buy online assignment

Describe

The lectures helped in gaining detailed insight into the procurement management and analyzing the risk that occurs in the procurement of goods. It has been analyzed that the project procurement management is the systematic method that helps in collaboration with the outside supplier so that the goods can be purchased easily. This procurement should be done by following the sustainable procurement management policy. As per this policy, the procurement of the goods should be done sustainably so that it can result in minimum effect on the environment (Mikkelsen, et. al., 2017). 

Interpret

This topic helped in getting a clear understanding about the procurement and ways through which it can be managed successfully using the sustainable policy in the business. It helped in strengthening my way of procuring the goods. It has been learned that the sustainable procurement is directly linked with the efficiency of resources, social responsibility, climate change. All these can help in making the efficient and effective use of resources and can help in building the goodwill of the business in society. I can use this policy in the future to inculcate sustainable practice in the business.

Evaluate 

The major benefit that has been gained through an understanding of procurement management is that it helps in the reduction of waste of goods as now they can be used more efficiently and effective manner (Glock & Broens,2013). It changed my way of adopting environment-friendly methods in the business. This is the new technique that is not been used by many organizations. The material that I did not find interesting was the lack of questions been asked as it has not resulted in depth understanding of a few things. Previously I thought that the procurement is an easy task and it can be carried through any supplier, but now it has been realized that procurement should be carried by taking into consideration the supplier who is doing it, ways through it are been done and the goods that are been used in the manufacture of the product.  

Plan

I believe that this topic will help me in the future when the procurement activity is being carried out. In the purchase of any item now I will endeavor to use the sustainable procurement policy so that it can be beneficial for me as well as the environment. I would like to study more by gaining in-depth knowledge through different research. 

References 

• Glock, C. H., & Broens, M. G. (2013). Size and structure in the purchasing function: evidence from german municipalities. Journal of Public Procurement, 13(1), 1.
• Mikkelsen, B. E., Clausen, A., & Nørgaard, A. F. (2017). Can regional public food procurement policies contribute to more sustainable cities?-case insights from the Aalborg city foodscape study. In 10th International Conference on Culinary Arts and Sciences 2017. Captive Food Studies, AAU.

Introduction

Joint ventures are the partnerships between two or many organizations to expand the business. If the company wants to successfully run the business for a long time then integration is needed. There are several types of a joint venture and for the access to entry in the foreign market; the companies are using this way to enhance in the growing developed world. It is the method of increasing profit. Like Shippit Pty Ltd. Has developed integration with eBay, Shopify, and many others for a different purpose. The e-Commerce craze in industries and companies for product sale in public and local vendors is very easy and digital in services. The digital markets involve the better options of product identifications, choosing, many options and tools for communication. On behalf of companies, there are facilities of market documents and information to save in the server and computing system. The market of company is dependent on the work profiles of an expert as well as an organization set up. The infrastructure of organizations is played a big role in company growth. Then the services of company and experts work experience and their profile are supported to a company about reputation in the market with their workability.

Organization profile

Shippit Pty Ltd. was the start-up launched in February 2015 in Sydney. It provides the delivery for hundreds of retailer’s across Australia. This software is trusted by all the retailers and provides fast and digital services in the digital world. It makes the shipping and transporting of goods simpler and easy for the different persons. It has integration with different websites as e-commerce and other accounting and inventory integrations. This helps in storing of goods from the destruction and save the company from the loss (Joint venture, 2019). The company has a profile of transportation, courier and delivery of items at address. So there is the responsibility of correct information collected about the customer and their requirements. The shipping and transportation have a great channel of management and communication for timely delivered. The services of before time delivery and timely delivery as good for quality of services. The people are like quality services in shipping like safe to travel, packaging and no damages, fast delivery. The company is represented e-commerce in services and apply online performance for better customer relationship. The digital market and online marketing are placed to good services in area of retailing, purchasing and delivery of items (Fleisch, et. al., 2015). There is also a set up of transportation which is communication and delivery quality based. In these services, transportation is well settled and monitored by a geographical positioning system. The GPS is a help to assessment of delivery at place and updated from time to time. It is also available for tracking path and identification of path. The company is required for the proper channel and database of customers and their communication. The delivery is documented with their feedback. It is the process of customer’s analysis in way of feedback management. The time analysis of consignment and their packaging, risk of packing and transportation for an item and their delivery in time (Ahmed, 2017).

Product/services profile

It is the company that provides various transporting services to the retailers and other benefits to the customers. It does not offer products it offers its services to the people across Australia. It helps in the packing and shipping of the product and offers tracking and delivery of the product until it reaches the customer. It also provides some professional services that are helpful for the retailers and also helps them in storing their product through the help of various inventory integration. It offers multiple delivery options and instant shipping for some of the retailers.

The features of services in company –

Services charges-

The services of company are recorded in reliable charges and affordable charges for customer. The standards of government are regulated by company in their services so it is collected the number of customers from the country (Ahmed, 2017).

Services profiles-

The services profile is good and safe. The transportation services are provided in channel and region wise. There is a staff of better know about locations and routes. 

Services transportation–

The transportation knowledge, vehicles, and packaging approvals are involved in company transportation services. The services are provided route charts and employees like a driver, helper with education and licenses (Fleisch, et. al., 2015).

Delivery services-

Delivery service has to time analysis and timely delivery at location. The delivery is based on correct information like accuracy in address and communication details. The delivery is in prescribed time like before time also. It is mentioned in a good quality of services.

Shipping –

Shipping in large print material is in packages problems and the shipping has targeted offers for customer and company clients. There are invited packages of offers for shipping. 

Free of cost shipping in offers-

The free cost of shipping invited in offers and celebration coupons system. The customers are invited by their long servicing by this company as to offer provided by company. It is initiative and attraction point of customers involved in. The free cost of shipping is a type of promotion in customer need.

Discounted offers-

The discounted offers are advertised for company and customers attractions. The offers are attracted at customer and other company customer opinion for servicing. It is promoted to a company and an increasing number of customers. There is a very easy process of online marketing and electronic commerce for offers and retailing.

Packaging services-

The services of delivery are addressed material of package and design of packing. It is required to safely deliver a product on a given address. The material has a property of thickness and flexible for an external attack. There are layers of packaging available in designs.

The packaging of transportation and Retailer Company is important for product and material safety. The services of delivery have important to safe and less risk of damage in product and their surface.

Time analysis of services-

Time is an important thing in delivering and transportation services. The product and items delivered earlier or on given time are considered as good services. The most of analysis of time frame in software for delivering things and updated. The item is tracked and after parsed alert of feedback for company. It is also important for service analysis and quality management (Bloom, et. al., 2018).

Objective and scope of the product

The main objective of the company is to provide customers with a service that is helpful to them. It also offers the return policy if the product is not satisfying and not delivered according to the needs of the consumer. It also provides the live shipping calculator that helps in accurate delivery estimates to the customer on the page of the website of Shippit Pty Ltd. It also helps to offer the cost spent on the shipment of the product and whether it is reasonable as per the delivery. It also offers transparency on how customers feel about the brand (Products, 2019).

Objectives of business and services-

• Management team
• Leadership for better performance
• Growth of company
• Maintain reputation
• Increases number of customers
• Customers review
• Staff selection
• Organization structure
• Operational plan and work chart
• Management meeting and consulting
• Decision making
• Monitoring of work
• Planning and assessment
• Quality management
• Feedback management and review
• Growth in technology
• Software and engineering adopted
• Risk assessment and identification
• Work breakdown plan 
• Implementation and replan 
• Business in regions with local people

Product features 

There is considered some product features. The product has some features on delivery to impress customer are as follows-

1. Same in positions
2. Safe in condition 
3. Packaging is proper without any damages
4. Address and communication sources are written on parcel
5. Timely delivered 
6. Quality in services and risk reduced
7. Given to concerned person and their evidence collected ( as signature and feedback on software and digital sign)
8. Options updated after delivery in online system
9. Packaging in good quality to make safer and trustworthy (Weyns & Ahmad, 2013).

Business model

The company uses the Freemium business model that offers basic web services to the customers. The company also uses the extra amount of shipping if instant delivery is used by the customers. When the person using digital services than almost all the suppliers using the same model for developing the business. This model is mostly used by the software industry who is offering their services on the digital platform. It offers real-time support and online services to the customers.

Freemium model –

Freemium business model means components of free cost, testing, rights of citizen and simplicity in services. There is consumer satisfied with free services and business offers. The productivity of services is easy and simple. Their options for using tools are very simple and usable for customers. There are advantages to product care and quality management. The product is unknown but cares better for delivering (Chan, 2015).

There are services provided on an online portal. It makes service approach very easy and trackable for information. It is very common to use information tools and technologies offers. The attractive offers and business plans are promoted customer on a good deal. It has the virtue of a good model and happy customers (Bloom, et. al.,2018).

Benefits of Freemium business model-

• The services are free.
• Upgrades are charged.
• Number of tools and features.
• Basic pack with more facilities
• Free services with a premium of membership
• Digital services
• Use anywhere and anytime
• Cost-effective
• Simple for use 
• Cost acquisitions for customers
• Feedbacks received
• Create demands

The model of Freemium is work in internet base setup with small customers and high earn. There are other software services involve for best quality and products (Bloom, et. al., 2018). There is some type of cost investment as follows as-

• Log in and id formation
• Account with a membership fee
• License fee

• Upgradation fees.

There are main steps of the Freemium business model –

Free trial – 

There is a free trial for customer attractions and collected information on communication with customers.

Subscribe- 

The services and software are available for updates seeking on the internet. There is requested to subscribe and get free news an updated about internet things. It is a good method for some customers approach maintains (Chan, 2015).

Upgrade to premium-

The membership obtains in once for services. Then process of up-gradation for customers are invited in various options. The options are in free services in money pack with free premium and their period of life. Up-gradation has many offers of customers attractions. It s strategy of business for invited more customers by offers. It continues of old customers on benefits and promotional activities (Laudon & Traver, 2016).

Plan renewal-

The plan is renewal in certain periods of services and updated with new plan available with features of benefits in software. The planned renewal is updated with some kind of discount like services more days and cut amount refund on renewal. The prices are achieved after offers from customers and included in software account for next updated and any recharges (Sharabi, 2013). 

(Source: Ncrypted technologies)

Option analysis

Shippit Pty Ltd gives the benefits of multiple delivery options to the customers that help in the increasing of the sales. It is studied from the recent report that it helps in increasing the sales by 86% and also that in Australia itself. It provides up to date delivery options and helps inconvenience of the customers. It also gives the customer the most attractive delivery and also optimized the shipping costs. It helps to build the brand and loyalty towards the customers. It also in differentiating the brand and also becomes transparent with the customers (Integrations, 2019).

The company is delivered products and items at the place of address in online software communications. The options are there for use and simple instructions on display. The software details have involved the analysis of customer and the requested on the system. The options analysis has option availability and their variables on portals for access. The accounts are generated by the customers, involved the options of services enjoyed. The options are provided to a customer to apply for services are several options for work easy and accessible. The cyber security for the software to not failure data and stolen data of company is involved. The system security is guarded by some kind of software’s .that is viable by informational technology engineers and their company. They are recommended for cyber security and data security by foreign crackers. Because there is important information about customers. The customers have account details of pack subscriptions, updation money transfer online process and their password of transactions by bank. The customer has a log in details and social account information’s (Weyns & Ahmad, 2013). 

 The options analysis has several features for customers favor- 

• Options are clear
• Simple in understanding 
• Customer attracted tools
• Graphics are attractable for software options
• The tools are designed and engineered with storage capacity.
• The graphical tools are easy to operate for customer with less literate (Laudon & Traver, 2016).

This is online services of e-commerce, online business, and software involvement for servicing and customer attachment. It is a mobile application and easily accessible for mobile and windows. The customer can use this anywhere and anytime. The properties are involved in the version of the software, supporting system and security of software information. The system is supported to any window and any version of a computer by their less memory set up  (Sharabi, 2013). The system is supported for their operations are automated and supplementary software for computer application run. The storage capacity is dependent on the cloud-based technology for separately involved and storage in a different folder for user used. The various companies are set up with that for servicing and their logos of operational promotions on websites.  So, security is important in this business due to their availability of data stored in a different folder (Bloom, et. al., 2018). 

Market feasibility

It helps in the investigation of the market that is targeted by the company and if the expansion is done than how many more markets they are capturing. It helps in studying the product and the related services given by them. It offers time-bound services with the amount of less cost involved in the shipping of the product. From this, it is analyzed that the competitors are ship beat, Temando, and Smart Freight. The employees also show interest in Bigcommerce and marketing.

Before the generation begins, the business visionary needs to foresee the conceivable advertise for the item. It needs to foresee who will be the conceivable client for their item and where their item will be sold. This is because creation has no incentive for the maker except if it is sold. Truth be told, the capability of the market comprises the determinant of conceivable reward from enterprising vocation. Along these lines knowing the foreseen market for the item to be delivered moved toward becoming an important component in field-tested strategy. The usually utilized strategies to evaluate the interest for an item are as per the following. :

Opinion surveying technique: In this technique, the assessment of definitive clients. This might be endeavored with the assistance of either a total study everything being equal or by choosing a couple of expending units out of the applicable populace.  

Life Cycle Segmentation Analysis: It is settled that like a man, each item has its very own life expectancy. In practice, an item sells gradually in the first place. Yelped by deals advancement systems over period its business gets. In the proper method of time, the pinnacle deal is come to. After that point, the business starts to decay. After at some point, the item loses its interest, what’s more, kicks the bucket (Wada, et. al., 2012). This is the regular demise of an item. Along these lines, each item goes through its life cycle. The item life cycle has been isolated into the accompanying five phases: Introduction, Development, Maturity, Saturation, and Decline.

Financial feasibility

It focuses on the financial aspects of the Shippit Pty Ltd and also focuses on the cash flow of the business and other aspects after the merger. The company’s vision is to ship the product every single day. It also helps the customers to keep happy and save their time and cost. Shippit Pty Ltd. is funded by almost nine investors and Aura Ventures are the most recent. The company has increased the revenue to the double than in the previous preceding years and also raised A$ 2,500,000 from the different venture to expand the business (About us, 2019).

Financial feasibility centers approximately the budgetary part of examination. It surveys the efficient suitability of a future endeavor by assessing the start-up costs, working costs, income & production an estimate of prospect performance. The results from a money related possibility study decide if the proposed task is monetarily conceivable and make an outcrop on pace of profit for contributing assets. 

The readiness of a money related financial study has three sections: 

Deciding the start-up costs

The initial phase in the planning of a money related practicality study is to recognize the costs expected to begin the undertaking. Average startup expenses are as per the following forthe Shippit Pty Ltd. is: 

• Buys for land and structures
• Obtaining of hardware
• Licenses and allows
• Stores required for office space leases
• Beginning buys for materials
• Lawful and bookkeeping expenses for fuse 
• Office furniture and supplies
• Showcasing research
• Representative wages
• Promoting
• Protection premiums
• Utilities

A significant number of these expenses are one-time costs; however, they’ll need subsidizing forthright before the business starts tasks.  

Setting up a profit plan and making cash flows

The preparation of anticipated deals, costs and income is straightaway and is the examination that decides whether the proposed endeavor will be monetarily reasonable. These projections incorporate the anticipated deals, expenses of creation or administrations and working costs isolated into fixed and variable classes.

The income projections incorporate the measure of assets required for startup and recognize where these monies will originate from. The measure of value capital is resolved alongside the sum and wellspring of all acquired assets and leases.

Evaluating the arrival on contributed capital

The expected benefits will be utilized to decide the monetary attainability of the venture. This piece of the money related investigation evaluates the appeal of the venture to value speculators and the general budgetary profit for the undertaking (Tajani & Morano, 2015). 

The money related achievability of a proposed effort can be evaluated utilizing a few basic techniques: 

Net present value – The net present worth technique utilizes a rate to limit future money streams to the present. On the off chance that the NPV of the limited money streams surpasses the expense of the underlying venture, at that point the task is doable and ought to be acknowledged. 

Internal rate of return– The IRR strategy utilizes a similar equation for figuring the net current assessment of money streams. The IRR is the reduction rates that make the NPV of money outpourings and inflows comparable to zero. This IRR can be utilized to think about the engaging quality of a few activities.

Payback period – The compensation time outline is quantity of years that it takes for the arrival from a task to recoup the expenses of the speculation. Shorter recompense periods are liked. The compensation technique overlooks the time estimation of cash that is utilized in ascertaining the IRR or NPV of an undertaking.

Marketing model

The company has a digital platform so it uses the digital marketing model for the company. It uses six C’s of the customer motivation tools to use the platform and provide their services according to their own. This makes the company successful in the market. It also uses new technology to attract the customers and also provide them real-time data and the lowers cost for the good quality of services. It helps to develop communication with the customer on online retailers.

The 6 C’s of the customer motivation tools to use the startup platform and gives the services regarding the customers are:

Customer

In this day and age, an organization’s promoting methodology should be client-centered. It’s tied in with understanding the objective shopper; their needs, needs, and inspirations. Not as socioeconomics, psychographics or some other designs, yet as genuine individuals. Such learning is basic in advertising since having a solid (Hopkinson, 2017). Comprehension of purchaser conduct will help shed light on what is essential to the client. It’s tied in with concentrating on the objective client first and afterward working back to the brand. Organizations have mindshare before concentrating on a piece of the pie.

Consistency

Organizations need to keep up consistency in their message training called coordinated showcasing correspondences from bundling and publicizing to deals advancement and exposure. This will keep up and fortify a brand’s character and picture in a genuine setting and abstain from accomplishing something brainless like changing the particular shade of the UPS truck to orange. 

Creativity

Creativity is basic to stand out in a world jumbled with a great many messages. Creativity means dropping the standards, and participates in out-of-box thinking so advertisers can reach past rationale and structure and tap into their minds. 

Creativity Informs: Marketing’s duty to illuminate is significantly improved by inventiveness. Imagination makes advertising progressively distinctive, and numerous scientists accept splendor stands out, looks after intrigue, and animates purchasers thinking. 

Creativity Persuades: The people of old Greeks made legends and fantasies about divine beings and saints images for mankind’s intuitive longings and fears to impact human conduct and thought. 

Creativity Reminds: Imagine utilizing a similar welcome, with no imagination, to remind individuals to attempt a specific item regularly for a month. The welcome would wind up stale in all respects rapidly. No one but inventiveness can change drilling updates into intriguing, engaging promoting interchanges. 

Culture

All advertising interchanges need culturally diverse research to have the option to succeed. It’s easy to see things from their very own point of view, accepting that every other person on the planet thinks precisely like they and ought to comprehend what’s so incredible about their item or administration. Simply finding out pretty much every one of the missteps made by huge companies demonstrates that even the most sizable and experienced advertisers have made blunders on numerous occasions.

Communication

This one is fundamental. Purchasers would prefer not to be” showcased to” Rather, they need to be” spoke with” Good advertising communication makes an incentive with objective clients, communicates in their language and recounts to their story. It’s tied in with structure long haul, dependable, and productive associations with their clients. 

Change

Advertising isn’t only a business work, yet a procedure. There is a start, center, yet there will never be an end. Advertisers should always show signs of change as society changes. They ought to never be hesitant to have a go at something new (Hopkinson, 2017). Showcasing should be a developing procedure that thinks about change on the planet, economy, advertise, buyers; just as inside change inside the association.

Project analysis and risk management

The company wants the expansion through integration with the different ventures and analysis the project accordingly. The analysis of the project is done and it specifies that the cost involved in the project is less. The risk is there in the joint venture that it amounts to not justify the expenses and the money and resources get wasted. Analyzing the project also needs the experts that also involve the cost of professionals and risk-mitigating measures involve the cost. The ventures also help the company a lot so it is good for the position (Marketing model, 2019). 

Risk Analysis

This phase of the process is a common element into two ‘subarranges’: a qualitative examination ‘sub-stage’ that spotlights on familiar proof & abstract evaluation of risks, & a quantitative investigation ‘sub-organize’ that spotlight on an objective appraisal of risks. 

Qualitative Analysis

A qualitative investigation permits the standard risk sources or factors to be documented. This can be done, for example, with the guide of agenda, meetings or meetings to create new information. This is usually linked with some kind of assessment that could be the depiction of each hazard & its effect or an emotional identification of each risks as far as the two its effect & its likelihood of event (Bowers & Khorakian, 2014). An echo point is to distinguish the key risks, maybe somewhere in the range of five & 10, for each task which are then ruined down & manage in more elements. 

Quantitative Analysis

Quantitative investigations repeatedly include progressively complex systems, typically requiring PC programming. To certain individuals, this is the most official element of the whole process requiring: 

• opinion of vulnerability in expense & time measure; 
• Probabilistic mix of entity vulnerabilities. 

Such methods can be associated with shifting degrees of effort extending from unassuming to widely careful. It is suggested that new specialists start regularly, maybe notwithstanding overlook this ‘sub-organize’, until an environment of consideration has been created for venture chance examination & management in the organization. 

A fundamental qualitative examination is basic. It acquires important benefit terms of accepting the venture & its issue anyway of whether a quantitative study is done. It might similarly provide to feature believable outcome for risk ‘conclusion’, i.e. the enhancement of an exacting intends to supervise an exacting risk issue (Bowers & Khorakian, 2014). Experience has demonstrated that qualitative examination recognizing & evaluating risks, as a rule, prompts an underlying if straightforward, level of quantitative examination. If under any circumstances, for example, time or on the other hand asset weight or cost limitations both a qualitative & quantitative examination is unthinkable, it is the qualitative examination that ought to remain.  

(Source: hP Audit, 2019)

Risk Management

This phase of the procedure includes the detailing of managements reactions to the primary risks. Risk managements may begin during the qualitative investigation stage as the need to react to risks might be critical & the arrangement genuinely self-evident (Guo, et. al., 2014).  Cycle between the risk investigation & risk management’s stages is likely. 

Risk management can include: 

• executing measures to evade a risk, to decrease its impact or to diminish its likelihood  of event; 
• building up alternate courses of action to manage risks if they ought to happen;
• starting further examinations to diminish vulnerability through better data; 
• considering risk move to back up plans; 
• considering risk portion in contracts; 
• Setting possibilities in cost gauges, glide in projects & resistances or ‘space’ in execution particulars. 
• Section 6 of this guide thinks about a portion of the systems of PRAM in more detail.

Finding and conclusion

From the above analysis, it is discovered that joint ventures help in successfully increasing the value of the organization. It also helps to promote the brand image of the company in front of the competitors and the customers. As the joint venture increases the revenue of the company it also increases the borrowings of the company. To develop the company or to expand the business in different areas all the people need some of the investment that large the cost of the company. These points help the company to understand whether the deal is successful or not. In this assessment, the analysis has been done on the chosen company Shippit Pty Ltd. The discussion made on the organization profile, objectives and scope of the product, Business model, Market feasibility, Financial Feasibility, Marketing model, Project analysis and risk management. Managing projects effectively will enable one to convey remarkable outcomes. Each venture is driven by an undertaking supervisor, and his group contains individuals who have specific abilities that are fundamental for the fruitful finish of every single given errand and procedures. The ownership of helpful aptitudes is of little use if not supported appropriately or executed productively. The ideal use of these aptitudes can be attempted in the zones referenced beneath. These are the proper skills used in project management of the Shippit Pty Ltd. such as Managing Risk, quality control, managing change efficiently, reduces chaos in project.

References

• About us. (2019). Details about the company. [Online]. About us. Available at: https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/shippt#section-interest-signals-by-bombora. [Accessed: 01 September 2019].
• Ahmed, O., 2017. Organizational Commitment and Employee Efficacy Influence Employee Performance.
• Bloom, N., Floetotto, M., Jaimovich, N., Saporta‐Eksten, I. and Terry, S.J., 2018. Really uncertain business cycles. Econometrica, 86(3), pp.1031-1065.
• Bowers, J., & Khorakian, A. (2014). Integrating risk management in the innovation project. European Journal of innovation management, 17(1), 25-40.
• Chan, H.C., 2015. Internet of things business models. Journal of Service Science and Management, 8(04), p.552.
• Fleisch, E., Weinberger, M. and Wortmann, F., 2015. Business models and the internet of things. In Interoperability and Open-Source Solutions for the Internet of Things (pp. 6-10). Springer, Cham.
• Guo, F., Chang-Richards, Y., Wilkinson, S., & Li, T. C. (2014). Effects of project governance structures on the management of risks in major infrastructure projects: A comparative analysis. International Journal of Project Management, 32(5), 815-826.
• Hopkinson, M. (2017). The project risk maturity model: Measuring and improving risk management capability. Routledge.
• hPAudit, (2019). Welcome to Risk Management process. [Online]. hPAudit. Available at: https://hpaudit.co.za/how-to-improve-risk-management-in-your-business/. [Accessed: 03 September 2019].
• Integrations. (2019). Welcome to Shippit Pty Ltd. [Online]. Integrations. Available at: https://www.shippit.com/integrations/. [Accessed: 01 September 2019].
• Joint venture. (2019). A joint venture can be successful in a start-up. [Online]. Joint venture. Available at: https://www.startupdaily.net/2014/01/makes-joint-ventures-successful/. [Accessed: 01 September 2019]
• Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G., 2016. E-commerce: business, technology, society.
• Marketing model. (2019). Digital marketing tools. [Online]. Marketing model. Available at: https://www.smartinsights.com/marketing-planning/marketing-models/digital-marketing-models/. [Accessed: 01 September 2019].
• Ncrypted technologies, (2019). Welcome to Risk Management process. [Online]. Ncrypted technologies. Available at: https://www.ncrypted.net/blog/freemium-business-model/. [Accessed: 03 September 2019].
• Products. (2019). Products offered by the company. [Online]. Products. Available at: https://www.shippit.com/shippit-professional-services/. [Accessed: 01 September 2019]
• Sharabi, M., 2013. Managing and improving service quality in higher education. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 5(3), pp.309-320.
• Tajani, F., & Morano, P. (2015). An evaluation model of the financial feasibility of social housing in urban redevelopment. Property Management, 33(2), 133-151.
• Wada, K., Akimoto, K., Sano, F., Oda, J., & Homma, T. (2012). Energy efficiency opportunities in the residential sector and their feasibility. Energy, 48(1), 5-10.
• Wagner, T.M., Benlian, A. and Hess, T., 2013, January. The Advertising Effect of Free–Do Free Basic Versions Promote Premium Versions within the Freemium Business Model of Music Services?. In 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 2928-2937). IEEE.
• Weyns, D. and Ahmad, T., 2013, July. Claims and evidence for architecture-based self-adaptation: a systematic literature review. In European Conference on Software Architecture (pp. 249-265). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Assessment 2: Reflective Journal Part A

Forecasts can also be termed as estimates and approximations and they are known to be perfect. As I have seen forecasting horizons can be made for a period of long duration that is for five years or more medium-term that is for more than one and to two years. Different kinds of forecasting can be made as per quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative methods can be described on the basis of experience, judgment and knowledge described guesses whereas qualitative methods are based on data, statistics, and systematic methods used to decrease risks.

Let’s see from an example we will see how NPV is calculated. A project is of an initial cost of $200,000 and it has a lifetime value of five years (Alwan, et al., 2015). There is no salvage. Depreciation is made as per a straight-line basis and needed return is 12% with an overall tax rate of 34%. Base case of NPV is found to be 15,567. Forecasting risk describes a range of sensitivity of NPV to changes in cash flow assessments and more sensitive it is to NPV the more range is found of forecasting risks. Greater the volatility is found in NPV as associated with a specific variable, greater is forecasting risk attached with that variable.

I can say from results that a majority of cases have positive NPV then project must be accepted without any hesitation. If any crucial variable is found that leads to negative NPV with a minute change in estimates then in such case project must not be accepted. Accounting break-even provides an indication to managers about how a project will affect accounting profit. In time series models higher values can place too much weight on a random variation of last duration.

It can be said by us that if any project cannot break even as per an accounting basis then it is not said to be a worthy project (Boardman & Hellowell, 2017). Also, capital rationing incurs when a firm or division has fewer resources. Time series models include working on time that can be years, date, hours, and minute’s data to find about hidden insights to make a useful decision making. Forecasting is made as we can say that it uses historical data to make useful estimates that are analytical in finding direction of futuristic trends. Working of simulation can only be seen only when any bad decision is to be made if no heed is paid on analysis of interaction among variables.

References

• Alwan, Z., Greenwood, D., and Gledson, B., 2015. Rapid LEED evaluation performed with BIM based sustainability analysis on a virtual construction project. Construction Innovation. Available at: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/21550/1/BIM%20qatar%202018%20pure.pdf
• Boardman, A. and Hellowell, M., 2017. A comparative analysis and evaluation of specialist PPP units’ methodologies for conducting value for money appraisals. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 19(3), pp.191-206. Available at: http://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/files/25271294/Boardman_Hellowell_2016_JoCPA_comparative_analysis.pdf

Introduction

There is always a need of improving efficiency and productivity of an organization. The method that can be used to increase this efficiency and productivity is project delivery systems. It is the method used by an organization in which there is design, construction, operation and management of a structure or facility by entering into legal consideration with the other parties. These can be used in different ways like in designing bid build, design build and construction management at risk. It will also increase the profitability of the organization which can be beneficial for organizational growth in the future. It has various methods for designing which includes involvement of contractor, designer and owner in different ways. There is not such a specified method for choosing a project delivery system, it just depends on the type of project, project characteristics, its prone and corns for choosing an correct and appropriate method

(Source: Author)

Project delivery system

It is a process which includes planning; construction and designing required to build any building or can be used in other type of projects.  Choosing a correct and appropriate delivery system is an important decision taken by the organization while developing their development strategy. The project completion and outcomes will have a great impact on choosing correct Project delivery system. For this one has to consider all three areas related to this which is delivery systems, their methods and their contract format.

(Source: Author)

Project delivery methods 

• Construction Management at Risk (CMR) 

This method has the information about a committee responsible for construction of the project under the given cost for the project. The cost can be approx or maximum cost for the construction. It will provide input for construction in designing phase and contractor during construction phase. It includes owner, designer and Construction Management contractor. In this method everybody works for the owner directly and he is responsible for every designing.

(Source: Author)

• Design-Bid-Build (DBB) or traditional

This method involves three types of phases which are designing phase, bid phase and building phase. Designing phase involves selection of a designer of the project for development of design.  Bid phase involves selection of a contractor and the build phase involves selection of a low bid contractor. This method will lead to a fixed and low bid contract for the project. In this both designer and contractor are responsible for designing and bidding.

 (Source: Author)

• Design-Build (DB) 

This method includes use of only single designer and contractor for development of architectural and other designs of the project. In this owner and designer are responsible for any construction and designing.

(Source: Author)

• Multi – prime(MR)

In this method, owner chooses different contactor and designer for different architectural and other engineering designs. This will include owner, designer and many contractors which are responsible for each designing. In this as many persons are associated with single project designing so a problem of coordination may occurs.

(Source: Author)

Benefits of Project delivery methods 

Performance cost of all the delivery systems will improve and construction cost gets reduced.

The project designing and construction will complete in the given budget.

The project gets completed at the given scheduled time. This will make project more reliable and relevant.

By choosing correct delivery methods, one can achieve client’s satisfaction.

It will increase efficiency of the project.

It will improve the quality of construction and designing.

(Source: Author)

Conclusion

It can be conclude that by using and choosing correct and appropriate project delivery system, efficiency and productivity of a project can be increased. For this we can use several methods and construction formats beneficial for that specific project. In these methods responsibility of designing and construction is of owner, designer and contractor. It can be beneficial for the project because it will refine the designing of the project model by using new technology and techniques. It will also bring customers satisfaction by doing proper and best construction and designing of the project. It has various advantages also which helps in increasing profitability of the organization which can be beneficial for organizational growth in the future. It will also build a good and healthy working coordination between owner, contractor and designer.

References 

• • Alarcón, L. F., & Mesa, H. (2012, July). A modeling approach to understand performance of lean project delivery system. In Proc., 20th Annual Conf. of the Int. Group for Lean Construction, IGLC (Vol. 20).

• Lee, Y. S., Kang, T. K., Shin, E. Y., & Park, W. (2013). Comparison of Cost Performance for Delivery Methods on Public Construction Projects. Journal of The Korean Society of Civil Engineers, 33(6), 2575-2582.

• WANG, M. X., & REN, H. (2013). Optimal Project Delivery Method Based on Cost Control [J]. Journal of Engineering Management, 2.

Assessment 1: Article Summary

Introduction

This article summary is to provide a brief introduction to article 1 which shows that today, the mining firms grasp the great number of mineral inventories and this could be valuable only if the investment decision for these mining firms is made at right time with much effectiveness. Article 2 shows the classification of the operational risks into behavioural, technical and delivery proficiency risks.

Risk of commodity price, production cost and time to build in resource economics

The real option-type models can address effectively this problem. The threat that is attributed to technology innovation, commodity price, and the time period in establishing a mining process can make much weak to this advantage.  The mean-reverting process is a realistic and much effective way for computation capacity, modelling prices of the commodity, a theory of microeconomics and big data (Zhang, et. al., 2018). For the mining investment decisions, there is an imperative risk factor named ”time to build”. This factor will also have an impact on mine’s value and the optimal price threshold as well. This article has also given a quantitative framework. This framework is about how the exploration tasks can affect the decisions of mining. This article had also focused on several directions for the potential future. These focused points are a moderate correlation involving the metal price and the energy price. Both of these fall under the class of commodity. In accumulation, mining activity is highly demanding in terms of energy and this energy may compile out of 50 % of total cost of mining. Moreover, the real option article also focuses on other factors such as employment cost for a geological grade, commodity market cycles, and metal mines. 

Risk management for product-service system operation

This article is about categorizing operational threats into behavioural, technical, and release competence risks. This article also represents the most important step on the way to establish a structure for evaluating the risk management and operational risk with context to PSS (product-service system). This is much important for the reason that provider need to suppose increment in operational risks when providing the product-service system. This operational risk becomes a key barrier on the way to their full-scale product-service system transformation. This article made a research on how the operational risk focuses on specific aspects and service sectors such as banking and supply chain risks. These aspects and sectors restrict the contribution to the product-service system literature. This literature mainly focuses on the manufacturing industries (Reim, et. al., 2016). The second contribution to this article is for establishing an overview of strategies of risk managing for the PSS operation. This article has adapted 4 basic risk responses in context with the product-service system and these are discussed in risk management literature. This article has also proposed a new approach for how the responses of risk are used for managing these three categories of PSS operational risk. In the end, the most important contribution of this article is to recognize and elaborate major decision criteria that offer the direction for the selection of an appropriate risk response. 

Conclusion

This article summary concludes a brief description of the two articles. These articles told about the classification of the operational threats into behavioural, technical and delivery competence threats and the mining firms grasps a great number of mineral inventories and this could be valuable only if the investment decision for these mining firms is made at right time with much effectiveness. 

References

• Reim, W., Parida, V., & Sjödin, D. R. (2016). Risk management for product-service system operation. International Journal of Operations & Production Management.
• Zhang, K., Olawoyin, R., Nieto, A., & Kleit, A. N. (2018). Risk of commodity price, production cost and time to build in resource economics. Environment, development and sustainability, 20(6), 2521-2544.

Assessment 2: Reflective Journal

This reflection is all about the Acquisition of program information and communication systems. In this time its contribution is so large that it gives its main focus on productivity and generation of revenues. There are many options provided for obtaining information systems that are purchasing, take on lease and built it. The most interesting topic that is provided in this topic is to acquire information system is to buy it will provide so many benefits which include It saves more time then to build it, Also the company can identify its results before investing in this, also the company no need to costs based on hiring as no person needs to hire for the system (Nasr, et al., 2015). There are also some demerits of buying the information system which includes what expectation made from the system may not be like that, once the information system got implemented it is hard to modify it and also takes so much time in changing, it is a tough task to combine the new system with the already existing systems.

 Earlier it was known that information system can only be acquired through purchase not through leasing or building but from this topic it gets to know that anybody not only can acquire the information system through purchase instead they can also acquire it through lease and building. Information systems can be acquired through purchasing, leasing, and building. Also acquiring information systems through leasing is considered quite well. Some of the advantages of this leasing are that it will provide proper balance in the budget, also with the help of leasing it will facilitate fast technological distribution, and it reduces efforts. But with all merits there are some demerits together which include no asset available in the premises relating to that, also it gives chances of unaccepted risk and also it is not possible to follow all the terms and conditions for such a long period. 

Most people follow the concept of acquiring information systems through buying but from this content, it gets to know that it is also a better option to hire information on the lease or acquire it by self-building. Building is also a good option for minimizing other expenses related to buying and leasing.  From this topic, it is learned that rather than acquiring information systems through buying it is better to build this system In- House (Al-Durra, et al., 2018).  There are two ways in building the information system that is Build from scratch and build from components.

 By hiring software engineers it will be possible to build an in-house information system. For the implementation of effective information software, there are 8 stages for that which include: Starting of the project, Analysis of the system and the studies made from them, Designing and logical analysis, developing and acquisition, Execution, functioning, Post Audit, and preservation.

References

• Al-Durra, M., Nolan, R. P., Seto, E., Cafazzo, J. A., & Eysenbach, G. 2018. Nonpublication rates and characteristics of registered randomized clinical trials in digital health: Cross-sectional analysis. Journal of medical Internet research, 20(12), e11924. Available at: https://www.jmir.org/2018/12/e11924/?fbclid=IwAR0sXsiSvkVYynLzA_dhYZnKxzedp82cK5_ITmPcikGCgLDvesFGVSjY4&utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=JMIR_TrendMD_0
• Nasr, F.M.M., Zhen, T. and Abdelgader, A.M.S., 2015. National information and communication technology policy in Yemen: The Response of security sector for decision-making. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science (Vol. 2). Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291338691_National_Information_and_Communication_Technology_Policy_in_Yemen_The_Response_of_Security_Sector_for_Decision-MakingEnter_title

Assessment 2 Reflective Journal B

Week 8 and 9 recommended reading on the leadership of Culture, Ethics, and Diversity & strategic leadership and change management. I analyse from the topic that the culture of an organization is the aggregate of values, beliefs, norms, and assumption which is shared by employees among each other. The culture in an organization either created by design or by default. I also understand the strong and weak culture of the organization. The strong culture is the culture in which a complete agreement on key values and norms. In this culture, leaders play a key role.  It is linked with the high performance with the passion of achieving. Weak culture usually linked with low performance. In this culture employee’s resistance to change, unhealthy promotion activities, lack of experience and lack of shared values. I read about the ethics that the leader should develop the ethical environment in the organization. Diversity plays a great role in allowing the companies to recruit the employees from the larger pools, train and retain the superior performers. Diversity helps in solving a creative problem (Kumar, & Steinmann, 2015). 

The most interesting thing that I read about strategic leadership and changes is that the leaders have a dynamic role in developing the strategy of the organization when a company plans to re-engineer its business practices, adopting new technologies, acquiring new skills and capabilities. The company requires changes to create an edge over its competitors in the market place. The changes in the workplace often resistant by employees but I understand after reading that the effective leader moulds the employee behaviour by providing the best strategy and by creating awareness towards changes (Rothaermel, 2016). 

I understand from the reading that the organization culture, ethics, and diversity in the leadership are imperative not only for the organization but for the employees too. The culture of the organization is the set of behaviour that is followed by employees in the performance of the task of an organization. The leaders in the organization had taken a step to evaluate whether the company follows all the rules and regulations. The company is operated ethically. When the leaders are identifying the activities which are not right for the company. Then the leader declared that activity is wrong and it is unethical.  I also learned that leadership is a necessity in framing the strategy of any plan or activity. The modification in the policy of the company provides new avenues for its development and the leaders take action to familiar all employees with these changes by providing its benefits.   

According to my knowledge which I gather from this source, I analyse that the strategic leadership in the organization and the cultures, values, beliefs of the organization both are linked with each other. The company which follows all the norms and regulation then it provides an aid to a leader to develop the strategy of development when business is going to be expanded (Kumar, & Steinmann, 2015). 

References

Kumar, B. N., & Steinmann, H. (Eds.). (2015). Ethics in international management (Vol. 84). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4Ar0CQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=ethics+,+culture+and+diversity+in+an+organization&ots=mPmc8SsnyP&sig=XoxhG8Spe4yA8qq-KKBrtZmmqgI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=ethics%20%2C%20culture%20and%20diversity%20in%20an%20organization&f=false

Rothaermel, F. T. (2016). Strategic management: concepts (Vol. 2). McGraw-Hill Education. Available at: https://www.amberton.edu/media/Syllabi/Spring%202020/Graduate/MGT6203_21.pdf

Assessment 2 Reflective Journal A

Week 6 and 7 recommended reading on the team and organizational leadership. I analyse from the topic that the team is very useful in the organization. They provide the best opportunity for enhancing profits and productivity. The teamwork provides more output than as individuals. The team in an organization determined on the common objective, common mission, sharing insight and information and provide support to the efforts of each other.

In an organization, the team offers collective benefits, provide more opportunities for new ideas, and also provide job satisfaction to the members. Team leaders in an organization have a critical role. He is a role model, chief motivator, coach and mentor, etc. 

As per my analysis, I acknowledged that in an organizational leadership charisma and transformational leadership play a great role. The theories of charismatic and transformational leadership focus on organizational leadership. The followers’ influence by the charismatic and transformational leaders who then come together to accomplish the common goal of an organization. These leaders impacted the political, cultural, social and economic systems. Transformational leadership is about providing information to the followers that the current system has some problem and due to this change in the condition is necessary. Transformational leadership also provides a clear vision of what a new organization could be (Bunting, 2016).

I understand from the reading that in the team led the team leader plays a complex role. They direct the team towards the accomplishment of the goals of an organization. They provide coaching and training to the members of the team. So they effectively and efficiently perform their work. In an organization, the leader cantered decision making does not work well. The leaders transfer some of the decision making to the team members. This leads to an increase in the effectiveness of a team and it creates a good image of a team leader in the eyes of a team member. As per my perception, the charismatic and transformational leadership provides the way to the leaders to reduce the employee turnover by satisfying its team member. 

I assessed that team leadership is very imperative for the organization to perform the task insufficient and effective manner. The team leader is the one who provides all the means to his team to achieve the organizational goal. He is a mentor or trainer who trained the employees of the company or organization. Team members are working in an organization in a coordinated manner. It is just possible only because of team leader. Organizational leadership based on charismatic and transformational leadership. I learned from this that the charisma of a leader based on his extraordinary qualities and the complex situation he faces in the organization (Woodcock, 2017). 

As per my point of view, the organization provides support to leadership development among the employees. This helps in the efficacy of the organization.

References

Bunting, M. (2016). The mindful leader: 7 practices for transforming your leadership, your organization, and your life. John Wiley & Sons. Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=khGcDQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR15&dq=organisation+leadership&ots=5yBqKRIObp&sig=k8eip4g34A32SAzePTFPOoqU2fY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=organisation%20leadership&f=false

Woodcock, M. (2017). Team development manual. Routledge. Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=7KxBDgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT8&dq=team+in+organisation&ots=E-JefQDOJU&sig=crfKj_gYF-VwGmKWwd6Uv0VO2kk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=team%20in%20organisation&f=false

Abstract

In this particular study, the emphasis has been given on the efficacious role of a project manager with the influence and leadership ability with which the manager makes effective decisions to carry out the tasks accordingly. In addition, a discussion has been made on the competencies of the project manager and the impact on the entire activity using six journal articles minutely. Project M tangent activity is thought to be the most important aspect for any corporate organization that determines the sustainability of the organization in this regard, the organizations aim to recruit product managers who will be able to instruct and provide necessary guidance to the team members to finish the project activity in stipulated time. 

Introduction

In the present day scenario business, organizations focus on recruiting effective leaders in their organizations, and maintain sustainability in the overall process. In his regard, they also recruit project management specialists who perform necessary roles and responsibilities based on which the organization can easily be able to complete the activities in less time. The project manager plays an indispensable role in providing effective guidance to the members involved in a particular project to accomplish the tasks in a systematic manner. The effective role of the project manager ensures the successful completion of the project management activities systematically. For this reason, successful business organizations aim to recruit effective leaders in the project activities under whose leadership the entire activity will get the scope of finishing effectively. The particular study will highlight the efficacious role of a project manager with the influence and leadership ability with which the manager makes effective decisions to carry out the tasks accordingly. Also, a discussion will be made on the competencies of the project manager and the impact on the entire activity using six journal articles minutely.

Discussion

The project manager performs the necessary roles and responsibilities to provide a strategic viewpoint in terms of completing the project activity accordingly.  At the same time the effective handling of the entire project activity is In order to complete a particular project the project manager focuses on classifying the project into five distinctive steps which are :

• Project initiation 

• Project planning

• Project Execution

• Monitoring the project

• Closing the project

All these steps are essential for the project manager to finish the project successfully. 

Figure 1: Project Management Steps

(Source: Kerzner, 2019)

Discussion on the phases

Project initiation 

It is the first phase here aspects such as feasibility, value, etc are looked at by the project management team. More importantly, the manager takes active participation in the activity to ensure a prolific understanding of the tools used in the entire activity (Kerzner, 2019). In this regard, the manager specifies two essential tools to evaluate the project activity are Business Case and Study of feasibility.

Project planning

In this step, the project manager engages the entire team to make them understand the essential activities related to project management by means of a definite plan (Poston and Richardson, 2019). Most of the time the project manager engages in identifying the resources, gaining financing credentials for the suitable accomplishments of the project.

Project Execution

The project magnet in these steps plays a crucial role in terms of organizing necessary deliverables for satisfying the customers. The leaders of the project team take the lead role of providing preop-er allocation to the resources from one individual to another so that they can be able to provide the best beer in the activities. 

Monitoring the project

The project manager monitors the entire controlling process minutely. Also, he provides necessary strategies to the involved members to bring agility and rapidity in the activity (Galli, 2020).  Simultaneously, the responsibility of the team members gets enhanced with the passage of time in terms of reviewing and informing daily updates to the project manager regarding the procedural activities. 

Closing the project

After successfully finishing the project in time, the members deliver the project to the respective customers. In this phase, the project manager makes full effort to gain the trust of the customers repeatedly for the sake of earning profitability on a regular basis.

The presence of a project manager brings agility and efficiency in the regular activities for project management. More importantly, the manager tries to create a suitable working environment based on which the members involved in the team get the scope of executing the necessary activities effectively. Below are discussed the essential aspects where project manager influence a lot:

Discussion on the influential aspects of a project manager
Sl no.	Influential perspectives of project manager	Discussion
1.	Providing vision and direction	An effective project manager aims to understand the vision of a particular project based on which he provides necessary guidance to fellow members (Henkel et al., 2019). At the same time, they indulge themselves in making effective conversation with the stakeholders as well as the entire project team that decreases the element of doubt and confusion.
2.	Increasing effectiveness	The project manager takes considerable responsibility for defining the tasks among the members with the maintenance of a sequence of orders. It increases the scope of efficiency among the members.
3.	Controlling scope	The scope of the project is controlled by the manager in the sense that the manager focuses on delivering the project variables so that there should not be any discrepancy in the project management activities.
4.	Managing costs	Timely delivery of a project with a prominent budget is the basic requirement for successfully completing the project. In terms of controlling the monetary costs, the role of a project manager is instrumental along with the equipment cost needed for the successful completion of the project (Sha, 2019).
5.	Managing time	Time is considered to be an important factor in project activities and project managers make use of time accordingly to provide a specified strategy to the project (Wu et al., 2019).
6.	Administering procurement	In procurement activities also, the active role of a project manager helps a lot for the organization to manage the necessary materials in order to complete the project.

Table 1: Discussion on the influential aspects of a project manager

(Source: Created by the learner)

A skilled project manager is always a bonus for any business organization whose proactive expertise can make an eventful contribution to the prolific completion of a project’s activities. In his regard, the project manager needs to have several project competencies that determine the success of the entire project activities. Below are stated the competencies in detail:

Illustration of competencies of Project Manager
Sl no.	List of competencies	Discussion
1.	Execution	Looking  for scope development with productive management Playing the role of managing budgets schedules related to the project activity Deploying potential organizational skills Incorporating principles related to time management to provide a stealthy workflow
2.	Decision-making skills	Collecting as well as structuring the essential data to understand the relativity of the project activities Making relevant decisions after realizing facts and circumstances Conducting scenario analysis
3.	Communication	Conveying information to all the associated stakeholders in both forms written as well as verbal Determining the proper channel of communication Inferring effectual insights to finish the project activity Employing active listening to the completion of the project
4.	Proficient team management	Providing motivation and inspiration to the teams Managing conflicts effectively Trying to make a strong relationship with the project members Demonstrating the organization of the team with proper governance
5.	Having a profound knowledge regarding business activities	Understanding the  present trend of the industry which influences the decision-making process Providing an instant response to business changes that might be detrimental for the business scenario Monitoring the ongoing competition in the market and its possible consequence on the entire business activities
6.	Technical competence	Understanding the need for using improved tools and technologies in the project management activities Devising needful strategies to maintain technical flexibility
7.	Prominent critical thinking	Maintaining specific objectivity of the project Applying a detailed analysis of the project  Making integration of the entire project with cross-functional procedures
8.	Superior leadership skills	Taking prominent initiatives from time to time Mentoring the other team members Responding in an unstable political situation

Table 2: Illustration of competencies of Project Manager

(Source: Created by the learner)

It is important for a project manager to possess important leadership skills based on which the other members involved in the project can be able to acquire the encouragement to carry out the project activities in an effective manner. Essential skills of leadership assure the prolific advancement in the project management activities which paves the way for getting success in an organization. The essential leadership skills required from a project manager are mentioned below:

Leadership skills of a Project Manager
Sl no	Leadership traits	Illustration
1.	Communication	While conducting project activities the project management looks to make an effective communication channel amongst the team members (Rehman et al., 2020). It provides the necessary impetus to perform the activity prominently.
2.	Sharing prominent vision	Skilled project manager always has a clear vision regarding the whole activity of the project management that allows him to share the vision with the team members in a suitable manner.
3.	Prominent team engagement	Effective inspiration and motivation coming from the project manager work as a boosting factor amongst the employees that paves the way for securing considerable profitability in the respective activities effectively as well as efficiently.
4.	Delegation	It is an art that most successful project managers look to improvise with themselves. With the help of delegation, they become successful in prioritizing the tasks divided among the project team members.
5.	Honesty	It is one of the potential leadership skills based on which the members get influenced in a considerable manner (Rao et al., 2019). Being honest in carrying out the project always provides useful teaching to the fellow members through which they can also learn the essential aspects accordingly.
6.	Creativity	Creativity skill creates a profitable scope for the team members involved in a particular project to be more thoughtful in the respective approach and start contemplating about the alternative ways to complete the project accordingly.
7.	Strategic focus	In this respect, the project manager relies on maintaining a productive focus throughout the entire activity that helps the  members to get necessary ideas from the project manager (Henkel et al., 2019)

Table 3: Leadership skills of a Project Manager

(Source: Created by the learner)

The nimble attitude adopted by project managers helps in inventive achievement of the activity. The project manager emphasizes building an effective working atmosphere which provides necessary encouragement to the members of the team to do the activities in a prolific manner. Moreover, it makes a considerable impact on the perfection of the employees related to the project (de Oliveira and Rabechini Jr, 2019).  Past studies have shown that the project managers act as a determinant behind the strategic completion of projects. More importantly, the energetic, enthusiastic, and vigorous approach adopted by the managers always become handy for the members to follow the necessary guidelines cautiously. The leadership technique of the manager works as a boosting factor using which they can easily wrap up the activity. The canny approach followed by the successful managers contributes to the finishing of the project activity systematically.

Besides this, the project manager at the time of providing directions focuses on viewing a potential communication channel amongst the members that assist the employees to inform the problematic issues to the manager (Farashah et al., 2019). In this way, the manager tries to establish prominent relationship management in the midst of the project activities.  However, the role of senior management in guiding the project manners cannot be neglected. It has a close relationship with the performance of the entire project (Willumsen et al., 2019). The magnet engages in giving strategic viewpoints regularly to ensure the sustainability of the project. The project manager needs to have a definite approach for the effective completion of the project that ensures the prolific outcome from the project (Kidd, 2020).  In this regard, the members take the necessary responsibility for performing the roles in a sequential manner.

The project managers need to search for effective weapons constantly that will generate a profitable scope of performing more activities in a less period of time (Owusu et al., 2019). Important recommendations will be prolific for the project managers to complete the project activities. Below are provided recommendations

Recommendation 1

• The manager will need to know the ins and outs of the project in detail

Justification for the recommendation

Before starting the project activity it is imperative to make strong efforts in providing a solid foundation. It includes the stakeholders, clients who will have a close association with the project. It will help the activity to be completed accordingly.

Recommendation 2

• The act of listening and engaging the members is important

Justification for the recommendation

It will assist the members to be more cooperative in executing necessary activities. Based on this, the project manager will be able to make the necessary decisions to bring agility to the activity.

Recommendation 3

• Usages of innovative tools and technologies

Justification for the recommendation

It will create more ways to complete the project activity within time, in this regard, the manager needs to make art of providing training to the unskilled employees so that he will be able to get the acquired knowledge regarding the activity.

Conclusion

Based on the above discussion it needs to be concluded that the role of the project manager in completing a project cannot be undermined in any means. In fact, successful collaboration is observed amongst the members due to the presence of project managers in the activities. At the same time, other members get the scope of gaining necessary inspiration from the managers which aids in the prolific accomplishment of the activities considerably.

Selected Articles and other References

de Oliveira, G.F., and Rabechini Jr, R., 2019. Stakeholder management influence on trust in a project: A quantitative study. International Journal of Project Management, 37(1), pp.131-144.https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/51115525/Preparing_project_managers_to_deal_with_20161229-2512-1uo0sne.pdf?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DPreparing_project_managers_to_deal_with.pdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIATUSBJ6BABFYFRXUC%2F20200501%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20200501T172450Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEPj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIGwVbQRpKmLgP2U0OD%2FCF%2BWFFMJYf%2F3Z9y%2F44b89irA3AiEAk%2BbAEa1otHhMosUDXajPA1jPKIkfMeCNFPuAfj4cAfQqtAMIMRAAGgwyNTAzMTg4MTEyMDAiDMo%2BZJOcDNSPim58eiqRA%2FIi%2BJGlwOMLuol8fphxbwnHzJFowNEGowiwOprhFCP4sKF3Myi4UdT%2F5vaJDTYVqcXqXYRn004NdeK4D7TUTHUCTYkdbtwLtpnDa3SiIBNYtZYd8Qqyim8Yd2HJ6t5jJkLI%2BIAaN8cJZbByf9pTUoAhxoAuYfZKGNIyzbPTHB2TkLqIoYPl9bKLXBJb8G%2B1hj61ZRfvsMJoVqO3S1NleCLPAJRbn9yo3TxaSaqhq97M5XbQTvNIcqaAn8twdQniabvlLlz89VdK2em%2FAzb7JEEOOz6AVlZ2BKHRcAt%2F7y9ZEq%2FqBS%2FdtmETURfXN1qfxw%2BLTftPz4kTaWT%2BOvvNFbwUk4jzk8pWLfh1etuKt5C0f%2F9bIy034VU6Q4FIyqrSkwUJu%2FTHQaQYm8n0lFDOHHuTYc82pg8UuWvNi4CeUIjG9IKtBszjXG9v8p9NUeEsz%2BV4HqbPzbx7ka3cq%2BaJp4h%2Fm3x9Y%2Fi3htppzLMtLVtXvRN9vyb62nKNtZCUKBtHUofYaf2tlqjXbAuUo39i%2BAMeMLmCsfUFOusBavAfnZOAct2ZYNWRrq8X5cc7RukTtLnnC%2BSZRTx03%2FIqvyCHcusk8xzc3%2BrOvU65qv%2FypPfu6BuhCpUeJj72EOjXFV7eEQuVEWDsEsJYGH9iisnRyyhhyRonv6MhDbZ3kJCBHsHr4%2B%2FgOHOV44XAczLcOe3WH5r40KPHbshdR6%2BaWVqI17HFkKmUrwUYOaqioEL26P3nYZCR3%2BuR%2FTLbmYzAH%2FZJ389GEP%2BZIxKD%2FwZ2yUOqo81WpmSKFH%2FomnCIM7%2FiblvOPuwNng2MMSuepdlunNPY3KPCr%2BNoiVSuUBs7DlCgBqRmb5FP0w%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=1e40a4445b2705b3314b682e3d5b62cf147ed37b028b8222e6b05856d409cd9a

Farashah, A.D., Thomas, J., and Blomquist, T., 2019. Exploring the value of project management certification in selection and recruiting. International Journal of Project Management, 37(1), pp.14-26.https://fardapaper.ir/mohavaha/uploads/2018/12/Fardapaper-Exploring-the-value-of-project-management-certification-in-selection-and-recruiting.pdf

Galli, B.J., 2020. Using marketing to implement a strategic plan: Reflection of practiced literature. In Start-Ups and SMEs: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 1518-1532). IGI Global.

Henkel, T.G., Marion Jr, J.W. and Bourdeau, D.T., 2019. Project Manager Leadership Behavior: Task-Oriented Versus Relationship-Oriented. Journal of Leadership Education, 18(2), p.1.

Kerzner, H., 2019. Using the project management maturity model: strategic planning for project management. John Wiley & Sons.

Kidd, T., 2020. Handbook of research on technology project management, planning, and operations. Learning, p.318.https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bf26/551303deb021b8d2fde5090f26ccd552e186.pdf

Owusu, E.K., Chan, A.P., and Shan, M., 2019. Causal factors of corruption in construction project management: An overview. Science and engineering ethics, 25(1), pp.1-31.https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Emmanuel_Owusu17/publication/321015746_Causal_Factors_of_Corruption_in_Construction_Project_Management_An_Overview/links/5ae70007458515760ac26ec9/Causal-Factors-of-Corruption-in-Construction-Project-Management-An-Overview.pdf

Poston, R.S., and Richardson, S.M., 2019. Designing an academic project management program: A collaboration between a university and a PMI chapter. Journal of Information Systems Education, 22(1), p.6.

Rao, M.C., Hoffman, A.J., Hunter, M.R. and Shough, D.E., QUEST 2 EXCEL Inc, 2019. Gamified project management system and method. U.S. Patent 10,339,550.https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/50/b1/cc/da2a7e1c719fc6/US10339550.pdf

Willumsen, P., Oehmen, J., Stingl, V., and Geraldi, J., 2019. Value creation through project risk management. International Journal of Project Management, 37(5), pp.731-749.https://fardapaper.ir/mohavaha/uploads/2019/06/Fardapaper-Value-creation-through-project-risk-management.pdf

Sha, K., 2019. Incentive strategies for construction project manager: a common agency perspective. Construction Management and Economics, 37(8), pp.461-471.

Wu, W.W., Eom, M.T., and Song, J., 2019. Spheres of It Project Complexity and It Project Manager Archetypes and Roles: A Case Study. Information Systems Management, 36(4), pp.323-335.

Rehman, S.U., Shahzad, M., Farooq, M.S., and Javaid, M.U., 2020. Impact of leadership behavior of a project manager on his/her subordinate’s job-attitudes and job-outcomes. Asia Pacific Management Review.

Introduction

This assessment is focusing on a real-life project and assessing it and finding all management strategies that have been involved in it. A project has to be chosen and assessed along with its QRP management for explaining functionality and effectiveness of project. It follows various knowledge areas of involvement of QRP management in managing projects. This report focuses on a project Digital City which is an initiative of Australian government for upliftment of city and keeping it alive in a rapidly growing world. This project comes under Sustainable Sydney initiative which focuses on keeping Sydney eco-friendly, and globally-connected, and bring it into a digital world. This report focuses on all key-points of project and explains functioning of project.

Case Project Identification and assessment

Project Digital City comes under plan of Sustainable Sydney 2030. Sustainable Sydney 2030 refers to a collection of objectives that have been set for Sydney to transforming it as much green and globally connected as possible by 2030 (Digital city – City of Sydney, 2020). This plan believes to change lives of people and way in which they play and work. Plan Sydney 2030 was made after gathering information from various people such as workers, businessmen, and visitors and understanding their mindset. After proper feedback, it was deduced that people demand a city that should be globally-connected, economically good, and eco-friendly.

Project Digital city aims Sydney to be considered as one of most livelihood and innovative cities across globe. For keeping city competitive, government of Sydney aims at harnessing opportunities for use of data and technology in a smart manner. Harnessing opportunities will attract workforce which will help in keeping country’s economy alive and will help in upliftment of local businesses (Paraschivescu, 2016). This project aims at benefit of residents of city through exciting opportunities and aims at a digitally equipped future. A digital strategy has been made which defines various principles to be followed for providing programs and projects to residents of city, visitors, and workers. Along with a digital strategy, this project also created a strategic framework for a smart city which explains way of using data and technology for making better decisions and improving living style for diverse communities. 

Digital Strategy and its need

Digital strategy was introduced back in 2009 with a motive of “green global connected”. Digital Strategy points to a roadmap for achieving a digital future in a rapidly changing environment. This strategy provides a framework for achieving digital transformation and things need to be considered for successfully achieving and articulating things. It aims at helping communities to be a proactive participant of a digital era. It aims at paving a mode of greater accessibility to services and information which has been never done before. It is also much beneficial for people with some sort of disability. In 2015, six years after launch of this project, a consultation community revealed that digital strategy has been proven useful in past 6 years and more than 74 percent of people are happy with this initiative. It was also mentioned that though it was a challenging task for creating a digital strategy and implementing it, but it is showing positive results. Digital strategy was introduced along with six principles that have to be followed for its successful implementation. 

Strategic framework for smart city 

Strategic framework was designed for defining proper use of data and technology for improving decision-making skills and providing a better life to people by making efficient use of data and technology. Digital disruption was main cause of introducing this framework and for creating a leading place for working, learning, visiting, and living in diverse communities. It is an evidence-based and problem-driven approach for ensuring a tangible impact on different communities. It also focuses on a dynamic building that unlocks new opportunities along with evolvement of city. 

A master plan cannot make a city smart, it needs a proper execution of certain steps and a proper follow up of various guidelines. This framework refers to an action for stakeholders across city. It also focuses on communal organisations, evolving start-ups, academic institutions, already established businesses, and people who enjoy city. Creation of a framework cannot result in achieving a vision for future and does not make city enable us to meet all infrastructure requirements for supporting an eco-friendly, and globally connected world. It points out to globalisation, and rapid urbanisation in this faster evolving world, where new technologies are disrupting economy. 

QRP Management Plan

QRP refers to quality, risk, and procurement. QRP management is a way of managing efforts being taken for successful execution of project.

Quality Management 

Quality management is a way of managing all tasks and activities that needs to be accomplished for maintaining a certain measure of excellence. It includes determination of a policy for creating and implementing planning and improvement of quality. Quality management of a project has to be mandated for achieving long-term deliverables by implementing short-term deliverables (Bacoup, et al., 2018). Quality of a project can be efficiently managed by considering project deliverables. In this project, quality management is efficiently taken care of with creation of digital strategy and strategic framework and regular monitoring at success rate of Sustainable Sydney 2030. 

In this time of continuous technological change, uncertainty, and disruption, all communities of people should be focused. Every need of people should meet expectations of communities for making necessary modifications in a fast-evolving digital world. As population of Sydney is growing, needs of their communities are increasing day by day and there is a huge impact on budgets, infrastructure, and services and proper technology and data should be used for addressing these challenges and building resilience. It has not been launched to be a stand-alone warrior, rather it has been launched to collaborate with supporting government agencies, businesses, and universities for maximising gains of community. 

For managing quality, digital strategy principles are taken into consideration which states lifelong learning and digital inclusion, creating people-specific digital services and programs, transforming way of engaging with communities, supporting businesses for building digital infrastructure, skills, and knowledge, active participation in Sydney’s urban renewal for ensuring its global competitiveness about smart infrastructure, and innovating ethics in marketplace of information containing important aspects of societal and communal affairs. These principles of digital strategy ensure a better quality of Digital city project. Sydney is ranked among top 10 world’s most livelihood cities. 

But still if that has to be maintained, proper follow up of all technological advancements should be taken care of, and this project is a step for keeping Sydney alive in this ranking. One principle of digital strategy, digital inclusion focuses on increasing civic and social engagement and providing more interesting opportunities to their residents. During celebration of New Year’s Eve, real-time updates of city are being provided at Sydney Harbour to millions of people for making its proper use. It results in enhancing safety of people around there. 

Risk Management 

Risk management in a project is a very important aspect that has to be considered while creation of any project. Risk is a part of planning project deliverables; it commences from thought of failures that can take place during creation and implementation of a project. Thinking of failures and a method to prevent them from occurring is a strategy to be followed for preventing future failures. It seems too pessimistic as thinking of failures in projects, but it is a preventive step that has to be taken in advance for dealing with such a situation if it occurs by any chance. 

It is a process of finding, analysing, and resolving any risk which may arise during project development lifecycle (Derenyielo & Joseph, 2018). A risk can have a potentially harmful impact on project performance, budget, or timeline, and if these risks occur in a project, they are termed as issues. In large scale projects like these, risk management techniques may contain extensive planning for every risk. Risk management can be efficiently done with help of objectives, deliverables, project vision, and scope. By knowing all this, risk can be identified at every stage of a project. Entire project team should focus on identification and prioritisation of risks, and how to plot a project risk. Risk management should not only be done at planning phase but it should also be tracked at a regular interval of time. 

In this project, risk management has been properly done using various digital strategies and implementing required services. It has been already considered while creation of project that no future loss should be occurred. Communities are already adopting digital services and data that are being provided by city. Engaging online in a program will lead to a better local government. For sake of people’s safety, real-time updates of data are being shown to local people as before happening of any incident, people may get aware of it. Digital infrastructure of cities was improved with help of public Wi-Fi. The initiative of digital city has to be implemented across city, and all prevention steps have been taken in advance like proper internet set up with high-security features. As, city was about to transform into a digital world, so all digital environments and platforms have been made robust and checked that no vulnerability should be present which could directly or indirectly affect any citizen. 

Procurement Management 

Procurement refers to a process of identifying and accepting terms for acquiring services or goods from an outside source. It involves decisions that have to be taken for buying any commodity required for successful project execution. It is a good move to use different types of analysis such as cost analysis, and economic analysis. Procurement is used for ensuring proper receipt of work, commodity, or goods by recipient. In terms of project management, procurement management refers to collaborating with external sources or to make a contract with them for dealing with any sort of requirement fulfillment. 

Procurement management in a project has been down in various steps such as planning procurement management, conducting procurement, controlling procurement, and closing procurement. In this project, procurement management has been effectively done to fulfill all sorts of needs (Hong, et al., 2018). Many people do not possess any computer, so implementing this project on that targeted people is not possible. Here, procurement management has been proven effective as government dealt with industries for improving digital infrastructure, and focused on creating digital libraries. Digitalisation focuses on keeping every record of a person in a digital environment that needs storage-space, so cloud space has been provided by organisations for storing data. An increase in accessibility and improvement in data signals have been done very efficiently. Use of social media platforms brought an extensive change as well (Rane, et al., 2018). For ensuring that people are meeting their needs, a strategic framework has been released which includes its outcomes as, providing support to empowered and connected communities, embracing digital disruption by retaining talent, cultivating liveable and vibrant places, strengthening resilience, and providing services that are customer-centric.  

In respect to sustainable Sydney 2030, procurement management has to be done for keeping world connected. A globally connected world will lead to an efficient plan. This global connection is also increased by collaborating with other authorities for execution of a task. It is a fulfilling motto of initiative as well as ensuring that proper deliverables are being achieved. Community needs to be integrated across city and join delivery services. Community co-creation also helps in procurement management as it emphasises on escalating development and growth and communities are being created on basis of various factors. A governance model has been built with effect of enabling city to use new technologies. 

Conclusion

A government project for maintaining sustainability across Sydney by year 2030 has been chosen and explained very well in this report. Digital City is a project which comes under Sustainable Sydney 2030. This report focuses on identifying all factors influencing digitalisation across city, and various management techniques that were applied during project creation. Various methodologies have been explained in this report and their practical implementation has been shown into it. Explanations of methodologies have been given in very simple terminology that can be easily understood.  

References

Bacoup, P., Michel, C., Habchi, G. & Pralus, M. 2018, “From a Quality Management System (QMS) to a Lean Quality Management System (LQMS)”, TQM Journal, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 20-42.

Derenyielo, B. & Joseph, E.M. 2018, “RISK MANAGEMENT AND ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH”, Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 29-40.

Hong, Z., Lee, C. & Zhang, L. 2018, “Procurement risk management under uncertainty: a review”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 118, no. 7, pp. 1547-1574.

Paraschivescu, A.O. 2016, “Risk Management and Quality Management an Integrate Approach”, Economy Transdisciplinarity Cognition, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 55-61.

Rane, S.B., Yahya Abdul, M.N. & Bhandarkar, B.M. 2019, “Developing strategies to improve agility in the project procurement management (PPM) process”, Business Process Management Journal, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 257-286.

Digital city – City of Sydney (2020). Available at: https://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/vision/sustainable-sydney-2030/digital-city (Accessed: 8 May 2020).