analytical and management approach to modelling of the accounting balance sheet. Life Science Journal, 11(8), pp.502-506.
Collis, J., 2012. Determinants of voluntary audit and voluntary full accounts in micro-and non-micro small companies in the UK. Accounting and Business Research, 42(4), pp.441-468.
Ferreira, A.L., Branco, M.C. and Moreira, J.A., 2012. Factors influencing intellectual capital disclosure by Portuguese companies. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 2(2), p.278.
Macht, S.A. and Weatherston, J., 2014. The benefits of online crowdfunding for fund‐seeking business ventures. Strategic Change, 23(1‐2), pp.1-14.
Tykvová, T. and Borell, M., 2012. Do private equity owners increase the risk of financial distress and bankruptcy?. Journal of Corporate Finance, 18(1), pp.138-150.

Introduction:

This assignment describes the significance and the role of an accountant related to his or her, work, job responsibilities, rights and attitudes towards his work. A proper survey and search will be done in the regards of analysing the key accounting roles and profile of an accountant related to ASX companies. This study will include the ways to describe the jobs of corporate accountants, financial accountants and including their duties, required skills and talents. A proper assignment structure will be given in this study, where it will provide knowledge of companies’ strategies to hire eligible and skilled accountants as per their requirements. The skills and requirements we need in an accountant will be considered in this study to progress the work profile. An accountant would be qualified and shortlisted as per their requirements and duties of the companies related to this corporate accountant job. An accountant job role should have contained all necessary attributes related to the development in this profile.

Collection and details of job advertisement data and sources:

With effective research and survey, it can be said that there are around 5000+ accounting jobs on Indeed Australia. There are around 4578 job profiles related to financial and corporate accounting jobs to Seek Australia. Total 11265 profiles in Jora Australia related to Australian Accounting jobs. There is around 24863 accounting profile related to accountant jobs in Australia we can find in online job sites specifically in Jora, Indeed and Seek.

After the survey, the job information collected from different job sources such as Seek, Indeed and Jora. Total collected job information and details related to corporate accountants in Australia were collected from all these job portals are total 30.

Serial No.	Source of Job corporate accountants	Total job advertisement
1	Indeed	15
2	Seek	5
3	Jora	10

Name of the organisation and industrial Breakdown:

Name of the organisations	Industrial Breakdown	Location
Intuitive Recruitment	Recruitment Industry	Sydney – NSW
Racing Victoria	Media Organisation	Docklands VIC
Beach Energy Ltd	Oil & Gas	Sydney – NSW
MPAU Finance	Finance Sector	Brisbane QLD
Hedley Scott Recruitment	Recruitment industry	Sydney-NSW
C CAR Installations	Manufacturing Company	Sydney-NSW
Waterlogic	Manufacturing Company	Osborne-Park WA
Pirtek Fluid Systems	Fluid and Hydraulic	Kings Park NSW
Doyle Executive	Foreign affairs	Sydney NSW
DFP Recruitment	Recruitment Agency	Kings Park WA
HR Matrix Pty Ltd	Employment and recruitment	Brisbane QLD
Konnexus	Consulting Agency	Sydney – NSW
Aldi Stores	Groceries	Kings Park
Talent Options Sydney	Human Resources	Sydney – NSW
Mine Super	Recruitment Agency	Sydney Park
Suncorp	Banking and Finance	Sydney Park
Robert Half Financing and accounting	Finance Sector	Kings Park NSW
Future you	Recruitment Agency	Brisbane QLD
Paybang Pty Ltd	Not applicable	Sydney Park
Orbital Australia	Fuel and gas	Brisbane QLD
T+O+M executive	Recruitment firm	Osborne-Park WA
TW Power Services Pvt. Ltd	Energy and Power	Sydney Park
Moore Stephens Pvt Ltd	Finance and Accounts	Kings Park NSW
Accent Resources NI	Food	Sydney Park
GFG Alliance	Energy	Brisbane QLD
2X M Finance	Finance	Osborne-Park WA
Moir Group	Finance	Brisbane
Robert Walter	Recruitment	Sydney – NSW
DFp Accounting	Energy	Sydney – NSW
Redpath Partners Pty Ltd	Energy	Sydney – NSW

Job title and the description mentioned in Job portal and advertisement:

Serial No.	Job portals	Job ads & Titles
1	Indeed	Corporate Accountant, Senior Accountant-corporate, Assistant Accountant, Financial Investor, Accountant – corporate assistant. Assistant accountant. Corporate accountant, financial accountant, Accountants, Assistant Corporate Accountant. Treasury accountant, accounting payable clerk, Forensic Accountant
2	Jora	Payable Accountant, receivable Accountant, Corporate Accountant, Assistant Accountant – corporate. Assistant accountant. Corporate accountant, financial accountant, Accountants, Assistant Corporate Accountant.
3	Seek	Assistant accountant. Corporate accountant, financial accountant, Accountants, Assistant Corporate Accountant. Treasury accountant, accounting payable clerk, Forensic Accountant Corporate Accountant, Senior Accountant-corporate, Assistant Accountant, Financial Investor, Accountant – corporate assistant.

Personal attributes needed in corporate accountant mentioned in job advertisement:

The personal attributed which are required in the corporate accountant mentioned in the job advertisement given below:

The person should have accounting skills and experience to pay attention and the ability to work under pressure.
The accountant has to carry interpersonal skills and excellent communication skills to maintain the relationship between accounting requirements and cost.
An individual should possess the intellectual skills, practical thinking, quick decision-making ability and ability to adapt to new challenges.
The person should be ambitious, creative, practical and should bring various initiatives to perform their responsibilities.
The person should be able to work with a team, coordinate with team members and seniors and work under pressure.
The person should be able to value their work, ready to give their 100% with devotion and dedication (Balakrishnan, et, al., 2018).
The individual should possess technical skills to make a decision quickly, should have positive and collaborative attitudes towards work.
The person should be strong practical and analytical skills to understand the requirements and needs of the company.
They should have a focus on minor changes and requirements that help them to create logical solutions.
An individual should possess the ability to motivate the people and their team in the organisation.
The person should be able to communicate clearly and have a spirit to drive a team.
They should possess an ability to figure out the things and play a dynamic role as a team player to encourage their team regularly.
An i
ndividual should be able to handle responsibilities and meet the deadline of the organisation and department.
The person should be passionate about their work and task to help the team and department to achieve targets and goals.
The person should be target solver, practical thinker, capable to handle pressure and able to handle the situation related to clients and stakeholders.
Must have the ability to become a corporate supportive and creative thinker, good leader and supporter for others in the team member (Ellis, 2018).

Key roles and task and job responsibilities of corporate accountants given in the advertisements:

The listed task and job required responsibilities given in the job advertisement for a corporate accountant is given below:

Financial and accounting reporting is required to be done monthly, quarterly and annually.
A person needs to complete all bookkeeping tasks, taking care of financial data and implication effectively.
To prepare the financial report, balance sheet and consolidated statements of accounting books of the organisation.
Able to handle SAP – different accounting modules.
To prepare and present bookkeeping and handle the complete valuation of business entities.
Compiling bank statements and accounting records of the company.
The corporate accountant needs to join the team as soon as possible and perform a different role in a team.
Looking for a person who can understand business accounting needs and bale to perform financial reports and transactions effectively.
Ability to define mistake and figure out the errors in transactions, hands-on-experience of using Different SAP modules and financial software and accounting systems.
Ability to figure out treasury and tax accounting management effectively to measure data and financial evidence.
Seeking for experienced and hardworking employee and the candidate who can timely process the requirement, accounting process, delivery and information.
The person who assist their senior and support junior in the team.
Ability to understand the attend recurrent financial and accounting journals and vales.
Preparing financial statements, applicating various accounting rules and regulations.
Able to implicate accounting standards and regulate the budgeting process, it will be helpful for the company to manage finance by the council (Adhariani, et, al., 2019).
Understand and govern complex demands of accounting norms and standards-based financial process.
Working with seniors, able to give reporting timely to provide effective accounting solutions and decision-making process in the business.
The person should be able to manage than the requirement of accounting department with the help of accounting standards and corporate norms (Allen, et. al., 2018).
He can work and perform well to support the accounting department to provide quality services to the organisation.
Maintenance of accounting software, SAP and create logical analysis to give accurate feedback about the financial condition of the companies.
Able to prepare and, making journals, posting ledgers perform ledgers and compiling data with the other relevant adjustments.
Handle all mandatory regulations, preparing analytical reports, submitting the consolidated financial reports and statements to the company (Ellis, 2018).

Professional and accounting qualification needs to be posted in the job advertisements:

The various academic and professional qualification needs are addressed in the job portals related to corporate accountants:

The person should possess a degree of Bachelors in Accounts and Finance, should have completed CA and have more than 3 years of experience practising as a qualified CA.
The person should be well experienced and depth knowledge of financial regulation, accounting and taxation amendments occurred every year (Nasr, et, al., 2018).
Should be possessed depth knowledge of accounting standards and have hands-on experience working with accounting firms for more than 3 years (Owolabi, 2019).
An individual should have well experience in tertiary qualification in accounting and knowledge of the field of finance and accounts.
Ability to understand the attend recurrent financial and accounting journals and vales.
Preparing financial statements, applicating various accounting rules and regulations.
Able to implicate accounting standards and regulate the budgeting process, it will be helpful for the company to manage finance by the council (Adhariani, et, al., 2019).
Understand and govern complex demands of accounting norms and standards-based financial process.
Working with seniors, able to give reporting timely to provide effective accounting solutions and decision-making process in the business.
The person should be able to manage than the requirement of accounting department with the help of accounting standards and corporate norms (Allen, et. al., 2018).
He can work and perform well to support the accounting department to provide quality services to the organisation.
Looking for a person who can understand business accounting needs and bale to perform financial reports and transactions effectively.
Ability to define mistake and figure out the errors in transactions, hands-on experience of using Different SAP modules and financial software and accounting systems.
Ability to figure out treasury and tax accounting management effectively to measure data and financial evidence.
Seeking for experienced and hardworking employee and the candidate who can timely process the requirement, accounting process, delivery and information.
A person should possess knowledge of Microsoft offices and access.
Should be able to understand the accounting requirements and prior qualification and experience in the field of cost accounts.
Knowledge and experience of an audit or chartered accounting process should be able to adapt to handle the work of 1000+ people (Owolabi, et, al., 2019).
The person should have the ability to qualify the accounting aspects and can prepare a financial statement and working experience with SAP.
Experience in the areas of Taxation handling, profit and expenses records and handle deferred tax calculations.
SAP, ORACLE and TM1 is the plus. An individual can handle taxation and budgeting responsibilities of the company, able to work to enhance the rapport of the company.

The key roles learnt in MPA unit and the terms related to the advertisement collected:

There are various tasks, roles and job responsibilities collected in job advertisement from different job portal in Australia which is necessary for a corporate accountant to possess such as responsibilities and roles. These are:

Managing financial data:

As per task learnt in the unit, this is the initial task of an accountant to manage its corporate roles and responsibilities. The role of an accountant includes various categories such as preparation and presentation of reports and accounting data, handle bookkeeping and organisational structure part related to tax, budget, cost and revenue. The corporate accountants need to take care of accounting systems, manage records, books and vouchers efficiently. The corporate accountant has to manage to cost and figure out actual financial conditions through the financial report prepared quarterly, annually and monthly (Nasr, et, al., 2018).

Preparing financial statements and reports according to various accounting standards and rules.
Working as a helping hand in an operational and financial matter to create accurate and exact financial capital reports for investor and stakeholders. It helps the council and other people in the department to complete the budgeting process effectively.
Managing financial evidence, vouchers and invoices using SAP and TM1 software for accurate and error-free ledger and journals for the department (Schroeder, et, al., 2019).

Accounting report preparation:

The next of the Accountant incorporate field is to figure the errors and mistakes while making and preparing accounting report, an accountant takes care of vouchers, invoices and other accounting transactions and entries should be transacted based on evidence and proves, financial and accounting report are prepared essentially on monthly, quarterly and annual basis. The report needs to be prepared error and mistakes free after taking care of different accounting principles such as dual aspects principles, accrual principle and principle of consistency for the business (Okwuosa & Amaeshi, 2018).

Preparation and presentation of profit and loss accounts.
Compiling and consolidating the financial accounts and budgeting process.
To prepare the report and present analytical report in the group before submitting consolidated financial results to the German Group.

Regulatory and financial bodies:

The corporate accountant should be taken care of their responsibilities of handling accounting standards, performing accounting deadlines without missing internal and external deadlines. Regulatory bodies make accounting norms and standards which are needed to be resolved and performed on time with the help of accurate and qualified data (Wardhana, 2018).

The person should have the ability to exercise the responsibilities, manage accounting data and financial costs (Adhariani, et, al., 2019).
Able to compare projected and actual financial report according to accounting principles and standards.
Can prepare analytical reports after submitting a report to meet the deadlines.
Consolidation of financial and accounting data within the organisation (Ellis, 2018)

Additional topic missing in Unit MPA but those are listed in the Job description of Corporate accountants:

Missing points in MPA units are:

Analytical advisor:

The corporate accountants should be able to handle the analytical task and give analytical advice to the necessary team. The information they can use to manage the logical demands of finance for the existence of the business. Corporate accountants should work as a logical and analytical advisor so that management can use their skills in making financial decisions effectively (Crowther, 2018).

The person should have technical skills to take technical decision based on accounting abilities.
A person should be interpersonal skills to motivate team members and prepare financial accounts quarterly and annually.
Should be responsible to handle group accounting meetings, take decision-related to statutory matters of compliance, ASX reporting and accounts investors listing.
Responsible to assist corporate trainers, CA and higher accounting authorities.
Give assistance and support to finance managers, provide authority and quality services in accounting services (Warren & Jones, 2018).

External business targets:

The corporate accountants should be able to work accounting professionals, they should understand the requirements of business affiliations and. Financial professionals expect from financial experts to perform their roles and responsibilities in regards to ASX reporting, handling the accounting process of the organisation.

The accountant should have abled to handle and engage in maintaining financial transparency. The example of such job description is given below:

The person should be able to prepare analytical skills and financial reports.
Understand the needs of transparency of financial information that involves business changes, financial innovative skills and ability to understand business needs. (Balakrishnan, et, al., 2018).

Skills, responsibilities and attributes needed to become a corporate accountant:

Innovation:

Accounting standards and principles are needed to be implemented in the business from the first day it started. Innovative and creative ideas are necessary for the business to handle the cost and revenue generation process. Corporate accountants should have skills and attributes to understand business challenges and give analytical advice to the company. Innovation is necessary for ideas, views and business which is mentioned in the job description for the accountants that states and delivers the needs of innovation skills in employees (Smith, 2018).

Understanding of accounting norms:

The corporate accountant should be able to handle accounting work based on his analytical The next of the Accountant incorporate field is to figure the errors and mistakes while making and preparing accounting report, an accountant takes care of vouchers, invoices and other accounting transactions and entries should be transacted based on evidence and proves, financial and accounting report are prepared essentially on monthly, quarterly and annual basis (Pal, 2019).

Enthusiasm:

The corporate accountant should have a responsibility to show enthusiasm in their jobs and able to encourage their team members in the organisation. Accountants should have practical thinker and problem solver that add power to their duties. The person should have brought energy and enthusiasm to their team members and enhance the engagement of accounting skills. The person should have the ability to exercise the responsibilities, manage accounting data and financial costs. Able to compare projected and actual financial report according to accounting principles and standards. Accountants can prepare analytical reports after submitting a report to meet the deadlines & consolidation of financial and accounting data within the organisation (Schroeder, et, al., 2019).

Conclusion

The role of an accountant includes various categories such as preparation and presentation of reports and accounting data, handle bookkeeping and organisational structure part related to tax, budget, cost and revenue. The corporate accountants need to take care of accounting systems, manage records, books and vouchers effectively. This study included different ways to describe the jobs of corporate accountants, financial accountants and including their duties, required skills and talents. A proper assignment structure has been given in this study, where it will provide knowledge of companies’ strategies to hire eligible and skilled accountants as per their requirements. The skills and requirements we need in an accountant were considered in this study to progress the work profile. An accountant was to be qualified and shortlisted as per their requirements and duties of the companies related to this corporate accountant job (Allen, et. al., 2018).

References

Allen, A. M., Ramanna, K., & Roychowdhury, S. (2018). Auditor lobbying on accounting standards. Journal of Law, Finance & Accounting, Forthcoming.

Schroeder, R. G., Clark, M. W., & Cathey, J. M. (2019). Financial accounting theory and analysis: text and cases. John Wiley &Sons.

Smith, M. (2018). Luca Pacioli: The father of accounting. Available at SSRN 2320658.

Warren, C., & Jones, J. (2018). Corporate financial accounting. Cengage Learning.

Balakrishnan, K., Blouin, J. L., & Guay, W. R. (2018). Tax aggressiveness and corporate transparency. The Accounting Review, 94(1), 45-69.

Crowther, D. (2018). A Social Critique of Corporate Reporting: A Semiotic Analysis of Corporate Financial and Environmental Reporting: A Semiotic Analysis of Corporate Financial and Environmental Reporting. Routledge.

Nasr, M. A., & Ntim, C. G. (2018). Corporate governance mechanisms and accounting conservatism: evidence from Egypt. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 18(3), 386-407.

Ellis, C. (2018). Why ambitious corporate accountants should extend their role beyond finance. Professional Accountant, 2018(32), 24-24.

Okwuosa, I., & Amaeshi, K. (2018). Sustainability reporting and the professional accountant in Nigeria.

Adhariani, D., Siregar, S. V., & Yulius, R. (2019). Borderless with Unequal Opportunity? Experts’ Perspectives on the ASEAN Economic Community and the Impact on Indonesian Accountant Profession. The Qualitative Report, 24(5), 1147-1167.

Pal, N. R. (2019). Corporate Governance-Mapping and Imaging the Swot on Real-Time a Bare Minimum in Assurance to Growth and Sustainability. The Management Accountant Journal, 54(2), 40-45.

Owolabi, S. A. (2019). Quality Accounting Service a Panacea to Effective Corporate Governance. Available at SSRN 3382381.

Wardhana, D. Y. (2018). Good Corporate Governance Practices in Family Business: A Case Study in Indonesia. Petra International Journal of Business Studies, 1(1), 35-44.

Introduction

This assignment helps to understand the concept of GST and CGT with their consequences. The GST can be termed as the goods and service tax, which is indirect and that, can be imposed on the supply of services and goods. If the parties registered under the laws of GST then they are bound to pay tax as per the terms and conditions. The capital gain tax is the tax on the revenue that can be realised from the sale of assets. It also ascertains the different methods for tax for different assets. It also includes certain transactions such as the sale of shares, land and piano and analyse its legal effect.

Question 1

Facts

The city sky co. is the development Company and investment. The firm purchased the piece of land in Brisbane and plan to build the 15 apartment for sale. They also engage in lawyer services for development.

Purchased land and plan to build the 15 apartments

Lawyer services that can be availed at $33000

Turnover of lawyer $300000 per year.

Rules

It can be asserted that City Sky is a developing and investment company which sells the apartments. By developing these apartments they have to recognise whether these are taxable or not. It can be investigated that these are taxable sales. The credit of GST can be availed in the following circumstances, these are:

As per the section, 40-75 the premises should be new residential premises.
Before the year 1998, the premises can’t be used for residential purpose.
There should be some consideration.
The premises should be established in Australia
For the transaction, the seller should be registered.

By analysing the above rules, it can be stated that the firm is bound for the taxable sales and inputs of credit which was rendered from the premises.

Analysis

As per the Section 40-75, a New Tax system that is Goods and Services Tax Act 1999 was introduced. It consists of the price charged for the services and goods and credit should be claimed for the services which were bought for the business purpose.

It is essential to register under the GST if the turnover is more than $75000 or $150000 or more in a non-profit organisation. It includes certain business such as the lending of money and provisions for fee credit, letting out the residential properties. It can also be observed that the “new” constructed premises should be let or sold out. If the firm purchases the new assets and sells the old assets to earn profits then in that situation, it is essential to register GST. But vice-versa, if this property is used for personal use and they did not earn any profit on this, then there is no GST.

In case of residential properties, the sale will be raced input which means that the credits of GST cannot be claimed on the purchased items for sales as the existing properties are not bound for the GST (McClure and Govendir, 2016).

The sale will be considered as the taxable sales, in case of new premises. The credits of GST will avail on the different purchase and sale will bound by the GST.

There are certain premises which can be recognised as new if:

The premises has been developed or constructed after the innovation.
The property should be new which means it should never be sold earlier.
There should be the construction of a new building inland after demolishing the old one.

There are certain conditions in which building can be new for the 5 years, they are:

The building can be used for residential purpose.
It should be renovated properly.
The construction should be done after demolishing the old building.

As per the provision of Australian tax, if any old and new premises are used for the commercial and residential purpose, then the sale will for both will be taxable. It states that they claim credits in the purchase items. It can also be observed that if the residential premises have been let out or sold then in that rent will be input tarred. This states that rent will not be considered under the GST(McClure, et. al., 2016).

In addition to this, if a commercial estate has been sold out then there will be an occurrence of GST. In some transactions, it is necessary to register under GST such as buying and selling out property, leasing the commercial property etc.

Conclusion

From the above analyses, it can be stated that GST plays a crucial role in the business. There are certain transactions, which require the registration of GST such as buying and selling for the business purpose. If the business turnover exceeds the firm limit then, in that case, GST is necessary.

Question 2:

Facts

This question analyses the concept of Capital gain tax with their consequences. Capital gain is triggered in a case when assets are realised or sold. The total capital gains minus capital losses can be termed as the “net capital gains”. Capital gain is a tax assessed on the difference between the purchase price and sale price of an asset. It also records the several transactions in which the company apply the CGT. The firm is bound to charge a 50% tax on capital gains. As per the rules of Australia, the value of capital gain operates as the returns of tax in which assets can be sold or disposed of.

Capitals Gain Tax

Material facts on the problems

Sale of Block	$100000
In the year 1991- Land Legal Fees Stamp duty	$250000 $10000 $5000
Interest on loan	$32000
Bill on Unites	$2200
Advertisement	$25000
Legal fees on dispute	$5000
Removal of pine trees	$27500

Sale of 1000 shares@50.85: 2% brokerage on sales, purchased @ rate $3.5 in the year 1982

In the year 2015, sale of stamp collection $60000, Auction fees $5000.

In the Year 2000, sale of piano $300000, purchase price $800000.

Rules /law

As per the provisions of taxation law, it can be asserted that the CGT is levied to the firm at the rate of 30% on the value of Capital gain but if a person is an individual it would be similar to the tax rate. There are certain situations in capital gain tax can be applied these are discussed below:

Property of estate, but is exempted in residence of the applicant who files the tax return.
If the items such as Units, trusts, sale of shares and other instruments are created under the ordinary course of business then they will be exempted from CGT (Eccleston, 2013).
Lease, other improvements, the goodwill which is charged on assets that is land without selling it.
The involvement of new methods and techniques of encryption of digital assets can be charged on the capital gain tax.
The collectables, personal assets that have a certain amount and value which implies the rate of capital gain tax.

Further to this, it can be observed that the assets such as home, car which are used for personal use are exempted under this. According to the provisions of Australia law, the collectables are excluded from the capital gain tax. It includes the gemstones, boats and vehicles. In addition to this, assets such as jewellery, Antique pieces, photos, and wines are considered collectables.

Capital Gain in terms of shares

It can be noted that Emma has carried out certain transactions which include the shares. It is the units that include the managed funds and recognised as the capital gains. While purchasing assets, the company can levy a certain amount of tax on it and that can be changed (Eccleston, 2013).

In case of shares, it can be analysed that the firm receives the payment which is non-accessible and units are redeemed from one fund to other funds.

Sale of Stamp, the sale of the stamp comes under the category of collectables and that are exempted under Australian taxation. It also provides the different category on which tax can collect, such as if the value of collectables is less than the $ 500. Secondly, if an individual purchased collectables before the year 1995. The disposal stamp is on or after the year 1995. It also consists the postage stamps and that will also be considered in this category (ATO, 2019).

Analysis

It can be examined that the capital gain tax is the profit and that comes under the head of income. Capital does not apply to an innate estate and there is no concept of sale, there will be a transfer of ownership. As per the scenario, Emma developed certain transactions in the last preceding year that involves the amount of tax.

Sale of land is the first and foremost transaction in which Emma wants to sell the land which was purchased by him(Mawuli, 2014). It shows the deductions and value of CGT can be followed properly. While doing this transaction, it also involves the other transaction such as legal fees, stamp duty etc. It does not recognise the cost of advertisement and the amount of interest is capitalised.

Calculation of purchase price:

Cost of land	$250000
Legal fees	$10000
Stamp duty	$5000
Legal fees	$5000
Interest paid	$32000
Total cost	$302000

The second transactions are related to the sale of shares in which Emma sold the shares and earn profit. The selling of shares is also recognised as the CGT. In this, the firm purchases the product in the year 1982 that includes certain units. It these acquired before 1985 then they are exempted from the rate of tax. But in this transaction, there is no such condition that arises before therefore tax is not chargeable on the shares(Tewari, 2018).

The Emma also sell the shares in which auction fees are chargeable. In this, the value of collectables is not included in the category of Goods and sales tax. Sale of shares are exempted under the tax.

Costing	$50000
Sale of consideration	$60000
Auction fees	$5000
Hence consideration will be	$65000

Lastly, Emma sells the piano at the value of $30,000 which was bought at the $80,000 in the year 2000. This will not be treated as the capital gain tax as it is the personal assets and not used by the owner in a business. Therefore, it can be observed that the services and goods which are used as the business purpose will not be charged under the capital gain tax(ATO, 2019).

Conclusion

From the above observation, it can be analysed that Emma involves different transaction in different years to calculate the amount of capital gain tax. In addition to this, there are some transactions on which capital gain tax are not levied. It can be stated that if the firm uses the assets for more than 12 months then the person can decrease the value up to 50% and that amount will not be held by the company.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that the company city sky is liable to pay the amount of tax which is rendered from the lawyer. They also state that the amount of GST that is $330000 for the services of a lawyer can be treated as the credit and included in the liabilities. In the second situation, Emma is bound to pay the amount of tax on land. They are not bound to pay the tax on shares as they have been acquired before the due date. Piano can be recognised as the personal assets and hence they are not taxable.

References

ATO, 2019. Australian Taxation Office [Online] ATO. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Non-profit/your-organisation/gst/[Accessed on: 18 September 2019].
Dixon, J. and Nassios, J., 2018. The effectiveness of investment stimulus policies in Australia. Centre of Policy Studies, Victoria University.
Eccleston, R., 2013. The tax reform agenda in Australia. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 72(2), pp.103-113.
Mawuli, A., 2014. Goods and services tax: An appraisal. In Paper presented at the PNG Taxation Research and Review Symposium (Vol. 29, p. 30).
McClure, R., Lanis, R. and Govendir, B., 2016. Analysis of tax avoidance strategies of top foreign multinationals operating in Australia: An expose.
Tewari, V.K., 2018. Goods and Service Tax. GST Simplified Tax System: Challenges and Remedies, 1(1), pp.173-176.

Executive summary

In this assignment, the report has been prepared according to the case study of Adam and co. In this report the main focus is on the expenditure cycle to evaluate the processes, risk and internal control in the expenditure cycle. The expenditure cycle includes the purchase system, cash disbursement system and the payroll system. The assignment also includes the flowchart for each and every process of expenditure cycle. The flowcharts that have been prepared in this report are system flowchart of purchase system, system flowchart of cash disbursement system, system flowchart of payroll system. The internal control weakness of each system has been identified and it also includes the risk that the company may face because of such weakness in the internal control system. Therefore, it can be said that the report includes detail about the expenditure cycle of the company and weakness in the internal control procedure that can hinder the work in the future course of action.

Introduction

In this assignment the case study of Adam & co. is given and analysis of the expenditure cycle of the company has been made so that the internal control system of the company can be studied. The case study is of the industrial supplier. The company purchases its inventory from manufacturers in China and Thailand. The company has a centralized accounting system. The expenditure cycle of the company includes purchase system, cash disbursement system and payroll system. The expenditure cycle is a set of actions taken for purchasing the goods in the company. It is the repetitive process of creating the purchase and then ordering the goods. The complete analysis of company’s expenditure cycle has been done so that the internal control weakness, risk, and process can be identified by the managing director so that the necessary actions can be taken to improve the process and system.

1. System flow chart of purchase system

System flow chart of purchase system

2. System flow chart of cash disbursement system

System flow chart of cash disbursement system

3. System Flow chart of payroll system

System Flow chart of payroll system

Internal control weakness in each system and risk associated with the identified weakness

The internal control weakness in each system and the risk associated with each system are:

Purchase system

In the purchase system the weakness that can be seen in the internal control procedure of the company is that it does not appear that the current inventories held with the company are checked before placing the orders (Skaife et. al., 2013). It is not clear in the system what procedure is followed by the clerk to selectthe vendor and ordering the goods. The clerk should obtain quotes from vendors in terms of price, delivery date, and quality. These quotes should be then checked by the senior official and then the order should be placed. The entries of the clerk are not cross-checked which may result in the errors that may be deliberate or otherwise may get unnoticed by clerk. The risk that may result because of this weakness isnon-prior checking of the inventories may result in creating a pool of inventories that may not be required by the company (Cheng et. al., 2013). The entries are not checked again which may result in the wrong calculation of the net profit of company.

Cash disbursement system

In the cash disbursement system, the weakness that can be seen in the internal control system is that there is no segregation of duty all the financial transactions are been handled by on person that is the cash disbursement clerk. No proper system of processing of disbursement has been defined in the system. these all the weakness in the internal control system may result in huge loss to the company because cash is the most important element for every organization (Mohamud, 2013). The risk associated with this weakness is that non-segregation of duty may result in balancing the cash at the end of the accounting period.

Payroll system

In the payroll system, the risk that can be identified is that there is no proper employee handbook that clearly states the proper procedure for clocking in and clocking out and problems that may occur because of the wrong entry of the payroll information. The risk that is associated with this is that confusion may be created for the employee’s records (Vona, 2012).

Conclusion

Through this report, it can be concluded that expenditure process of the company includes various internal control weaknesses. This needs to be looked by the managing director so that the work is done smoothly and without errors. The internal control weakness in the expenditure system may result in occurrence of the various risk. The risk that may result because of this weakness is thatnon-prior checking of the inventories may result in creating a pool of inventories that may not be required by the company. The assignment also includes the flowchart for each and every process of expenditure cycle. The flowcharts that have been prepared in this report are system flowchart of purchase system, system flowchart of cash disbursement system, system flowchart of payroll system. Therefore, it can be said that complete details of the expenditure process of Adam & co. Has been analyzed in this assignment.

References

Alvarez, D.R. and Shapiro, M.A., Nexxo Financial Corp, 2012. Systems and methods for money sharing. U.S. Patent 8,204,829.
Blowers, A.J., 2013. Method for providing a web-based payroll and payroll related software as a service. U.S. Patent 8,494,927.
Cheng, M., Dhaliwal, D. and Zhang, Y., 2013. Does investment efficiency improve after the disclosure of material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting? Journal of Accounting and Economics, 56(1), pp.1-18.
Grendel, A. and Welter, M., SAP SE, 2013. Method for allocation of budget to order periods and delivery periods in a purchase order system. U.S. Patent 8,423,428.
Mahajan, K., Shukla, S. and Soni, N., 2015. A Review of Computerized Payroll System. University of Lingaya, Department of Computer Science.
Maravas, A. and Pantouvakis, J.P., 2012. Project cash flow analysis in the presence of uncertainty in activity duration and cost. International journal of project management, 30(3), pp.374-384.
Mohamud, H.A., 2013. Internal auditing practices and internal control system in Somali Remittance Firms. International journal of business and Social science, 4(4).
Schmitt, B., SAP SE, 2014. Managing consistent interfaces for business objects across heterogeneous systems. U.S. Patent 8,799,115.
Skaife, H.A., Veenman, D. and Wangerin, D., 2013. Internal control over financial reporting and managerial rent extraction: Evidence from the profitability of insider trading. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 55(1), pp.91-110.
Vona, L.W., 2012. Fraud risk assessment: building a fraud audit program. John Wiley & Sons.

Abstract

Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (FMG) is an iron ore company situated mainly in Australia. It was founded in the year 2003. The company comes under the industry of Metals and Mining. Its headquarters is placed in Perth, Western Australia. Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (FMG) deals in Iron ore, Steel, Gold, Copper and Lithium. It is one of the largest iron ore producers. Mainly fourth largest producer of iron ore in wide world. Elizabeth Gaines works as a (CEO) in the Fortescue Metals Group Ltd and Andrew Forrest being a (Chairman) combines to become the major shareholder in the company. The Fortescue Metals Group Ltd has many subsidiaries work under it. The mine company holds 87000 km2 area. The location where it is situated is Christmas Creek Mine, Pilbara region, West Australia. The company is listed company on the ASX Australia stock exchange with all well known companies. Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (FMG) has grown fastest heavy haul railways, advanced infrastructure and Fortescue company has its own iron ore carriers as well. Fortescue Metals Group Ltd is building a new succes story in the field of mining. Safety, values and empowerment of people are the basic goals, this Australian company holds.

I. Introduction :

The company selected is the fourth largest iron ore producer Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (FMG). The main purpose of my assignment is to research thoroughly through the Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. This purpose is carried so that we can learn about the success policies, financial performance and income statements of the above mentioned company. In this assignment, we will examine the main issues, underlying theories, performance measures used and the firm’s financial performance. We will get to know the capital structure, price earning ratios, non current assets and income statement.

The analyse of Fortescue Metals Group Ltd trends in the last three years. The company’s performance analysis and success report. The company’s philosophies and methodologies about future.

The companies financial ratios show many ups and downs from the last two to three years. The annual reports has been taken from the Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (FMG) official website https://www.fmgl.com.au/. The annual reports will show the progressive approach company took and the successful strategies taken. The assignment has been structured strictly as per the norms and guidelines suggested and the assigned tasks.

This assignment consists the real figures as per the Fortescue Metals Group Ltd website. The referred materials are latest and updated in the year 2019. The assignment consists of many useful information about the success, ups and downs, weaknesses and strengths. Here we will find out the details about the position and liquidity of Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. The share prices are checked on www.asx.com.au.

Financial analysis of fortescue metals group ltd. :

II. Financial Analysis of Selected Company

2.1 The Fortescue Metals Group Ltd company deals in mine industry mainly iron ore –

The Fortescue Metals Group Ltd company deals in Steel, Gold, Copper and Lithium but mainly iron ore. It offers the iron ore to world wide. The importance of the mining in maintaining the comparative advantages of the company can be listed below –

Trained workers
Flexible arrangements of work
Staff incentives plan
16 – weeks paid parental leave etc
Huge Mining sites
Full check on the safety measures for any miss happenings occur at the time of work.
Highly automated plants and machinery

All the other personal as well as professional benefits the Fortescue Metals Group Ltd provide to their staff and workers (Babalola & Abiola, 2013).

2.2 Calculation and analysis of performance of Fortescue Metals Group Ltd by liquidity ratios –

According to the data collected from THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, the financial data obtained from current financial statements of Fortescue Metals Group Ltd for the past 3 years we will calculate the liquidity ratios know about the capital structure (Fortescue metals group ltd., 2019).

Metals Group Ltd by liquidity ratios

Assets

S.No,		Particulars	2016—17		2017-18		2018-19
1	Current
		Current Assets	$ 222,331.00	2.172304295	$ 470,047.00	2.930668562	626006	3.047904221
		Current Liabilities	$ 102,348.00	2.172304295	$ 160,389.00	2.930668562	205389
2	Quick
		Cash + Accts. Rec.	$ 193,894.00	1.894458123	$ 405,946.00	2.531008984	517553	2.519867179
		Current Liabilities	$ 102,348.00	1.894458123	$ 160,389.00	2.531008984	205389
3	Debt-to-Worth
		Total Liabilities	$ 102,448.00	0.424246942	$ 166,869.00	0.300281262	205616	0.260982365
		Net Worth	$ 241,482.00	0.424246942	$ 555,709.00	0.300281262	787854

INCOME STATEMENT RATIOS: Profitability (Earning Power)
4	Gross Margin
		Gross Profit	$ 151,006.00	0.274932772	$ 464,349.00	0.503439027	713752	0.53251722
		Sales	$ 549,247.00	0.274932772	$ 922,354.00	0.503439027	1340336
5	Net Margin
		Net Profit Before Tax	$ 52,299.00	0.095219455	$ 415,711.00	0.450706562	283232	0.211314178
		Sales	$ 549,247.00	0.095219455	$ 922,354.00	0.450706562	1340336

ASSET MANAGEMENT RATIOS: Overall Efficiency Ratios
6	Sales-to-Assets
		Sales	$ 549,247.00	1.596973221	$ 922,354.00	1.276476726	1340336	1.349145923
		Total Assets	$ 343,930.00	1.596973221	$ 722,578.00	1.276476726	993470
7	Return on Assets
		Net Profit Before Tax	$ 52,299.00	0.15206292	$ 415,711.00	0.575316436	283232	0.285093662
		Total Assets	$ 343,930.00	0.15206292	$ 722,578.00	0.575316436	993470
8	Return on Investment
		Net Profit Before Tax	$ 52,299.00	0.15206292	$ 415,711.00	0.575316436	283232	0.285093662
		Net Worth	$ 343,930.00	0.15206292	$ 722,578.00	0.575316436	993470

ASSET MANAGEMENT RATIOS: Working Capital Cycle Ratios
9	Inventory Turnover
		Cost of Goods Sold	$ (285,729.00)	-10.04778985	$ (458,005.00)	-7.145052339	-590584	-5.4455294
		Inventory	$ 28,437.00	-10.04778985	$ 64,101.00	-7.145052339	108453
10	Inventory Turn-Days
		360	360	0.012659563	360	0.005616137	360	0.00331941
		Inventory Turnover	$ 28,437.00	0.012659563	$ 64,101.00	0.005616137	108453
11	Accounts Receivable Turnover
		Sales	$ 549,247.00	7.536940473	$ 922,354.00	14.08367562	1340336	25.41017669
		Accounts Receivable	$ 72,874.00	7.536940473	$ 65,491.00	14.08367562	52748

Commnets

the current ratio has increased . This means the Fortescue Metals Group Ltd company is able to meet the short term liabilities successfully over the time. There is an increasing trend in the ratios.
According to the above calculation, it is clear that with the increase in quick ratio Fortescue company can easily pay back its current liabilities. In 2018 the quick ratio was less than 1, this means company was not able to pay back the current liability.
There is a certain growth in the cash ratio from the year 2017 to year 2019. But these ratios are less than 1. A ratio above 1 means that, the company can easily pay off its current liabilities with the cash and cash equivalent. Here the company have cash ratio less than 1 in all the years.
According to the above scenario, the Debt Equity Ratio is changing but very minutely. The low Debt Equity Ratio indicates less of borrowed funds and more of owner funds in the company. So here it is a good sign. There is a decreasing trend in the Debt Equity Ratio in passing years (Blum & Dacorogna, 2014).
As we can see there is a slight decline in the Debt to Total Asset Ratio in all the three years. This can be interpreted as the percentage of assets is funded through borrowing funds as compared with the percentage of principal resources that are funded by investors.
As we can see from the above proprietary ratios in percentage. here. When proprietary ratios is high that means the company is financially strong. Here it seems the company is dependent on debts in 2017 and 2019. The trend is not regular (Fortescue metals group ltd., 2019).
Above are the position of liquidity, solvency and trends analysis according to the important accounting ratios of Fortescue Metals Group Ltd.

2.3 Non-current Asset Analysis –

Non Current Assets are Fixed Assets such as Property, Plant, Equipment, Land & Building, Long-term Investment in Bonds and Stocks, Goodwill, Patents, Trademark etc.

Carrying Amount beg. of the year	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19
Plant and equipment	11456	11156	10995
Land and buildings	849	796	744
Exploration and evaluation	772	813	857
Assets under development	227	291	301
Development	3563	3437	3292
Depreciation
Plant and equipment	4521	5478	6464
Land and buildings	257	316	412
Exploration and evaluation	0	0	0
Assets under development	0	0	0
Development	1052	1259	1448
Carrying Amount end of the year
Plant and equipment	11156	10995	10690
Land and buildings	796	744	650
Exploration and evaluation	813	857	539
Assets under development	291	301	889
Development	3437	3292	3303

Here, in the year 2019 the amount of non-current assets has increased as compared to the last two years that is 2018 and 2017. This increase means the Fortescue Metals Group Ltd company can turn their assets in to cash within 1 year as per the date mentioned in companies balance sheet (Fortescue metals group ltd., 2019).

2.4 The scenario analysis as per the information given –

Averag Price	$25
Units to be sold	450000
Life	4 years
Equipmnet Cost	$2,500,000
Residual Value	$500,000
Working Cpaital	$800,000
Variable Cost	$15


NPV	Current Case
Years	0	1	2	3	4
Equipmet Cost	2500000
Sales		11250000	11250000	11250000	11250000
Working Capital		$800,000	800000	800000	800000
Variable Cost		6750000	6750000	6750000	6750000
Residaul Value					$500,000
Cash Fixed Cost		450000	450000	450000	$450,000
Profit Before Tax		$3,250,000	$3,250,000	$3,250,000	$3,250,000
Tax		975000	975000	975000	975000
Profit after Tax		$2,275,000	$2,275,000	$2,275,000	$2,275,000
Discounted Values	1	0.89285714	0.79719	0.71178	0.63552
Discounted Cash Flow	2500000	$2,031,250	$1,813,616	$1,619,300	$1,445,804

Outflow	2500000
Inflow	6909969.76
Net Present Value	4409969.76

Averag Price			$20
Units to be sold			360000
Life			4 years
Equipmnet Cost			$2,500,000
Residual Value			$500,000
Working Cpaital			$800,000
Variable Cost			$18


NPV		Worst Case
Years		0		1		2		3		4
Equipmet Cost		2500000
Sales				7200000		7200000		7200000		7200000
Working Capital				$800,000		800000		800000		800000
Variable Cost				6480000		6480000		6480000		6480000
Residaul Value										$500,000
Cash Fixed Cost				550000		550000		550000		$550,000
Profit Before Tax				($630,000)		($630,000)		($630,000)		($630,000)
Tax				-189000		-189000		-189000		-189000
Profit after Tax				($441,000)		($441,000)		($441,000)		($441,000)
Discounted Values		1		0.892857143		0.79719		0.71178		0.63552
Discounted Cash Flow		2500000		($393,750)		($351,563)		($313,895)		($280,263)

Outflow		2500000
Inflow		-1339471.06
Net Present Value		-3839471.06
NPV	Best Case
Years	0				1		2		3		4
Equipmet Cost	2500000
Sales					16200000		16200000		16200000		16200000
Working Capital					$800,000		800000		800000		800000
Variable Cost					6480000		6480000		6480000		6480000
Residaul Value											$500,000
Cash Fixed Cost					350000		350000		350000		$350,000
Profit Before Tax					$8,570,000		$8,570,000		$8,570,000		$8,570,000
Tax					2571000		2571000		2571000		2571000
Profit after Tax					$5,999,000		$5,999,000		$5,999,000		$5,999,000
Discounted Values	1				0.892857143		0.79719		0.71178		0.63552
Discounted Cash Flow	2500000				$5,356,250		$4,782,366		$4,269,970		$3,812,473

Outflow	2500000
Inflow	18221058.73
Net Present Value	15721058.73

Interpretation on the sensitivity

Selling price : 9055951 = .19

450000*35*3.037

Variable Price = 9055951 = .44

450000*15*3.037

Fixed Cost = 9055951 = 6.63

450000*3.037

2.5 The latest share or bond issuance by the fortescue metals group ltd

The Fortescue Metals Group has issued coupon bonds recently. FMG Resources AUG 2006 is the issuer. The company has issued bonds in the form of Registered documentary bonds. It was an open subscription. It is an international bonds (Dorina, et. al., 2012).

The Company has been listing in Australia stock exchange as Fortescue FMG.

2.6 Calculation of the pe ratios and share price movement of the fortescue metals group ltd –

Price earning ratio has been declined to 46% last year in 2018. Up to the year 2019, the price earning ratio has gone up to 40%. The Operating income of the company is A$2.477 Billion in the year 2018 and the Net income results in A$1.134 billion in the year 2018 (Fortescue metals group ltd., 2019).

Price Earning Ratios = Market price / Earning per share
	2019	2018	2017
Net income	4456	1,134	2,775
Earning pae share	1.44	0.36	0.89

The present PE ratio of Fortescue Metals Group ltd is 22.5%. If the pe ratio is high, the company is a growth firm and vice versa (Babalola & Abiola, 2013).

The last recorded price of share of FMG was marked at 8.950. The share price movement is watched out as 0.185 2.11% .

Recommendation Letter –

As company took a comprehensive examination and analysed the firm’s financial performance from the updated financial statements of the Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. Being an investment analyst, I would recommend the investor to invest in Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. This company is performing well in the year 2019 and can write many success stories in the upcoming years. The share price fluctuations are not high or low. The investors can gain good returns from Fortescue Metals Group Ltd in near future.

Conclusion

The assignment is done with the fortescue metals group ltd .The company profit statement has been studied to find out the ratios of the company. This is finding that the company had making profits or not. The research will be useful to the shareholders to find whether to invest in the company or not. Thaw Company had made a successful issue of shares whose report had been summarised above. The ratios are done to better understanding of the report. All the current ration and the liquidity ratio are check to find the company had made profits in current year or not. The written down method of depreciation had been followed by the company. The life of the assets and the scarp value is as per the market value and as per the recommendation of law. The calculation of NPV is done to find pout whiter the project should be adopted or not. The company had made all the conclusion of worst and nest case and the sensitivity is done to find out which variable are more sensitive than others.

References

Babalola, Y. A., & Abiola, F. R. (2013). Financial ratio analysis of firms: A tool for decision making. International journal of management sciences, 1(4), 132-137.

Blum, P., & Dacorogna, M. (2014). DFA‐Dynamic Financial Analysis. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online.

Christensen, T., Cottrell, D., & Baker, R. (2013). Advanced financial accounting. McGraw-Hill.

Dorina, P., Victoria, B., & Diana, B. (2012). Aspects of company performance analysis based on relevant financial information and nonfinancial information. The Annals of the University of Oradea, 956.

Fortescue metals group ltd. (2019). About us. [Online] Fortescue metals group ltd. Available at https://www.fmgl.com.au/docs/default-source/annual-reporting-suite/fy19-annual-report.pdf. [Accessed on 10.09.2019]

Fortescue metals group ltd. (2019). About us. [Online] Fortescue metals group ltd. Available at https://www.fmgl.com.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/fy2017-annual-report.pdf [Accessed on 10.09.2019]

Fortescue metals group ltd. (2019). About us. [Online] Fortescue metals group ltd. Available at https://www.fmgl.com.au/investors/asx-announcements# [Accessed on 10.09.2019]

Introduction

This report helps to understand the concept of Capital gain and capital allowance. Capital gain can be defined as the increase in the value of estate or capital assets that provide the high rate as compare to the price of purchase. Capital allowance is the value that can be spend on the assets of business and claimed against the taxable gain. It also analyse the concept of Capital gain tax (CGT) and their consequences on the sales. Apart from this it also calculates different costs of the assets.

Question 1

Advise jasmine of the CGT consequences of the above sales. Include relevant legislative references to support the answer.

According to the Australian tax laws, the main residence (home) is exempted from the capital gain tax. To get this exemption, it can be stated that the individual should resides in that particular property. As per the law, the empty property is not allowed for the exemption. It can be noted that if the person is living in the property but they are not the resident of Australia then in that situation they are not included under the main residence. There are certain situation in which dwellings can be considered as the main residence such as:

The Personal belongings of the person are in it.
The person and his family live in it.
The address on which mail can be delivered.
The address on the electoral roll.
The services such as power and gas associated to house.

According to the Australian tax, the assets acquired before 20th September, 1985 in Australia is not included in the capital tax. So, it can be concluded that the jasmine’s home is purchased before the 1985 and it comes under the main residence. By observing both rules, it can be analysed that the main residence of jasmine’s does not comes under the ambit of capital gain tax and she is not bound to pay the tax on sale of his home (Kenny, 2012).

According to the Australian tax law, motor vehicle and cars are exempted from the capital gain tax. As per the law, car can be exempted when it carry the passengers which are less in number that can be less than nine. This type of exemption can be applied to the private owner of the vehicle. It can be asserted that motor cars are exempted from the capital gain tax (ATO, 2019). There are certain cars which are not covered under the exemption , such as :

Racing cars
Taxi cabs
Scooter or motorcycle
Single seat sports car
Van and other commercial vehicle

Therefore, it can be stated that jasmine sell the car and that can be exempted from the capital gain tax. In addition to this, the car of jasmine carries the less number of passengers and can be used for private purpose. Therefore, jasmine is not bound to pay the tax for the sale of car and she will neither gain nor loss anything.

By observing the scenario, it can be asserted that jasmine is selling the small cleaning business that consist the business equipments and goodwill. According to the Australian taxation law, the sale of business includes the tangible and intangible assets. Tangible assets can be in form of inventory and machine. In tangible can be in form of trade name and goodwill. The capital loss and capital gain can be recorded in the income tax return and on that tax can be paid by person. Bu analysing this situation, it can be noted that the cost of acquisition is higher than the cost of sales as jasmine sold the equipments at less price. Therefore, it can be said that the jasmine suffers the capital loss (Kenny, 2012).

It can be asserted that exemption comprises of the personal items that have been acquired for less than $10,000. Personal use items are those items that cannot be used for the business purpose; they can be used for the enjoyment or for personal use. According to the Australian tax laws, the assets which are below the value of $10,000 are not included under the ambit of CGT. It includes the assets such as furniture, boats, electrical goods and different items of household. If the value of assets can be sold for less than $10,000 then the person can be get exempted and the assets can be disposed. Therefore, it can be stated that the furniture sold by the jasmine does not included under the CGT (James, 2012).

According to the Australian tax laws, the collectables consists those items that can be used for the personal purpose or for the enjoyment. It includes the antiques, jewellery, rare folios, coins and medallions etc. According to the rules of taxation, the collectable items have the value less the $5000 and that can be exempted under the capital gain tax. By analysing the scenario, it can be noted that jasmine acquired the painting worth $500; therefore no tax can be paid on the sale of paintings. But if she purchase a painting directly from the artist for the value of $1000 which mean that value of painting does not comes under the exemption as the value of painting is more than $500. Therefore there will be a capital gain on the sale of painting as jasmine purchased directly from the artist (Konvisarova, et. al., 2015).

Question 2

Issue

In the given scenario, there are certain expenses that can be incurred towards the purchase of machine and that expenditures are related to the acquisition of CNC machine. It can be stated that the john visit the Germany and the main purpose of john to visit the Germany is to inspect the machineries. For this, he spends certain costs such as visiting cost that is $12000, installation cost etc. It also consists the cost of guiding rod and that will not be-treated as the part of assets (ATO, 2019). It also asserted the amount of depreciation and that becomes the liability on the person. The value of depreciation can be levied from the date of use of machinery or from other means (Ang, 2014).

Law and Application

According to the provisions of ATO, only those expenses form the part of cost which is necessary for the functioning of the product. In other words, all those expenditures which are relevant to form the assets and help them in their working As per the facts of the case, the value of CNC is $300000 and that will be recognised as the first cost. This value includes the cost which can be incurred or paid after 30 June 2005 and related to the assets. The other cost is installation cost that incurs the value of $25000 and that also comes under the ambit of assets. This type of assets starts depreciating when the firms begin to hold the value of asset.

In the case of MUNNERY v FC of T, Administrative Appeals Tribunal of Australia, 23 March 2012, the concept of cost is elaborated. In this the firm purchased the assets that are machine and they did not include the amount of installation. They also spend the amount for the purchase of assets and that can be recognised as the capital allowance. This type of allowance is helpful for paying the amount of tax and to track the rate of depreciation. These are non- recurring and long term in nature.

In addition to this, the second type of cost does not covered under the purview of first cost. It is that amount which can be paid after the installing and purchasing the assets of firm. These type of cost helps to maintain the standard and quality of assets and termed as the second type of cost. It also cost the different cost such as cost of destroying, maintenance and repairs, commission, advertisement and brokerage etc (Evans et. al., 2015).

According to the given scenario, the cost of guiding rod i$5000 includes in the expenses as it makes the programming faster and that leads to the effective system. It also includes the cost of travelling as it directly related to the value of assets. There are certain expenses which do not comes under the ambit of cost that is amount of tax. The expenses which are capital in nature and the deductible amount are not the part of cost.

Further, it can be stated that the machinery is imported in the month of November from Germany and installed in the month of January. So here the question arises regarding the date of starting and for the declining the asset value.

It can be analysed that the time limit for holding the machine for the valuation of depreciation can be treated as the assets and that can be used for the purpose of installation. Company also allowed the deduction in case of taxable amount and they also allowed the deduction when the amount is taxable and not amount to depreciate the company assets (James, 2012).

There are different types of expenditures that can be acquired by john for the installation of machinery. It is necessary to classify the expenses so that total amount of cast of capital assets can be reached. The main reason behind these classifications is the deductions that can be claimed against the expenditures which are necessary to create the product in running conditions.

Further to this, the company use the declining value as expenditure and that can be deducted from the value. If the person uses the assets for their own purpose then in that situation the tax is deductible. But on the other side if the asset can be used for the business purpose then in that case it is not deductible (Evans et. al., 2015). The company use the assets for different purposes; they can use for their own purpose and second for the office use. In this situation the tax can be levied when the assets can be used for the purpose of business.

In addition to this, the amount of machinery will be $33700 and on that value depreciation can be calculated, but if there is any generation in the value then in that situation depreciation can be charged on that additional amount. As per the rules, deductions can be allowed for the purpose of depreciation.

Conclusion

From the above description, it can be analysed that capital gain and capital allowance plays a vital role in the company. Capital gain can be for short and long term and that can be claimed on the income taxes. The assets determine the partial and full value and that can be claimed in the year. It also determines the amount of depreciation and that can be based on the value of assets. Apart from this, it can be stated that the cost can be fragmented in to two portions; the first portion is the direct cost that consist of labour cost and direct expenditure. The indirect cost includes the indirect expenses. The depreciation can be calculated according to the different methods that are through the diminishing or the prime cost. They have different method and that helps the organisation to specify the actual amount of assets.

References

- Ang, A., 2014. Asset management: A systematic approach to factor investing. Oxford University Press
- ATO. 2019. Capital gains tax. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/ [Accessed on: 12th September 2019].
- Evans, C., Minas, J. and Lim, Y., 2015. Taxing personal capital gains in Australia: An alternative way forward. Austl. Tax F., 30, p.735.
- James, S., 2012. Australian Tax Research Foundation. In A Dictionary of Taxation, Second Edition. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
- Kenny, P., 2012. Post Implementation Reviews of Recent Australian Tax Reform. J. Australasian Tax Tchrs. Ass’n, 7, p.79.

Konvisarova, E., Samsonova, I. and Vorozhbit, O., 2015. The nature and problems of tax administration in the Russian federation. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(5 S3), p.78.

Introduction

In this report evaluation of two websites given will be done which are 1. www.decibullz.com, 2. www.bcf.com.au.

According to the principles of Human Computer Interface (HCI), Objectives of this report is to evaluate the functioning of these websites with principles such as ease of interaction between human and computer (website), whether there is simplicity in structuring of tasks, are functions clearly visible, whether mappings of website are correct, whether it is aesthetically pleasing when browsing the website’s, whether errors are meaningful, whether there is enough documentation, is it flexible to use for extended amount of time etc. finding of all good and bad aspects of websites, what all can be improved and added, comparisons of both websites regarding their usability according to HCI design and evaluation principles.

Discussion

Overview

DECIBULLZ: It is a website for hearing related products like headphones, hearing protection with multiple hyper suggesting products from shooting sound protection to manufacturing sound protection applications.

BOATING CAMPING FISHING (BCF): Abbreviated BCF it is a website for boating, camping and fishing needs for all the people looking for adventure from kayaks, boats, sleeping bags to fishing rods to even providing caravans and clothing providing all outing needs.

Impressions

DECIBULLZ: Homepage of DECIBULLZ is a very clean and direct to the point with leaving very for the imagination, with clear and full-size images covering nearly all the websites real estate describing its products, its design is rather pleasing to the eye making it easier to navigate. It has main tabs/hyperlinks which are hearing protection, headphones, explore and support where hearing protection has a clear dropdown menu which contains links to earplugs, percussive filer and other, coming to 2nd dropdown of headphones which contains wireless Bluetooth earphones to its accessories, 3rd dropdown menu being explore contains prescribed categories of fitness, shooting sports, manufacturing, music which is really nice touch bringing users directly to their needs and categorizing main products, when it comes to the 4th menu it is really a simplistic menu where instruction, support portal, my account and contact us reside, apart from dropdown menus there are plenty enough functionalities given in the header like search, gift cards, my account and shopping cart, body of this website includes clear and large images of its products with description of what products features are, complying with the HCI principles, at the end of the website’s body there is a box with an insert for email address to subscribe for newsletter, bottom of that are links to all the social media handles of the company like Instagram, Facebook etc. with its store locator, after that there is the footer of this website which includes all the useful links from its product to customer service and company (details), this website remains well thought out and easy to access with it making the buying of product from looking to checkout rather easy, navigation of this is also very intuitive, one doesn’t have to think much in order to navigate this website.

BOATING CAMPING FISHING (BCF): Homepage of BCF is rather cluttered because of its wholesome offerings it can prove to be hard to navigate where to find the product of need it can take time, it even has so many offerings that it can become confusing for the user on deciding what to checkout with, header of this website includes seven dropdown menus which can little too much with its header also containing other links like sale and gift ideas, with dropdown menus like boating, camping, fishing and others it provides a great variety of products, one going to a trip for any of these adventures probably won’t miss any of the products needed from this website with boating menu providing all the boating needs, camping providing all the camping needs till brands menu where products are categorized by its brand names, with links like sale, gift ideas and be a BCFing expert it also provides opportunities to work for BCF, with all these links and menus there is not much left to discover but it also is a problem because one can consume much time trying to find his/her product needs but can be solved with search option given on the header, coming to the body of this website it contains clear images but with product direct product showcasing it can be further cluttering where one can keep looking at products and not find suitable product, going to the footer it seems like a clear design directly referring to links, it is a website providing plentiful but with a major drawback of cluttering UI trying to do too much.

Comparison:

Predictability: both being e-commerce websites predictability is the topmost requirement, both of these websites prove to be predictable with DECIBULLZ being the more predictable one with its clear and direct to point dropdown menus leaving very less to figuring out, with BCF being a multi category product line e-commerce website it still remains relatively predictable but with its exceeding product line it can become hard to predict after a certain point.

Familiarity: both of the websites remain familiar with similar design contacts with any e-commerce website, BCF and DECIBULLZ both have familiar interface where header has dropdown menus relating to its products, on the left side being the logos of both websites on the right being functional links/buttons towards search, my account and shopping cart, with there bodies including images of their products with its features, with its footer including all the necessary links.

Consistency: either of these websites offer consistency with DECIBULLZ offering a lot more consistence with its limited but true to its goal product line while in BCF a person can go from one product line to another without desiring to do so.

Generalization: both websites are generalized with the format of an e-commerce website being predictable and easy to interact with for first time users.

Dialogue initiative: both of these websites contain dialogue initiation where at any moment of these websites one can suspend tasks even in checkout.

Sustainability: both of these websites follow a sustainable approach where one doesn’t have search the product previously ordered again, BCF has a tendency for confusing product names limiting its sustainability.

Customisability: these websites offer limited customisation as a central nature of e-commerce website it needs to be predictable and direct.

Observability: both of the websites have very observation friendly interface where one can know where the person is and where he/she can go, where one can go directly to the links, but with BCF bringing its drawbacks of confusions making it difficult overall.

Recoverability: both websites offer enough recoverability from its errors, with DECIBULLZ providing a clear and visible 404 error with search box, BCF making it confusing with YOU’VE GONE OFFTHE BEATEN TRACK line not clearly showing if there is a error but proving enough links and a search dialog.

Responsiveness: both of these websites are responsive with DECIBULLZ being a little less responsive to load its heavy images, surprisingly BCF is more responsive than DECIBULLZ even with its larger offerings, with both being compatible for smaller resolutions like smartphones.

Recommendation

DECIBULLZ: DECIBULLZ is a very well thought out website leaving very little to point out, with its use of full resolution images it comes large in size to loadit might become more responsible when limiting image use also after providing social media links with images it again provides links to its social media in footer which is a sign of redundant design. This website leaves very little for improvement other than nit-picking.

BCF: BCF is a responsive website with a lot to offer rather too much to offer, this website must focus on usability of this website with main focus on user interface rather than product line extension, try to make it less confusing for people to checkout product’s needs.

Conclusion

Websitesin general must follow human computer interaction principles but more so in e-commerce websites both of these websites try their best to focus on usability with DECIBULLZ leaving a little to complain but BCF having a need for improvement both websites must focus on improving responsive with BCF must try to be direct to point when navigating like error page, BCF must shift its concentration from product line to actual functionality of website.

References

Decibullz, 2019. About us. [Online] Decibullz. Available at: https://www.decibullz.com/.[Accessed: 10 September 2019].
BCF, 2019. Boating, Camping and Fishing. [Online] BCF. Available at: https://www.bcf.com.au/. [Accessed: 10 September 2019].

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finance assignment help

Abstract

Introduction

Part A

Items recorded under the owners’ equity section

Movement in each item recorded under the owner equity section with the reason

Items have been recorded under the liabilities section

The movement in each item recorded under liabilities section with reason

Explain the relative advantages or disadvantages of each source of the fund each of your selected companies is using

Part b

Concept of small proprietary companies, large proprietary companies and reporting entity.

The implication of the terms, compliance and reporting requirement in all the above mentioned three types of companies

Conclusion

References

Abstract

I Introduction

II Financial Analysis of selected company

2.1 The key product for Jb Hi Fi Company is electronic household entertainment appliances –

2.2 Identify and conduct a trend analysis with two groups of financial ratios, including liquidity and capital structure of the selected company.

2.3 Perform a non-current asset analysis

2.4 Perform a scenario analysis with data provided

2.5 Identify and discuss any latest share or bond issuance by the selected company

2.6 Calculate and discuss the PE ratios and share price movement of the selected company through 3 years.

III Recommendation letter

IV Conclusions

References

Executive summary

Company background

Business strategy analysis

Discussion about any accounting adjustment

Justification of Assumption

Conclusion about the value of the firm and value of equity

References

Abstract

Introduction

Part A

(i) What items have been recorded under the owners’ equity section? Clearly explain.

(ii) Explain the movement in each item recorded under the owner equity section with the reason.

(iii) What items have been recorded under the liabilities section? Clearly explain.

(iv) Explain the movement in each item recorded under liabilities section with reason.

(iv) Explain the movement in each item recorded under liabilities section with reason.

(v) Briefly explain the relative advantages or disadvantages of each source of fund.

Part B

Conduct Research and critically examine the concepts of a small proprietary company, large proprietary company and reporting entity.

Conclusion

References

Introduction:

Collection and details of job advertisement data and sources:

Name of the organisation and industrial Breakdown:

Job title and the description mentioned in Job portal and advertisement:

Personal attributes needed in corporate accountant mentioned in job advertisement:

Key roles and task and job responsibilities of corporate accountants given in the advertisements:

Professional and accounting qualification needs to be posted in the job advertisements:

The key roles learnt in MPA unit and the terms related to the advertisement collected:

Additional topic missing in Unit MPA but those are listed in the Job description of Corporate accountants:

Skills, responsibilities and attributes needed to become a corporate accountant:

Conclusion

References

Introduction

Question 1

Facts

Rules

Analysis

Conclusion

Question 2:

Facts

Capitals Gain Tax

Material facts on the problems

Rules /law

Analysis

Conclusion

Conclusion

References

Executive summary

Introduction

Internal control weakness in each system and risk associated with the identified weakness

Purchase system

Cash disbursement system

Payroll system

Conclusion