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INTRODUCTION

In the present era, it has been seen that there are plenty of accounting mistakes are arises while recording of financial transactions. It is because of not having proper accounting system utilize by organisation during the time. The primary objective of using this system is to attain short or long term objectives that are set by the company. Management accounting is an essential aspect for an organisation that would assist manager at the time of managing their day to day operations. This report analyse specific effort that could promote proper understanding among various department among Hilti GB Company which is operating in UK. This project report aimed at providing crucial information about various accounting system and reporting used within an organisation. Apart from this, use of various costing method to calculate net profitability for the company is discussed in this report. Along with that advantage and disadvantage of using planning tools that can assist manager to control their budgets. Further, comparison of different management accounting system in resolving financial problems has been covered effectively in this project report.

• Activity 1

1. • Part A
   • P1: Concept of management accounting and its essential requirement

In every business organisation, it has been analyse that manager are always looking to have an effective accounting system that can assist them to record each and every business transactions into their respective statements. It would be reliable for them take necessary decision on that basis of this particular data. The manager are playing eminent role in summering and analysing the information that are collected during the time (Parker, 2012). The primary motive behind doing so is to attain overall goal of Hilti GB Company that has been set for the period. It has been determine that managers are using specific provision for accounting data in accordance to attain better data themselves before they would decide specific matters within the company. it would aids their overall management and profitability aspect to control overall function that are performed within an accounting period of time. There are valuable procedure which is useful for preparing management reports and accounts which would provide reliable and timely financial as well as numerical data those are needed by managers to make specific decisions. Management accounting is mostly generates monthly or weekly statements for an organisation internal department such as finance managers and chief executive officers. The scope of management accounting is very wide because of having plenty of features and characteristics. There is various key definitions that has been provided by scholars or authors. Some of them are mentioned below: 

According to J. Batty: “Management accounting is a specific term that can be used for the purpose of describing the accounting standard, system and provision that complied with certain knowledge and capability of administration in their activity of increasing profitability and losses”.

Types of management accounting system:

Cost accounting system: It refers to an essential system that is design by business to estimate overall cost for their products in order to attain profitability, stock valuation and cost control. The primary motive behind this particular system is to control total cost which are incurred in production of product and services within Hilti GB (Salterio,  2015). It tends to measure the best possible inefficiencies of necessary modification to deal with additional cost or expenses that are incurred during the time.

Inventory management system: It is one of the key accounting system that can be useful for tracking stock levels, sales or purchase delivery record of inventory within an accounting period. It would also assist in production sector to develop a work order and other production related documents. It is all about looking always to increase efficiency that can provide constant flow of units in or out of an available stock position. There are various types of management system tools which are used to record the invoices such as LIFO, FIFO and AVCO.

Job costing system: Another important accounting system used within Hilti GB. It is basically related to assigning and accumulating production cost of single units of output produced during the period. This particular system is useful in case there are various items produced by the company and have sufficiently different from one another. It does have their own number and production date mentioned on it.

Price optimisation system: This particular model is always consists of numerical plan that is helpful for computing overall demand which can vary at several price levels. This approach allows Hilti GB Company to make use of appropriate pricing as an effective profit lever that often is underdeveloped. It can be used to tailor pricing for clients segments through simulating targeted customer responses to cost chances as per the given scenario (Hasniza Haron and et. al., 2013). By the help of this system manager can easily be able to determine overall perception of customer towards the product price which are decided by the company during the time.

1. • P2: Different kind of management accounting reporting

In accordance to examine the company’s overall position or profitability in near future time the reports must be a key aspect that is taken into account. It happens to a valuable source of business intelligence that can assist overall business leaders to make reliable and accurate decision in coming period. However, these reports are basically only as valuable aspects in work that can goes into formulating and presenting specific data that has been collected from various transactions. It has been seen that there are various sources from which data can be gathered in relation to prepare a report (Agrawal and Cooper, 2017). The primary reason of recording data into their respective format is because these reports are presented in front of various investors and stakeholders that are making specific contribution in the various projects of Hilti GB.  The data collect for these reports are taken from various statements such as profit and loss, balance sheet, changes in equity and cash flow statement. It is more complex software that enables manager to control the entire legal reporting process. The overall decision regarding the growth and sustainability of the business is relies on the financial position of the company. There are various types of management accounting reporting that is prepared by the company. Some of them are mentioned below: 

Performance report: This particular reporting system is an essential report which is based on overall performance of company. These are prepared on constant basis by the concern department that is being financed through public capital. In most of the situation, this report is based on past and previous year data that has been collected by the manager to prepare the financial statements of the company. It would be produced for every employee of an organisation or such report can assist the department to assess the overall success of any project that are planned during the period.

Inventory management report: It is an essential reporting system that is based on accurate and reliable information which will allow company to discover current trends as well as examine the positive and negative aspects. The primary ways to prepare this report is to determine opening and closing stock information that has been kept by Hilti GB in their business operation (Laine, Paranko and Suomala, 2012). There are various ways to evaluate the stock position for the company such as activity based costing, economic order quantity and stock turnover ratios. It has been seen that a perfect inventory management strategy can assist in saving time as well as cost. It can also have real time to attain monetary benefits in coming time. 

Job cost report: Another crucial reporting system that can assist as well as accumulating producing costs of individual units of results. This particular job costing is helpful in various items produced that is having sufficiently different from one other. The reports consist of specific information about each group or individual product manufactured during the time. This would support this report, it would allow certain job numbers that assigned to individual items of expenses and earning incurred during the time.

Account receivable report: It is an essential aspect that is legally enforceable claim of payment that has been held within a business for products supplied rendered that to have customer is having ordered but does not paid for that product. This report consists of specific lists of unpaid customer invoices as well as credit memo as per the mentioned date ranges. The aging report is considered as primary tool that can be used through overall collection of personnel to analyse which bill is overdue for payment. This can be helpful for internal decision making because manager can easily be able to determine total time of gaining the outstanding amount (Ismail, 2012).

Budget report: It is an essential report that is prepared for internal purpose in order to make comparison of estimated as well as budgeted projection to that with actual one. It primary reason behind using this report is to known that income and expenses information can changes on regular basis for a company. This particular report often referred to a financial report that consists of detail information about the business owner plans that are made for the future.

1. • M1: Benefits of using management accounting system

In relation to all above discussed various accounting system that are equally beneficial for an organisation in managing and recording their information into their respective statements. In accordance to cost accounting system which is used to control the additional costs those are incurred during production process, whereas inventory management system is basic tool that tends to record all stock related detail information that are sell or purchase during the time. Similarly, price optimisation is another system that is used in business to analyse the overall perception of customer toward various prices strategies those are applied for the product offered by the company to them. However, Job costing system is beneficial to determine one single unit cost that is charged by company at the time of manufacturing process.

1. • D1: Critical analysis of the management accounting system and reporting integration

In context to earn maximum profitability in near future time managers are using various tools or system that can assist towards achieving their task more effectively. In this process both system and reporting are directly relation to one other. Cost related information is recorded by using costing accounting system. This would assist in analysing the strength of the company by using performance report that has been prepared by using data from costing methods. Whereas stocks related entries are recorded by using inventory management reports and system so that chances of minimum order or level of inventories can easily be identified. Further, job cost report or systems are equally reliable in evaluating the total cost they are investing in production of each group or units.

1. • Part B
   • P3: Calculation for the given portfolios

Cost is said to be value of amount which is incurred for the getting something. It is generally done in case of monetary valuation of various departmental data. The value which is given up for assets must be related with Hilti GB engineering company products. There are various specific costing methods which are used by the company in order to analyse total net income they are earning during the time (Budding, Grossi and Tagesson, 2014). The best ways to analyse the performance by using cost benefits analysis techniques which is a right option available with organisation in terms of collecting accurate information about increase profitability. It is an essential procedure that can be helpful for the manager to determine cost of producing products in relation to deal with a business by using proper resources in various stages of manufacturing. The data which is issues through using costing method is taken into account for the purpose of attain long term objectives. Some of the vital methods which can be useful for Hilti GB company is mentioned below: 

Marginal costing: It is said to be additional cost that is incurred by company during the time of producing one extra unit with the same amount of resources. It is also known as period costing because only variable costs are taken into account and fixed cost get written off to get contribution. The reason behind consider more accurate for decision making is because of its nature as there is not any difference occurs in case of any changes in variable cost in production process.

Absorption costing: It is another valuable costing method that can be used by Hilti GB Company to calculate net profit. It is said to be full costing method because both variable and fixed cost are taken during the time of production. There is a constant chance of variation in the direct material, labour or any other overhead those are used during the time. The results are analysing on the basis of over and under absorb concept that has been computed through using production cost and closing stock information (Amoako, 2013). In some situation, company does not thing this method a valuable techniques that can help in overall decision making on the basis of profit generated by the company.

Income statement using marginal costing

Marginal costing
			1st quarter
	Sales	(4500*95)	427500
Less:	Variable cost	10% of sale value	42750
	Direct material	18	81000
	Direct labour	15	67500
	Variable production o/h	9	40500
	Contribution		195750
Less:	Fixed cost		45000
	Fixed production		75000
	Profit		150750

 

Absorption
			1st quarter
	Sales		427500
Less:	Cost of goods sold		231750
	Gross profit		195750
Less:	Fixed cost		-45000
Add:	Fixed production overhead cost		7500
	Net Profit		158250

 

Absorption
			2nd quarter
	Sales		285000
Less:	Cost of goods sold		128750
	Gross profit		156250
Less:	Fixed cost		-45000
Less:	Fixed production overhead cost		-6000
	Net Profit		105250

Income statement using absorption costing

1. • M2: Application of management accounting techniques and financial reporting document

In relation to determine maximum profitability for the company, it is essential to make use of right accounting techniques. It can help in calculating positive outcome for the company so that chances of losses can be overcome. Some of the crucial techniques are standard costing that is associated with the company for analysing their upcoming budgets. It can be evaluated by the help of using difference amount from the standard and actual costs those are incurred during the time. Similarly, another techniques is marginal costing which is used in case of additional cost incurred by the company while production of extra units.

1. • D2: Interpret the financial data for the problem in Annex B

According to the problem number 6 of Annex B, it has been analysed that purchasing price of €7.75 and the total cost of €9.00 could be recommended as an essential element that must be brought in the business. Moreover, actual comparison among marginal cost of manufacturing and buying cost of 7.75 must be taken into account. This would indicate that this particular element must be produced instead of bought. The primary reason behind this is that fixed costs of € 175000 which is collected from the total units of 50000*3.50. According to this outcome the overall capacity will remain unused and fixed cost could not been absorbed during production process. In case, BK 200 bought, the overall earning comes down by € 112.500 that is actual difference calculated from purchasing price on the basis of marginal cost such as (7.75-5.50)*50000.

 

• ACTIVITY 2

 

1. • Part A
   • P4: Advantage and disadvantage of using planning tools to control budget

In every business organisation, it has been essential for them to make proper planning keeping in mind about the profitability and growth opportunities. Planning used to play an eminent role in overall management of organisation resources so that valuable amount of outcome can be attain in near future time. Once the strategic action is worked in financial term through a well effective budget, it could be helpful as a technique for appropriate administration of organisation resources. A budget is a necessary management tool utilize in planning, monitoring and analysing the availability of finance for Hilti GB engineering company. It is an estimation of total cost and expenses that are going to be incurred in near future (Burns, 2014). There are various key planning tools those are effectively useful in controlling budgets that are prepared by company during the time. Some of them tools are discussed below: 

Forecasting tools: This particular planning tools assist the top management of Hilti GB engineering company to cope up with every uncertainty that are going to arise in future. It is entirely based on past and current trends of data which has been recorded into their budgets. There are certain assumption that are relies on administration experience and decisions. In order to analyse the budget issues this model can be more helpful to estimate future information as a valuable function of past data.

Advantage: This particular tool is having certain benefits that provide business more crucial information that can be useful to make future decision. In most of the situation, utilisation of qualitative data has relies on overall judgement made by the concern expert. 

Disadvantage:  The one of the biggest limitation of this tool is that it is entirely relies on estimations. But because of having qualitative nature of predication a business cannot always considered as more profitable within internal growth of the company.

Scenario planning tools: It is basically termed as strategic planning tool that can be use by Hilti GB engineering company to make flexible long term plans. It is in wide areas of adaptation and simplification of techniques which is implemented in group coordinating activity. The primary requirement of this tool is to enable specific scenarios as per the market demand. There is no any doubt about companies to make use of this tool to attain certain profit in coming time.

Advantage: By the help of this planning tools manager can adapt a systematic thinking ability. It would provide a positive mechanism before occurrence of any problem in critical situation.

Disadvantage: It has been seen that in present situation, scenarios are not so clear that can create lot of burden for manager to make utilisation of techniques in right point of time. It happens to be more underscore that can be a sufficient helpful aid to deal with uncertainty.

Contingency planning tools: It is valuable course of action that has been framed to assist an organisation to respond perfectly to a valuable future activity that care going to be occurring in near future time. It works as plan B, because it could be more reliable for company as alternative action in case alternative outcome fail to disappear (Klemstine and Maher, 2014).

Advantage: It is more accurate or reliable tool because manager can use quickly to take necessary steps to deal with a problem that would stop manufacturing of products. It is more essential for a profitable business because it can be work as backup plan in some critical situation.

Disadvantage: The biggest limitation of using this planning tool is its cost and time taking ability. Along with that the employees of staffs need special training to face any urgency situation.  

1. • M3: Analyse the use of planning tools and their application

	Project X	PV factor @12%	Cash outflow
Year 0	-5,000	1	-5000
1	2,500	0.892857143	2232.142857
2	1,000	0.797193878	797.1938776
3	1,000	0.711780248	711.7802478
4	500	0.635518078	317.7590392
5	1,500	0.567426856	851.1402836
6	1,000	0.506631121	506.6311212
		Total PV	5416.647426
		NPV	416.647
		Payback period	5.851140284

 

	Project Y	PV factor @12%	Cash outflow
Year 0	-8,000	1	-8000
1	1,500	0.892857143	1339.285714
2	2,000	0.797193878	1594.387755
3	2,500	0.711780248	1779.45062
4	1,000	0.635518078	635.5180784
5	1,000	0.567426856	567.4268557
6	2,500	0.506631121	1266.577803
		Total PV	7182.646826
		NPV	-817.35
		Payback period	More than 6 years

From the above two project X and Y, it has been clearly seen that project is taking 5.8 years time to recover the amount, whereas project y is taking more than 6 years to recover their 8000 amount. Thus, project X is more reliable and it should be accepted for future planning. The Forecasting planning tool has been used to determine the changes occur in two given projects. 

1. • Part B
   • P5: Comparison of how organisation using MA system to resolve financial problems

Nowadays, it has been seen that there are various kinds of financial and non-financial problems are arising within an organisation. It would directly or indirectly impact the overall performance and productivity of the company. However, it is vital for manager to make regular analysis of these issues so that it would not affect the internal strength of the company. Some of the common issues that are generally found are mentioned below: 

Cash flow issues: It has been analysed that cash issues are more common problems that are faced by most of the business organisation. Capital in more valuable aspects for any successful business without which not any firm can survive for longer period. It can basically arise because of inappropriate flow of cash in the business. In some situation such kind of problem arises because the company is not able to pay their liabilities and it becomes outstanding.

Productivity issues: Another important issue that has been faced by organisation is related with their production capacity. They do not have sufficient amount of resources and capital to manufacture products.  Because of which company cannot be able to generate reliable amount of profit during the time. It can directly impact on the goodwill of the company (Sisaye and Birnberg, 2012).

All the above mentioned financial issues can be resolve by using appropriate MA techniques those are mentioned below: 

KPI (Key performance indicators): It is known as cover sheet for any business that helps in measuring a wide range of business activities from marketing to finance. It would keep close look on the financial performance which is essential part for the company to attain long term success.

Financial governance: It is one of the crucial management techniques which are based on government regulation. The main reason behind development of this rules and regulation is to provide guidelines to smooth operating of their activities.

Comparison: 

Hilti GB Company	Airdri
It is essential for the company to make use of cost accounting system to deal with their additional cost or expense those are charged during production process.	In relation to resolve financial issues the company need to make use of JIT as inventory valuation techniques to overcome inventory related issues (Van der Stede, 2015).
Key performance indicator techniques must be use on regular basis overall idea about the current performance can be taken into account.	Financial governance is the best ways to follow all the regulation in the business to overcome any future mistakes.

M4: Analysis of MA in resolving financial problems

It has been analysed that in accordance to attain better future or sustainability in coming time the company need to make utilisation of right accounting system. There are various financial problems those are related with inventory, cash and profit. These all can be overcome by using Key performance indicators and setting a benchmark for future losses. Inventory management related problems can be resolve through using just-in-time methods. Every method or techniques of management accounting can lead to Hilti GB to attain better potential or growth in coming period.

1. • D3: Evaluation of planning tools for accounting to solve issues

It has also been evaluated that in order to overcome financial issues that are uncertain for the company can also be resolve by using various planning tools. Some of them are forecasting tools that is based on future budgeted risks can be helpful for manager to deal with upcoming implications. In accordance with the contingency situation a plan B must be available with the company to overcome cash related problems (Zoni, et., al., 2012). All of these are equally valuable for attaining maximum growth and sustainability for the company in near future.

 

• CONCLUSION

 

From the above project report, it has been concluded that management accounting is a key element that helps any business organisation to record and summary their everyday business transactions. However, both management accounting system and reporting can help Hilti GB Company to deal with their accounting information. Further, use of right costing methods can give positive outcome in terms of net profit to the company. It has been suggested that with the proper use of planning tools budget related issues can be reduce. Also, financial issues could also be overcome by the help of appropriate accounting system and chances of attaining sustainability can also be enhanced in near future.

 

• REFERENCES

 

Books and Journals: 

Agrawal, A. and Cooper, T., 2017. Corporate governance consequences of accounting scandals: Evidence from top management, CFO and auditor turnover. Quarterly Journal of Finance. 7(01). p.1650014.

Amoako, G.K., 2013. Accounting practices of SMEs: A case study of Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Management. 8(24). p.73.

Budding, T., Grossi, G. and Tagesson, T. eds., 2014. Public sector accounting. Routledge.

Burns, J., 2014. Qualitative management accounting research in QRAM: some reflections. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management. 11(1). pp.71-81.

Hasniza Haron, N., Kamal Abdul Rahman, I. and Smith, M., 2013. Management accounting practices and the turnaround process. Asian Review of Accounting. 21(2). pp.100-112.

Ismail, N.A., 2012. The impact of information technology on performance: The mediating role of management accounting systems. Jurnal Teknologi. 46(1). pp.27-44.

Klemstine, C. F. and Maher, M., 2014. Management Accounting Research (RLE Accounting): A Review and Annotated Bibliography. Routledge.

Laine, T., Paranko, J. and Suomala, P., 2012. Management accounting roles in supporting servitisation: Implications for decision making at multiple levels. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal. 22(3). pp.212-232.

Lim, M., 2011. Full cost accounting in solid waste management: the gap in the literature on newly industrialised countries. Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research. 9(1). p.21.

Parker, L.D., 2012. Qualitative management accounting research: Assessing deliverables and relevance. Critical perspectives on accounting. 23(1). pp.54-70.

Salterio, S.E., 2015. Barriers to knowledge creation in management accounting research. Journal of Management Accounting Research. 27(1). pp.151-170.

Sisaye, S. and Birnberg, J.G. eds., 2012. An organizational learning approach to process innovations: the extent and scope of diffusion and adoption in management accounting systems. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Van der Stede, W. A., 2015. Management accounting: Where from, where now, where to?. Journal of Management Accounting Research. 27(1). pp.171-176.

Ward, K., 2012. Strategic management accounting. Routledge.

Zoni, L., Dossi, A. and Morelli, M., 2012. Management accounting system (MAS) change: field evidence. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics. 19(1). pp.119-138.

 

• Appendix

 

1. • Working note for Absorption costing

Working note		1st Quarter
Cost of goods sold
Variable cost	5000*42	210000
Variable expenses	(5000*9.5)	47500
Less: Closing stock	(500*51.5)	-25750
COGS		231750
Fixed prodn o/h cost pr unit	15	75000
Budgeted production/h	(5500*15)	82500
over absorbed fixed prodn cost		-7500

 

Working note		2nd Quarter
Cost of goods sold
Opening stock	(500*51.5)	25750
Variable cost production	5900*42	247800
Variable expenses	(5900*9.5)	56050
Less: Closing stock	(3400*51.5)	-175100
COGS		128750
Fixed prodn o/h cost pr unit	15	88500
Budgeted production/h	(5500*15)	82500
over absorbed fixed prodn cost		6000

 

Introduction

The paper discusses the product placement for the Milkabar, which is a chain of milkshake cafes targeted at the teenagers as well as their parents. The decision making and the strategies used by the Milkabar are also discussed. There is also a critical review of some research articles related to the topic for the better understanding. To get the depth of the topic case studies are also being discussed. The findings of these articles will also be mentioned. The challenges the company faces will also be discussed along with the controversies the business get across which operating in the market. The issues related to the product placement of the Milkashake are also to be taken care of to give the relevant information to the associates of the company.

Critical Analysis of Academic Papers

The authors (Matthes and Naderer) in their paper “Product placement disclosures: Exploring the moderating effect of placement frequency on brand responses via persuasion knowledge”, discusses the product placement of music videos. The presence of internet has made it very convenient to place the products online. The role of brands in the product placement is immense. The authors (Matthes and Naderer) found two convincing addition from their research, the investigation made the persuasion of in relation to placement of music videos. They also added how recall and recognitions are affected by the disclosures. The product placement disclosures have two important aims, they try to save the consumers from the stealthy advertisements and keep the consumer informed about the tactics of the advertisements. They also mentioned that that according to the EU compliances the companies has to disclose the product placement at the beginning and at the end of the program. The authors (Matthes and Naderer) found that subtly no knowledge can activated when audience doesn’t recognise the placement. The authors (Matthes and Naderer) also stated in relation to several studies that the view is divided about the brand memory due to the disclosure norms. But placement prominence can lead to the creation of brand memory. The authors (Matthes and Naderer) used the online survey based in the Austria. The variables used were the placement prominence and the disclosure norm.  The sample population was 527 and the respondents were engaged through music websites and the social media platforms. The survey was about 27 minutes long and the participants chosen were random. The findings of the research were as follows: there were favourable results for the effect of the disclosure on the product placement. There was no evidence or proof found for the activation of persuasion of knowledge. The attitude certainty can be found higher for the more familiar brands. The Milkashake can use the disclosures for making their brand noticeable.

The authors (High, et. Al., 2016) in their research on the Wal-Mart on the product placement discuss the product placement within a shopping complex. The research was done on the stores and the respondents were the customers of the Wal-Mart. The product placement strategies of the Wal-Mart drew people towards the stores. They were found to be very satisfied with the services. The data was collected from the surveys across several stores of the Wal-Mart. These strategies of the Wal-Mart can be applied in the context of Milkashake, to offer various discount and make the brand popular, the location strategy of the Wal-Mart can also be utilised.

The researchers (Briggs, et al, 2014) did research on the topic of the interactive product placement and its system. They mainly focused on the product placement through the videos as the medium. They found that the videos and online promotions are one o the interactive system of advertising as people find it interesting.  The data was collected on the online videos platforms. They just focused on the online videos platforms not on the social media which is growing day by day. The Milkashake have this option available for them also. They can also use the promotion techniques of this sort to make their brand popular.

The research scholars (Liu , et. Al., 2015)  focuses on the factors determining the efficacy of the social media in the product placement. The research used the two way models and questions. The questions were asked through the questionnaires through the social networking sites from the random samples. It was found that the social media plays an important role in the placement of new products for the millennial. As the brand is focused mainly on the teenagers, their connectivity on the web can be a great source of promotion for the company.

The research of the authors (Chaney, et al, 2018) was based on the product placement and the product memorisation and recall during the screening of the movies. There were several movies which were considered for the research and the advertisements at the beginning, at the intermission and at the end were considered.  It was surveyed though the audience and it was found that the beginning of the movie is the best time to place an advertisement for better brand memorisation. The Milkashake can use this technique in the movies which are for the children’s and their parents.

The researchers (Eagle and Dahl, 2018) compare the old and new media of the product placement. They tried to find out the differences on the attainment in the objectives through both the media. The surveys were carried out on random populace through the questionnaires. The findings of the papers were in favour of the new media for better product placement.  The new generation is the targeted customer base for the company; so they must use new media to reach out to the aimed public.

The authors (Chan, et. al., 2016) researched on the product placements across cultures. The research was based on the two countries sample of which one was of high assertiveness and the other was of low assertiveness. The cultural differences and the effect of product placement were examined. There were certain differences found the cultures with high assertiveness require dynamic product placement techniques. This is useful for the purpose of setting up the Milkshae cafes across different regions even within the country as the cultures are diverse.

In this study (Binder, et. al., 2019) tried to focus on the preferences and influences on the children’s eating behaviour through various interactive product placement. The children were asked about the food they like and why they like it. Most of the answers were like that they like the food which is preferred by their cartoon. The child preferences are influenced by these things. The techniques discussed in the paper are of utmost importance a for the Milkashakes they focus the kids and teenagers.

Case Study 1

Red bull is an energy drink company, based in Austria. Their product placement has been unprecedented. They targeted the sport enthusiasts through the sponsorships of the various sporting events around the word. Their sport marketing strategy has been qualified by some researchers as the best in the industry. The company integrated their advertisement strategy into the biggest extreme sporting events around the world. The sale of red bull doesn’t come from the general and super stores, but from the college parties and bars, etc. They also sponsor various events in the colleges, distributing free samples for the students. They also sponsor the music festivals which are very famous among the young generation. The produce the tag lines such as ‘Go big or go home,’ to encourage the youth which is adventurous. The focus of the Red Bull advertisement team is on the enjoyment of the audience, not on the product itself, which makes it very convenient. The tagline of Red Bull, “Gives You Wings” the youth consider it as that they are being offered freedom, the youth which strives freedom from various things and situations in life. The people at Red Bull have created a loyal fan base through their product placement. The Milkabar, can also learn from this case study of how Red bull created its loyal customer base. Their style of engaging the targeted audience is unmatchable. The targeted audience of the Milkabar is the teenagers and the parents, which they can also use to place their product through the sponsorships at the school events, at the super markets and the adventure parks. 

Case Study 2

Starbucks founded in Seattle in the USA is a chain of coffee house. The managers at the Starbucks use the strategy or technique of 4P’s that suffices the ace position of the company in the coffee chain industry. The four P’s determine the product, price promotion and placement. The managers at the Starbucks used this strategy efficiently to become the leaders and produced an example for others how effective marketing mix can be used to build a strong network of chain business and brand image. They also change their strategy according to the challenges and the competition. The systematic approach made the Starbuck a leader in the beverages industry. The location of the coffee houses is one of the major factors responsible for their growth. The Starbucks uses the strategy of premium pricing, which means that people conceives the high price with high value. With the changes in the business environment Starbucks launched its mobile app for making the experience more convenient for the customers.

Issues, controversies and challenges

The Milkashake can use the strategy of communication mix to place their product. The communication mix is the strategy used by companies to place their products for its targeted audience. The company can use various promotion techniques to promote the product like special discounts, etc. But there are some issues related to the product placements, the company need t take care of these matters. The first phase of the product design, the design should be free from issues that it should be away from the legal troubles. The distribution should also be convenient that the supply should be smooth. The company should be able to manage all the issues for better placement of the product. When there are issues related to the any part of the product placement would create the trouble for the company. As the company is planning to open 25 stores, they should get the favourable location, which can attract its targeted customers. The supply to these stores should also be convenient as it’s among the most important issues. 

The businesses also confronts controversies, they should be stay away from these as these controversies degrades the image of the business. The company can face controversies related to the milkshakes content as they have high sugar content. The controversies can also arise from the advertisements which some people can found provocative; this can cause the loss of sales or negative image for the company. The company should manage the standards of the items according to the compliance of the food and safety standards of the country. The company should take care of laws and compliance from the legal experts to stay away from the controversies as the negative branding would create a bad message for the customers. The use of ingredients should be to the levels as prescribed by the food standards in the country.

The company has the first challenge of the costing to compete its competitors. The other challenge is to create the awareness about the products to its targeted customers. The customers are the ones the product is designed for. The targeted customers are the teenagers and the parents, so product and the ambience of the cafe should be designed to suit them. The location should be where their reach is easy. The challenge is to establish the brand which becomes a household name with the use of taglines as used by the Red Bull to make the brand of eminence.

Conclusion and Recommendations

The report has analysed the product placement with the use of academic resources and their findings were discussed. There results were in favour of the practices to be used by the Milkashake, to place its product. The case study of the energy drink giant Red Bull was discussed to give the preview of the strategies which Milkashake can get information to its own benefits. The challenges were also discussed which the company faces in this intense competitive business environment. The issues with the product placement were also elaborated along with the controversies the company might face, and the measures to tackle those controversies were also elaborated.

The Junior Marketing Manager get to across various companies and read their case studies. From his experience through this period of the research, it is recommended, the Marketing Manager should design the ambience of the cafe which should attract the teenagers and there should be a separate section for the parents who if wants can sit there. There should be a tagline that should be an appealing one, which attracts the teenager and that they should relate themselves to it. The company should run sponsorship campaigns to create the awareness about the brand, they should engage in the events where the teenagers usually go. The menu should have some catchy names some can be named after the superheroes or the fairy characters which the teens find appealing. The wifi facility is also a must have as the youth is very much socially connect every time. There is one thing that can give us an advantage over the other, by putting sugar free shakes in our menu for the health concerned customers. There should be a period of loyalty rewards to build a loyal and satisfied customer base. The one of the most important tool is the feedback system; there should be a system to ask the customer about the satisfaction of the services offered by the company.  These things should be put forth as my observation, they will improve our business.

References

Binder, A., Naderer, B. and Matthes, J., 2019. Do children’s food choices go with the crowd? Effects of majority and minority peer cues shown within an audiovisual cartoon on children’s healthy food choice. Social Science & Medicine, 225, pp.42-50.

Briggs, C., McBurnett, H., Galindo, D. and Knuth, F., Cinsay Inc, 2014. Interactive product placement system and method therefor. U.S. Patent 8,893,173.

Chan, F.F.Y., Petrovici, D. and Lowe, B., 2016. Antecedents of product placement effectiveness across cultures. International Marketing Review, 33(1), pp.5-24.

Chaney, I., Hosany, S., Wu, M.S.S., Chen, C.H.S. and Nguyen, B., 2018. Size does matter: Effects of in-game advertising stimuli on brand recall and brand recognition

Eagle, L. and Dahl, S., 2018. Product placement in old and new media: examining the evidence for concern. Journal of Business Ethics, 147(3), pp.605-618.

High, D.R., Chakrobartty, S. and Taylor, R.C., Walmart Inc, 2016. Apparatus and method of monitoring product placement within a shopping facility. U.S. Patent Application 15/061,265.

Liu, S.H., Chou, C.H. and Liao, H.L., 2015. An exploratory study of product placement in social media. Internet Research, 25(2), pp.300-316.

Matthes, J. and Naderer, B., 2016. Product placement disclosures: Exploring the moderating effect of placement frequency on brand responses via persuasion knowledge. International Journal of Advertising, 35(2), pp.185-199.

Robson, K. and Pitt, L., 2018. People of walmart: Targeting the world’s largest retailer and its customers. SAGE Publications: SAGE Business Cases Originals.

Venkatesan, R., 2017. Executing on a customer engagement strategy.

Reflective Statement

I get the understanding of the product placement through various articles and the books. I read about the topic in depth from the books related to the topic and the research papers, which helped me a lot while writing this paper, these were the sources I used while writing this paper.  The key wors used by me for finding the relevant research articles were the product, placement and also checked the credibility of the source through the citations.I did a thorough analysis of the papers notes the important information through them and also analysed them critically which is reflected in this paper of mine. I also read several case studies about the companies which has been successful in placing their product in the marketplace. The most astonishing and amazing case study were of the Red Bull Corporation, how it gained market through various unprecedented techniques of marketing. This was a great learning experience in this field of study and knowing how the good placement of products can take the business towards the highs. The learning about the controversies the companies faces and the challenges were a difficult task to access. I enjoyed being reflecting the role of the Junior Marketing Manager and put forward recommendations from my understanding.

This essay analyses the concept of Corporate social responsibility that formalise the relationship in the organisation. It also elaborates the different activities of CSR through which organisation can easily carried out their business. It includes the activities such as promoting the education system, Reducing the rate of mortality, promoting the gender equality. It also analyses the different issues of CSR such as engagement of stakeholder, gender balance, good governance, environmental management etc. Apart from this, it also ascertains the different arguments in relation to the social activities. While adopting the CSR the competitors can gain positive advantage and keeps a further step towards the environmental and social factors. In addition to this, it can be stated that CSR is different from the philanthropy, when it executed in proper manner then it can be ingrained in the culture and values of the company that affects the business. 

Corporate social responsibility is the method through which companies can integrate the environmental and social factors in the operations of business (Kim, et. al., 2018). The main objective of CSR is to increase the profits for the long-term business by ensuring them to become the efficient. It can be stated that CSR activities includes the different policies of company that insist the process of working with their partners who follows the different practices of business. It also provides the opportunities to men and women at different level in organisations. It can be noted that the companies stress on the concept of CSR as if the society does not approve the way or method of doing business then they lose the reputation of customers. CSR not only increase the revenue or business they can progress and change throughout the world. 

Apart from this, it can be stated that the approach of CSR are increasing day by day. It relies on the various relationship with employees, communities, investors etc. It can be stated that the corporate sector has an obligation towards their own business, employees, shareholders in the direction of community. So, all the units of corporate have a responsibility for the rise of community and that can be known as corporate social responsibility. In addition to this, the CSR not only refers to the compliance with the standards, labour, human right but also compete with the sustainable management of natural resources, philanthropic initiatives and volunteer projects. The strategies of CSR encourage the company to make the positive impact on the shareholders and environment . The shareholder includes the employees of company, suppliers, consumers, national governments that can be affected by the activities such as manufacturing, construction etc. 

In the modern era, the business organisations use the concept of CSR more and it can be accepted in different situations according to their changes. It is the duty of business towards the society that can be accepted and indicates the liability. There are certain arguments that favour the concept of CSR such as it Protects the interests of shareholders as to receive the support from employees, it is essential for the organisations to discharge the accountability towards their employees. Long term survival, it can be determined that the organisations of business are more powerful towards the society. To avoid the problems and self-destruction the enterprises uses the concept of social responsibility. It also avoids the regulation of government, if the business enterprises do not follow the norms and ethics then they can attract towards the legislative restrictions. It can be noted that the government directly influences the organisations through their norms and regulations. In addition to this, the resources plays a vital role in the organisations as they can be used to resolve the social problems. They are the creation of society and also work for the interest of company from the both factors that is socially and economically. Apart from this, it can also be asserted that in today’s world the society faces serious problems due to emergence of new companies. Therefore, it is the moral duty or responsibility to solve the problems and also check the organisation who are using more resources. 

On the other side, the CSR does not favour all the activities there are certain activities that are against it.  It can be argued by the rivals of social responsibilities that the function of enterprise can be looked in to economic viability of operations. It is the duty of the government to concern with the interest of society. The main accountability of social responsibility is with the government not with the business organisations. It can also be stated that the benefit of social programme in which the cots exceed then it will not be taken by the enterprise in the period of short-run. The major issue is regarding the competence and skill, which means that managers are not capable to solve the problems of social responsibility. In addition to this, it can be stated that the main of organisation is to earn profit, they are accused to have more profit. But the business can operate in the world of hunger, poverty and it is the matter of priority and that should be the mission. The another can be in form of cost as the cost of social responsibility can be passed on the society and the main concern is regarding that society can be bear these additions cost and that becomes the major issue (Epstein, 2018). The other arguments is regarding the centre point that means the companies who uses the major part and or on most they are not successful towards their goals. For example the personality such as Bill gates , who does not achieved the status , the Welch remembered for the brutal downsizing  and for the incidents of pollutions an prosecutions etc. It is the duty of the government to deal with the social benefit not with the business, which means that the business is beyond the public policy and morality and that depends on us (Aguinis and Glavas, 2019). It can be expected by the government to provide the legal framework and that should be followed by the society. Through this, the individuals and organisations can maintain the peace and perform the legal task only. It is limited to the transfer of social cost that can be done through the high price, as the costs are passed towards the consumers by increasing the number of services and goods. The other factor is low wages which means if the executives maintain the level of prices then the social cost can be indicated through the reduction of wages (London, 2018). If the wages remain stabilised, then profits will be diminished that lower the dividends to the stakeholders. These low profits diminish the desire of managers to engage in the activities of corporate social responsibility. The other states that the business is owned by the stakeholders as the money spent on CSR by the higher authority is theft of the property. This statement means that there is human right instance against the social responsibility and that is the approach of shareholder and considers as the disadvantage (Hasan, et. al., 2018).  

Lastly, it can be stated that building the relationship with the customers is the important and having the policy of social responsibility can influence the decision of buying on customers. As there are certain customers who have an ability to spend money for product, if they knew that the profit is going worthy cause (Crowther and Seifi, 2018). 

From the above essay, it can be concluded that Corporate social responsibility plays a crucial role in the business organisations. It aids to the mission of the organisations as well as serve as a guide to the company that represents for its customers. Apart from this, it also lays an emphasis on the business ethics that investigates the ethical principles and the ethical problems  that arise in the environment of business. Business can be recognised as the most important entities in the community. Their actions and decision have the capability to create a change in the society. It is the duty of managers not to misuse the trust of society as they are bound to flow the norms. The business exists to supply the services and goods and earn more and more profit. They are ruined by the human beings whose actions and decisions can create the changes in the community. 

References

• Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2019. On corporate social responsibility, sensemaking, and the search for meaningfulness through work. Journal of Management, 45(3), pp.1057-1086.
• Crowther, D. and Seifi, S. eds., 2018. Redefining Corporate Social Responsibility. Emerald Group Publishing.
• Epstein, M.J., 2018. Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental and economic impacts. Routledge.
• Hasan, I., Kobeissi, N., Liu, L. and Wang, H., 2018. Corporate social responsibility and firm financial performance: The mediating role of productivity. Journal of Business Ethics, 149(3), pp.671-688.
• Kim, K.H., Kim, M. and Qian, C., 2018. Effects of corporate social responsibility on corporate financial performance: A competitive-action perspective. Journal of Management, 44(3), pp.1097-1118.
• London, M., 2018. Leadership and advocacy: Dual roles for corporate social responsibility and social entrepreneurship. In Contemporary Issues in Leadership (pp. 259-278). Routledge.

Introduction

Marketing refers to the activity in which the company develops plans as well as strategies to promote the services and products. Marketing is an essential element and plays an important role in the development of the business. Face to face marketing is the process in which the company promotes its services and products through verbal interactions. The marketing skills and techniques are used by the salesperson to increase the sales of the company. Whereas, virtual marketing is the marketing technique in which the company makes use of online sources for promoting the services and products. Teams working in different places will find virtual marketing much more effective than virtual marketing. 

Virtual Marketing (For)

The Marketing Director of the organisation should plan to build a team which involves in virtual marketing method. In today’s business era, virtual marketing is the most common method of promoting the products of the company in comparison to the face to face marketing. Virtual marketing includes a well-developed structure and strategies of promotion. It includes the development of the social networks which helps the company to spread as much information about the product and also reach out to a large number of customers. it becomes easier for the company to share the product related information and also the information regarding the company (Khaneja, 2016). Marketing through online modes reduces the cost and expenses of the company. This helps the company to reduce the investment and also create an international reach. Being the marketing manager, I find virtual marketing as an asset for the ABC Company.

(Source: Cartwright, 2018)

According to Fraile, 2019, Virtual marketing helps the customers and the audience to interact with the company and also view their developed image in the market. Awareness about the products and other related elements is possible through virtual marketing on a regular basis at every location including Melbourne. Nowadays, the development of the apps has helped the companies to make it easier for the customers and the audience to reach out to the wide variety of the products offered by them. Virtual marketing helps to create a brand image of the company on a global level. For example, the positive comments and insights of the customers on the online sites helps the company to influence the buyer behavior and target a large number of customers in the market (Fraile, 2019). According to me, reaching out customers becomes easier with the help of virtual marketing.

Virtual Marketing (Against)

Virtual marketing can be less effective in some cases in comparison to the face to face marketing. As the internet and related devices are used by almost all the customers and audience, there are some regions and areas where reaching out the audience is possible through face to face interaction.  It can create certain problems and issues for the company if the content of advertising is not much relevant. The negative comments of the customers can create a bad image of the company and can create a heavy loss to the business. The thinking of the customers sometimes is that what is shown over the online sources will not be the same which they would receive (Bostanshirin, 2014). Virtual marketing is not much effective in case of analyzing the preferences of the customers. Verbal interactions i.e. face to face communications helps the company to analyze the preferences and choices of the customers and gain their reviews over the product. I find that virtual marketing has some disadvantages in comparison to face to face interaction with the public. 

Counter-Argument and Rebuttal

Being the marketing manager of the company, plans should be structured and developed in such a way that it focuses on face to face communications with the customers as well as on virtual marketing. This will help the ABC Company in reaching out a maximum number of people and increase their sales through effective marketing.  In the words of Bala, & Verma, (2018), Both the methods are effective and should be equally focused on, but it is noticed that the benefits of virtual marketing are more than that of the face to face interactions with the audience. Combination of both methods would be beneficial for the company. There are some areas in which face to face marketing of the products is not easier, in such case virtual marketing enables the company to communicate with the customers and the audience. Virtual marketing is one of the beneficial and smart ways of advertising the products and benefits the company to a great extent (Bala, & Verma, 2018). 

Conclusion

From the report, it has been concluded that virtual marketing is more beneficial than the face to face marketing. Virtual marketing helps the company to reach out to a large number of customers and is a time-saving method of marketing the products. Whereas, face to face marketing is the old method of marketing, but is more time consuming and even costly method of marketing. Teams working in Melbourne, Shanghai, Los Angeles, and Banglore should initiate steps for marketing the products virtually as it is much effective way to promote the products of the company.  

References

• Bala, M., & Verma, D., 2018. A critical review of digital marketing. [Online] ResearchGate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328253026_A_Critical_Review_of_Digital_Marketing. [Accessed: 11 April 2019]

• • Bostanshirin, S., 2014. Online marketing: challenges and opportunities. Proceedings of Socioint14-International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities. pp. 783-789.
  • Cartwright, H., 2018. The Winning Formula For Successful Digital Marketing in 2018. [Online] Multi Channel merchant. Available at: https://multichannelmerchant.com/blog/the-winning-formula-for-successful-digital-marketing-in-2018/. [Accessed: 11 April 2019]

• Fraile, A., 2019. What is viral marketing? Advantages and examples. [Online] Cyberclick. Available at: https://www.cyberclick.es/numericalblogen/what-is-viral-marketing-advantages-and-examples. [Accessed: 11 April 2019]

• Khaneja, S., 2016. Viral Marketing: A magic wand to Success. GE-International Journal of Management Research. Vol. 4, No. 7, pp. 95-106.

 

Introduction

Management accounting within the business is needed to implement numerous accounting ways to work the operations correct manner. This report focuses on the analysis of management accounting ways that are applicable for the business operations. The report explains edges and disadvantages of the assorted designing ways applied for monetary fund management. Additionally to the present, the report conjointly recommend by which a company will create the employment of explained ways so monetary issues are often managed. During this manner, numerous ways of company accounting are explained that are are useful in coping with economic issues.

LO3

P4

The advantages and downsides of designing techniques used for monetary fund management is as follows-
Advantages

• Budgeting: The particular amount money to pay premiums within the same months to manage their financial gain they are gift to verify and to pay their bills frequently i.e., monthly they are prepared for these payments.
• Worth Setting: Market things like your enemies costs aren’t the alone limits they want to line their fees, costs and prices. They desires to inform their production and overhead prices before you set your rates (Cooper. et., al, 2017). A budget permits them to endeavor their service, health care, marketing, rent, wages, debt charges and various costs so they are going to be ready to learn existence worth per unit of constructing their product or delivering their service. Once you acknowledge this, they are going to be ready to set their prices to create the profit they might like.
• Capital and Credit procural: Few deals capitalists, banks, dealers or various house owners will offer them with money or trust unless they need got cash inquiry to gauge they are a going interest (Abdelmoneim  & Jones, 2014).

Disadvantages 

• The character of the account is numeric, so it tends to focus government attention on the quantitative ways of an employment. In reality, customers don’t care exercise the profits of a business. 
• Blame for results: If the agency does not bring home the bacon its accounted results, the agency controller may action on the opposite agency that offers services to that for not having fully supported is agency (Turner &  Guilding, 2012).
• Expense allotment: The budget may impose that positive amounts of overhead costs are assigned to varied departments, and so the controllers of those agencies may trouble the allotment ways in which used.
• Time needed: The time exercised is lesser if there is a well constructed accounting method in place, employees equal half awake to the strategy, and so the organization uses accounting package (Turner &  Guilding, 2012).

M3 

Planning tools

1. Budgeting

When they have selected what their possible planning involves, they should prefer how these plans are to be sustained (Paulsson, 2012). Understanding of a monetary arrangement is a basic device in guaranteeing that they stay answerable for your operating cost 

• Calculating assets 
• Affirming that approved achievement can in reality be finance. 
• Settling on capital related options in a knowledgeable and very much skilled way. 
• Recognizing regions of possible problem and manufacture planning for same.
• Calculating implementation to date beside pre-arranged limit (Cooper. et., al, 2017).

The character of data given by a monetary plan is balanced to the effort that has been put reserves into it. A financial arrangement on the off possibility that it is to be flourishing should determine the agreement among calculating in somewhat slack to take into explanation unpredicted occasions, while in the interim individual regions in which operating cost can be cut. 

2. Cash Flow Forecasting 

While arrangement is a helpful apparatus for organizing purposes, a Cash Flow Forecast is increasingly perceptive by its very character. It helps the capitalist in unique summits and channels in depository account. A revenue measure will assist with recognizing the requirement in which growth is to be supervises. The revenue estimate is characteristic in character and will help with casting feasible preparations by distinguish regions, for example, Financing fundamentals, Zones of price that should be looked into, Provider conditions that should be renegotiated (Abdelmoneim  & Jones, 2014).

Applications

• Assess Accuracy of a Forecast: Precision of the estimate is urgent for basic leadership and distributing assets for a specific task. Distinctive sorts of estimating strategies give diverse dimension of certainty interim and the administration needs to determine whether the utilization of anticipating strategy is fitting for that specific result. 
• Money saving advantage Analysis: All in all, if more exertion and assets are placed in, the figure will be increasingly precise. Anyway the cost engaged with going for a complex conjecture should be endorsed given the imperative of assets. 
• Timetables of Forecasting: Timetables for figure (choice to make a 5-year estimate or a 10-year measure) is an urgent factor in landing at the exactness of conjecture (Turner & Guilding, 2012). Be that as it may, there is a tradeoff of measure of information included and expanding courses of events, which should be deiced before beginning the determining procedure. 

D3

Findings of the report

Financial analysis is a very important step, whereas considering an organization’s investment perspective. It is a method of ratio between numerous products in monetary statements. Ratios are classified as advantageous ratios, liquidity ratios, plus utilization ratios, leverage ratios and assessment ratios supported the suggestion they supply. A stability sheet, earning declaration is the foremost essential financial declaration and if properly examined and taken will offers precious visions into an organizations employment (Belfo & Trigo, 2013).

Financial Proportions are usually employed by at this time and capable investors, creditors and financial establishments to judge an organization past achieve spot fashions in a very employment and to match its progress with the common company progress (Abdelmoneim & Jones, 2014). Internally, the controller uses these ratios to watch progress and to line specific aims, objectives, and policy actions.

LO4

P5

Key-performance indicators
KPI stands for the set of some standardized parameters that must be adopted by a company compare the inner performance against applied individual standards. As an associate degree example, most accepted level of short liquidity is 2:1 and, an enterprise can compare liquidity of business against this applied commonplace to analysis the areas of problems. 
Through the applying of KPI’s, structural performance is measured against applicable standards (Belfo & Trigo, 2013). It will facilitate identifying the problem containing areas that need improvement. Once the identification of such areas, associate degree economical strategy is made and enforced by management to urge eliminate cash issues and insure property growth.

Benchmarking
This term stands for the tactic that’s expounded to comparison among industry-based-standardized-values and aftereffect of business operations, as an associate degree example, eighteen net profit is assumed higher in Retail market trade of the United Kingdom, so a company is that’s gaining profits eighteen or lots of are assumed smart whereas a corporation that’s not generating profits as per trade commonplace are assumed, low entertainer. Through the applying of benchmarking, a business can improve the internal performance level up to trade parameters to insure sensible profits and enlargement (Cooper. et., al, 2017).

Financial governance
Financial governance is associate in nursing indicator of those moral rules that unit needed to be applied terribly very business corporation to insure security from dirt that may occur due to non-presence of ethical arrangements. Actually, losses from stealing or fraud unit one the key issue for the money problems in business and thus the adoption of economic governance creates Associate in Nursing surroundings of ethics in operation. Also, it ends up within the establishment of sound internal controls in structure, procedures that stops the entity from capital losses (Paulsson, 2012).

M4

 Management accounting have basic objective to produce the management for deciding purpose. As merely simply just in case of economic issues, management wants the knowledge relating to increasing. There are a unit type of corporations have the skills to satisfy these challenges and to contend in a very property economy in step with the Environmental Management and Assessment Institute. The Management Report stands to purpose what vary business entities have disappeared into valuable intelligence and analysis by failing to appreciate trait capabilities. This involves the utilization atmosphere for impact and analysis and news on the impact of environmental and economical factors on employment progress. Throughout this case, the senior respondent may have data on this type of knowledge (Belfo & Trigo, 2013). However, there unit of activity indications that it begins to vary, and predicts fraction of the calculable expected growth at intervals subsequent 2 years for environmental and social information. The financial gain forecasts will facilitate predicts forthcoming money shortages to assist them turn out the proper decisions. It will facilitate in tax preparation, developing with new instrumentation purchases or distinctive if they may would like to secure barely business loans (Brooks & Mukherjee, 2013).

Conclusion

From the above discussion, it is known that unethical operating of workers, low performance of employees and inefficient investment coming up with are major factors for the money problems in business entities and, it may be removed through the applying of management accounting tools. Findings of debate are enough to bring to a close that the employment of management register is extremely helpful for business firms within the consummation of targets.

References

Cooper, D.J., Ezzamel, M. and Qu, S.Q., 2017. Popularizing a management accounting idea: The case of the balanced scorecard. Contemporary Accounting Research, 34(2), pp.991-1025.

Abdelmoneim Mohamed, A. and Jones, T., 2014. Relationship between strategic management accounting techniques and profitability–a proposed model. Measuring Business Excellence, 18(3), pp.1-22.

Turner, M.J. and Guilding, C., 2012. Factors affecting biasing of capital budgeting cash flow forecasts: evidence from the hotel industry. Accounting and Business Research, 42(5), pp.519-545.

Belfo, F. and Trigo, A., 2013. Accounting information systems: Tradition and future directions. Procedia Technology, 9, pp.536-546.

Brooks, R. and Mukherjee, A.K., 2013. Financial management: core concepts. Pearson.

Paulsson, G., 2012. The role of management accountants in new public management. Financial Accountability & Management, 28(4), pp.378-394.

Introduction 

In this report, it will talk about Eco-Fone cell phones. The organization is selling cell phones and embellishments with the two shops, one in Putney and another in Richmond. In current situation the PDAs is extremely helpful for the general population in an each field of work. The association is likewise working in the new market then they will satisfy the study and see all the criticism and make the procedures for the association.

Task 1 

In The United Kingdom cell phones are having an extraordinary market with cutting edge highlights. In the current situation, cell phones are having the most extreme number of requirements. In Deloitte, the cell phones have 3393 clients utilizing and standard cell phone has 732 clients in three months, in this value, there has a most extreme contrast with both of classification. In the Deloitte day by day cell phones is expanding step by step in products that of different gadgets, for example, 10% of the UK grown-ups are utilizing the e-reader every day (31% is utilizing the age of 18-75-year-olds) (Berenguer et. al., 2017).

Question: Thinking of when you last used each device. Was it within the..?

As per the chart the cell phones are on the best and the 91% open of the UK is utilizing in every day schedule work. In the cell phones has not having the segment of never gather in this chart (Leme et. al., 2015).

The UK open is having extensive number of clients, the cell phones are helping in every day schedule work that is the reason it is utilizing to an ever increasing extent. The proportion is expanding a result of the advanced mobile phones refreshing with the need of client(Rennhoff & Routon, 2016). Cell phones are doing work in simple ways.

Task-2

Year	Percentage
	Laptop	Smart phones	Tablets
2012	73	52	16
2013	76	62	36
2014	75	70	50
2015	79	76	60
2016	76	81	63
2017	78	85	68

According to the direct condition of the present position, the cell phones are performing admirably. (Leme et. al., 2015). PC is in best in 2012 and the cell phones as went ahead the 2012 and all the open is instructed what’s more, the cell phones have basically propelled for the 18-multi year. The cell phone as go out the workstation in 2016, the PC is principally utilized for office reason and the cell phones with respect to all the individual open on the planet. The table has the fundamental focus for the adolescents, it is, additionally utilized for the workplace. The tablet has likewise accomplished in 2012-2014 and afterward after the tablet has stalled out in the market. (Berenguer et. al., 2017). The cell phones are constantly expanding a direct result of the time sparing, all the work is finished by the smart phones, it spares time.

Task-3

According to the Kelvin, cell phones are having an incredible market in the UK in the age of 55-75-year¬olds is utilizing cell phones with 71%. The advanced cell is having extraordinary highlights and they are on the whole ideal with every one of the requirements. Over the most recent multi year, the age gather has picked the most astounding or quicker appropriation rate. The cell-phones are utilizing by the upper age amass more than the more youthful individuals of the UK open. The individual who is utilizing the cell phones they check in at regular intervals. Every one of the grown-ups are utilizing facebook up to 70% of general society and all the 70% open having a record with facebook. (Gumbel, 2012) The rate has accompanied the last examination in the May and June of 1163 people groups. Deloitte suggested that high society open is utilizing cell phones than normal people groups will be a piece of premium handsets. The developing quantities of clients are in smart phones they all work done in the cell phones.

Task-4

 

Should we expand our business our business to Kingston?
Pros	Score/10		Cons	Score/10
Increased customer reach	8		Limited accessibility	10
Increased profit	9		Limited quality	6
Reduce competition	6		Loss of control	5
Increase resources	5		Increased capital requirement	7
New employees	7		Increased staff	7
Improve brand image	7		Increased pressure	5
Consumer awareness	8		More expenditure on infrastructure	6
Increased sales	9	More funds		9
Total Pros	59	Total cons		55
Average Pros	7.37	Average Cons		6.875

Each association has an upside’s and downsides of system that needs to recognize and investigation of the professionals what’s more, cons. Each technique has a genius or favorable position and cons or hindrance, make the choices for utilizing the systems to get the best outcome for the association. According to the above advantages and disadvantages, the geniuses are in high that can be fit for the association. In the new market that is Kingstone, the association needs to do the full research and do the review with the general population. The association will entryway more benefit in the new market that can satisfy with the showcasing and imaginative methodology with offers.The association needs to contemplate the SWOT examination of the whole contender and with self and afterward it will help with the clients. See every one of the necessities of the client, and at that point make the powerful procedure to accomplish the whole objective with a productive way. The administration needs to work legitimately with the ideal head; the administration is having the appropriate segmentation work with the group. In the new market has an alternate culture of conduct the items need to deal with the need.

Task-5

 

A). Calculation of monthly cost.

Calculation of Monthly cost of a mortgage loan for Eco-fone
Loan amount Loan term Payment per year Rate of interest	350,000 15 year  12 year  7%
Monthly Installment payment — £ 3,146

B). Commercial Mortgage lenders in the United Kingdom.

The Royal bank of Scotland is the money bank in Scotland, it is giving the scope of items that are appended to the administration’s ventures fund ensure scheme. The illustrious bank has a proper plan for the client with their necessities, for example, client need non-account alternatives then the bank is giving that kind of thing.

Together is the business contracts, that having the scope of client conditions and the association is having the numerous property types. The client has the decision to pick the obtaining against the properties with the field of the work. The association is rigid in nature.

The Nat West is the business contracts association. The association is giving the most astounding time of the credit to satisfy the borrowings. There has the reimbursements framework in the fixed and variable rates with possess conditions (Karcz, 2014).

The THINK business advances are likewise business contracts, this is the master in business contracts. The rate of premium is least in the market contrasted and all the association.

Task-6

 

Two-tailed Z test

Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis = 0.05>H0<0_05 

Information’s given

Particular	Amount	Amount
Mean	£100	£90
Standard Deviations	£20	£40
Sample Size	40	40

 

Formula:

z=x1–x212n1+22n2

According to the report, the invalid speculation is rejected with the above arrangement so the two shops are not occurring in the field of the theory. The Z test is getting the 1.4142 this can be appeared in the z table that is 0.158. The invalid theory that given the fat rate is 15% and the populace implies is not the same as the 15%. After that get choice rejected (Leech et. al., 2013).

Task-7

Question 1 Last time usage.

Question1
X	F
1 2 3 4 5	25 20 12 27 19
Mean	20.6

Question2. How long mobile used.

Question 2
X	F
1 2 3 4 5	8 27 37 30 1
Mean	20.6

Question3A. Service and support of mobile phones

Question 3A
X	F
1 2 3 4	30 52 14 7
Mean	25.75

Question3B. Product and services

Question 3B
X	F
1 2 3 4	10 47 30 16
Mean	25.75

Question3C. Sales Staff

Question 3C
X	F
1 2 3 4	17 15 67 4
Mean	25.75

Question3D Price and value of smartphones

Question 3D
X	F
1 2 3 4	25 20 38 20
Mean	25.75

Question4 Satisfied from services

Question 4
X	F
1 2 3 4 5	16 50 16 10 11
Mean	20.6

Question5 Did they want to continue

Question 5
X	F
1 2 3 4 5	10 47 30 14 2
Mean	20.6

Question6. Any recommendations for products

Question 6
X	F
1 2 3 4	7 15 60 21
Mean	25.75

Mean

Mean is additionally called the scientific desire, which implies the normal esteem discrete arrangement of numbers. It implies the mean is entirety of all qualities is isolated by number of esteems. The math mean is the arrangement of all numbers is named by the qualities (Gumbel, 2012). The information will be in the perception acquired by determination since the factual way.

Formula:

Mean of Grouped Data

x= fxn

where,   x= mean

f = frequency of each class

x= mid interval value of each class

n= total frequency (Maklan et. al., 2017)

fx = sum of the product of mid interval values and their corresponding frequency

Task- 8 

According to the situation, the Poisson dissemination is reasonable for the situation on account of Poisson conveyance is the unmistakable shot spreading of the errand or occasion happening in the path in a given period. It for the most part examined for the Poisson appropriation as an essential factor for the binomial dispersion, the odds of thing is without question yet the likelihood is short of what it is fit for the situation ( Hong, 2013).

Formula:

Px,μ=(e-μ)(x)xǃ

Given Information

X — Number of actual occurrence – 3

µ— Average number of success – 2 

e – – 2.71828

Poison probability= (2.71828-2) (23) / 3!

Poison Probability = (0.13534) (8)/6

Poison probability = 0.1 80

The administration needs to pick the Poisson dissemination in light of the fact that the Poisson can be utilized in the minimum cases in the event that the odds are in less alternative, at that point the Poisson conveyance will be utilized and afterward in this, the Poisson dispersion is having three choice then it will pick one of them. 

The Poisson dispersion gets the likelihood of event of an occasion is 0.180. The administration has a decision that can utilize the Poisson circulation for the best arrangement. The association is getting the solicitations in reverse for quality affirmation, which is under half is 0.180.  On the particular time, in the expansive populace of cells will get a transformation in this the likelihood with an individual cell (Chatfield,2018).

Task-9  

References

Leme, D.M., Oliveira, G.A.R.D., Meireles, G., Brito, L.B., Rodrigues, L.D.B. and Palma de Oliveira, D., 2015. Eco-and genotoxicological assessments of two reactive textile dyes. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 78(5), pp.287-300. 

Leech, N., Barrett, K. and Morgan, G.A., 2013. SPSS for intermediate statistics: Use and interpretation. Routledge. 

Gumbel, E.J., 2012. Statistics of extremes. Courier Corporation. 

Maklan, S., Antonetti, P. and Whitty, S., 2017. A better way to manage customer experience: Lessons from the royal bank of Scotland. California Management Review, 59(2), pp.92-115. 

Karcz, J., 2014. New forms of employment in the logistics industry. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 9, pp.84-95.

Chatfield, C., 2018. Statistics for technology: a course in applied statistics. Routledge.

Hong, Y., 2013. On computing the distribution function for the Poisson binomial distribution. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 59, pp.41-51.

Berenguer, A., Goncalves, J., Hosio, S., Ferreira, D., Anagnostopoulos, T. and Kostakos, V., 2017. Are Smartphones Ubiquitous?: An in-depth survey of smartphone adoption by seniors. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 6(1), pp.104-110.

Rennhoff, A.D. and Routon, P.W., 2016. Can you hear me now? The rise of smartphones and their welfare effects. Telecommunications Policy, 40(1), pp.39-51.

Task-10

In the above assignment, the organization Eco-Fone cell phones sell cell phones and in the present year, the cell phones are at the highest point of the area. In this report had a correlation with the PCs, smart phones and tablets on that circumstance the cell phones is additionally on the best. In the article has given by Kelvin they state that in the UK open is utilizing the cell phones in 55-multi year old. For selling the items in the new market, for the accomplishment of objective the organization had done the review.

Introduction 

In this report, it will talk about Eco-Fone cell phones. The organization is selling cell phones and embellishments with the two shops, one in Putney and another in Richmond. In current situation the PDAs is extremely helpful for the general population in an each field of work. The association is likewise working in the new market then they will satisfy the study and see all the criticism and make the procedures for the association.

Task 1 

In The United Kingdom cell phones are having an extraordinary market with cutting edge highlights. In the current situation, cell phones are having the most extreme number of requirements. In Deloitte, the cell phones have 3393 clients utilizing and standard cell phone has 732 clients in three months, in this value, there has a most extreme contrast with both of classification. In the Deloitte day by day cell phones is expanding step by step in products that of different gadgets, for example, 10% of the UK grown-ups are utilizing the e-reader every day (31% is utilizing the age of 18-75-year-olds) (Berenguer et. Al., 2017).

Question: Thinking of when you last used each device. Was it within the..?

As per the chart the cell phones are on the best and the 91% open of the UK is utilizing in every day schedule work. In the cell phones has not having the segment of never gather in this chart (Leme et. Al., 2015).

The UK open is having extensive number of clients, the cell phones are helping in every day schedule work that is the reason it is utilizing to an ever increasing extent. The proportion is expanding a result of the advanced mobile phones refreshing with the need of client(Rennhoff & Routon, 2016). Cell phones are doing work in simple ways.

Task-2

 

Year	Percentage
	Laptop	Smart phones	Tablets
2012	73	52	16
2013	76	62	36
2014	75	70	50
2015	79	76	60
2016	76	81	63
2017	78	85	68

According to the direct condition of the present position, the cell phones are performing admirably. (Leme et. Al., 2015). PC is in best in 2012 and the cell phones as went ahead the 2012 and all the open is instructed what’s more, the cell phones have basically propelled for the 18-multi year. The cell phone as go out the workstation in 2016, the PC is principally utilized for office reason and the cell phones with respect to all the individual open on the planet. The table has the fundamental focus for the adolescents, it is, additionally utilized for the workplace. The tablet has likewise accomplished in 2012-2014 and afterward after the tablet has stalled out in the market. (Berenguer et. Al., 2017). The cell phones are constantly expanding a direct result of the time sparing, all the work is finished by the smart phones, it spares time.

Task-3

According to the Kelvin, cell phones are having an incredible market in the UK in the age of 55-75-year¬olds is utilizing cell phones with 71%. The advanced cell is having extraordinary highlights and they are on the whole ideal with every one of the requirements. Over the most recent multi year, the age gather has picked the most astounding or quicker appropriation rate. The cell-phones are utilizing by the upper age amass more than the more youthful individuals of the UK open. The individual who is utilizing the cell phones they check in at regular intervals. Every one of the grown-ups are utilizing facebook up to 70% of general society and all the 70% open having a record with facebook. (Gumbel, 2012) The rate has accompanied the last examination in the May and June of 1163 people groups. Deloitte suggested that high society open is utilizing cell phones than normal people groups will be a piece of premium handsets. The developing quantities of clients are in smart phones they all work done in the cell phones.

Task-4

Should we expand our business our business to Kingston?
Pros	Score/10		Cons	Score/10
Increased customer reach	8		Limited accessibility	10
Increased profit	9		Limited quality	6
Reduce competition	6		Loss of control	5
Increase resources	5		Increased capital requirement	7
New employees	7		Increased staff	7
Improve brand image	7		Increased pressure	5
Consumer awareness	8		More expenditure on infrastructure	6
Increased sales	9	More funds		9
Total Pros	59	Total cons		55
Average Pros	7.37	Average Cons		6.875

Each association has an upside’s and downsides of system that needs to recognize and investigation of the professionals what’s more, cons. Each technique has a genius or favorable position and cons or hindrance, make the choices for utilizing the systems to get the best outcome for the association. According to the above advantages and disadvantages, the geniuses are in high that can be fit for the association. In the new market that is Kingstone, the association needs to do the full research and do the review with the general population. The association will entryway more benefit in the new market that can satisfy with the showcasing and imaginative methodology with offers. ( Authority, 2015).The association needs to contemplate the SWOT examination of the whole contender and with self and afterward it will help with the clients. See every one of the necessities of the client, and at that point make the powerful procedure to accomplish the whole objective with a productive way. The administration needs to work legitimately with the ideal head; the administration is having the appropriate segmentation work with the group. In the new market has an alternate culture of conduct the items need to deal with the need.

Task-5

A). Calculation of monthly cost.

Calculation of Monthly cost of a mortgage loan for Eco-fone
Loan amountLoan term Payment per year Rate of interest	350,000 15 year  12 year  7%
Monthly Installment payment — £ 3,146

B). Commercial Mortgage lenders in the United Kingdom.

The Royal bank of Scotland is the money bank in Scotland, it is giving the scope of items that are appended to the administration’s ventures fund ensure scheme. The illustrious bank has a proper plan for the client with their necessities, for example, client need non-account alternatives then the bank is giving that kind of thing ( Authority, 2015).

Together is the business contracts, that having the scope of client conditions and the association is having the numerous property types. The client has the decision to pick the obtaining against the properties with the field of the work. The association is rigid in nature.

The Nat West is the business contracts association. The association is giving the most astounding time of the credit to satisfy the borrowings. There has the reimbursements framework in the fixed and variable rates with possess conditions (Karcz, 2014).

The THINK business advances are likewise business contracts, this is the master in business contracts. The rate of premium is least in the market contrasted and all the association.

Task-6

Two-tailed Z test

Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis = 0.05>H0<0_05 

Information’s given

Particular	Amount	Amount
Mean	£100	£90
Standard Deviations	£20	£40
Sample Size	40	40

Formula:

z=x1–x212n1+22n2

According to the report, the invalid speculation is rejected with the above arrangement so the two shops are not occurring in the field of the theory. The Z test is getting the 1.4142 this can be appeared in the z table that is 0.158. The invalid theory that given the fat rate is 15% and the populace implies is not the same as the 15%. After that get choice rejected (Leech et. Al., 2013).

Task-7

Question 1 Last time usage.

Question1
X	F
1 2 3 4 5	25 20 12 27 19
Mean	20.6

Question2. How long mobile used.

Question 2
X	F
1 2 3 4 5	8 27 37 30 1
Mean	20.6

Question3A. Service and support of mobile phones

Question 3A
X	F
1 2 3 4	30 52 14 7
Mean	25.75

Question3B. Product and services

Question 3B
X	F
1 2 3 4	10 47 30 16
Mean	25.75

Question3C. Sales Staff

Question 3C
X	F
1 2 3 4	17 15 67 4
Mean	25.75

Question3D Price and value of smartphones

Question 3D
X	F
1 2 3 4	25 20 38 20
Mean	25.75

Question4 Satisfied from services

Question 4
X	F
1 2 3 4 5	16 50 16 10 11
Mean	20.6

Question5 Did they want to continue

Question 5
X	F
1 2 3 4 5	10 47 30 14 2
Mean	20.6

Question6. Any recommendations for products

Question 6
X	F
1 2 3 4	7 15 60 21
Mean	25.75

Mean

Mean is additionally called the scientific desire, which implies the normal esteem discrete arrangement of numbers. It implies the mean is entirety of all qualities is isolated by number of esteems. The math mean is the arrangement of all numbers is named by the qualities (Gumbel, 2012). The information will be in the perception acquired by determination since the factual way.

Formula:

Mean of Grouped Data

x= fxn

where,   x= mean

f = frequency of each class

x= mid interval value of each class

n= total frequency (Maklan et. Al., 2017)

fx = sum of the product of mid interval values and their corresponding frequency

Task- 8 

According to the situation, the Poisson dissemination is reasonable for the situation on account of Poisson conveyance is the unmistakable shot spreading of the errand or occasion happening in the path in a given period. It for the most part examined for the Poisson appropriation as an essential factor for the binomial dispersion, the odds of thing is without question yet the likelihood is short of what it is fit for the situation ( Hong, 2013).

Formula:

Px,μ=(e-μ)(x)xǃ

Given Information

X — Number of actual occurrence – 3

µ— Average number of success – 2 

e – – 2.71828

Poison probability= (2.71828-2) (23) / 3!

Poison Probability = (0.13534) (8)/6

Poison probability = 0.1 80

The administration needs to pick the Poisson dissemination in light of the fact that the Poisson can be utilized in the minimum cases in the event that the odds are in less alternative, at that point the Poisson conveyance will be utilized and afterward in this, the Poisson dispersion is having three choice then it will pick one of them. 

The Poisson dispersion gets the likelihood of event of an occasion is 0.180. The administration has a decision that can utilize the Poisson circulation for the best arrangement. The association is getting the solicitations in reverse for quality affirmation, which is under half is 0.180.  On the particular time, in the expansive populace of cells will get a transformation in this the likelihood with an individual cell (Chatfield,2018).

Task-9  

References

Leme, D.M., Oliveira, G.A.R.D., Meireles, G., Brito, L.B., Rodrigues, L.D.B. and Palma de Oliveira, D., 2015. Eco-and genotoxicological assessments of two reactive textile dyes. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 78(5), pp.287-300. 

Leech, N., Barrett, K. and Morgan, G.A., 2013. SPSS for intermediate statistics: Use and interpretation. Routledge. 

Gumbel, E.J., 2012. Statistics of extremes. Courier Corporation. 

Maklan, S., Antonetti, P. and Whitty, S., 2017. A better way to manage customer experience: Lessons from the royal bank of Scotland. California Management Review, 59(2), pp.92-115. 

Authority, F.C., 2015. FCA Fines RBS and NatWest for Failures in Mortgage Advice Process. London: FCA.[Online] Available at: https://fca. org. uk/news/fca-fines-rbs-and-natwest-for-failures-in-mortgage-advice-process. Accessed, 11. 

Karcz, J., 2014. New forms of employment in the logistics industry. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 9, pp.84-95.

Chatfield, C., 2018. Statistics for technology: a course in applied statistics. Routledge.

Hong, Y., 2013. On computing the distribution function for the Poisson binomial distribution. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 59, pp.41-51.

Berenguer, A., Goncalves, J., Hosio, S., Ferreira, D., Anagnostopoulos, T. and Kostakos, V., 2017. Are Smartphones Ubiquitous?: An in-depth survey of smartphone adoption by seniors. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 6(1), pp.104-110.

Rennhoff, A.D. and Routon, P.W., 2016. Can you hear me now? The rise of smartphones and their welfare effects. Telecommunications Policy, 40(1), pp.39-51.

Task-10

In the above assignment, the organization Eco-Fone cell phones sell cell phones and in the present year, the cell phones are at the highest point of the area. In this report had a correlation with the PCs, smart phones and tablets on that circumstance the cell phones is additionally on the best. In the article has given by Kelvin they state that in the UK open is utilizing the cell phones in 55-multi year old. For selling the items in the new market, for the accomplishment of objective the organization had done the review.

 

Assessment Task 1: Written questions 

Explain the four main taxation and superannuation obligations for a business. Briefly discuss each obligation. 

 

• Australian business number (ABN):- Examine gaining an ABN for their employment. An ABN manages with their expense and employment commitments, as well as utilized as a source of perspective by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) for their employment.

• Goods and Services Tax (GST) :- GST is a wide put together duty of 10% forced with respect to most merchandise, administrations and other they may need to enroll for GST. 
• Business Activity Statement (BAS):- They should hold up movement proclamations with the ATO to address and  allowance their tax. They can do this linked through the ATO Job Portal. (Kaye et. Al., 2014)
• Superannuation ensure commitments:- As a business, they can this one allowance arranged  least dimension of superannuation for every one of their qualified workers, or profit a charge to the ATO. (Farvacque et. At., 2014)

2. Answer the following questions relating to GST in Australia: 
3. a) When does a business/enterprise and non-profit organizations have to register for GST? 

They should enlist for GST when:- 

• In the event that they have recently proceeding another business and assume that it should attain the GST revolution limit or extra in the main span of activity. 
• In case they are as of now in employment and have achieved their limit – check every month to see whether they have achieved the end , or are apparently going to beat it. (Jurevičienė et. Al., 2012) 
• Under 21 days of their turnover beat the significant border.

• When do you need a tax invoice to claim a GST credit? 

• They can  request GST approvals if the following circumstances apply.
• They aim to use their asset solely or not completely for their employment and the asset does not recite to making profit-taxed materials. (Bhandari & Iyer 2013)
• They arranged or are responsible to provide amount for the product they buyed.
• They have a expense statement from their dealer (for assets more than A$82.50).

1. c) What eight details must be identifiable on a tax invoice for sales over $1,000? 

      The eight details are:- 

1. That the record should be a tax statement.
2. Identity of the retailer.
3. Australian Business Number of Retailer (ABN).
4. Duration of issuance of the statement. (Farvacque et. At., 2014)
5. A brief description of the products sold, including the amount and price (if applicable).
6. The GST quantity payable can be set out individually..
7. To what extent each invoice sale is a taxable sale (i.e. to what extent each sale contains GST) 
8. Identity of the consumer or ABN

1. d) What accounting method would a small business with an aggregated turnover of less than $2 million use to account their GST? 

The bookkeeping strategy utilized for GST when turnover is not exactly $ 2 million can either utilize a money technique or a non-money technique for bookkeeping. (Bhandari & Iyer 2013) In the money strategy for bookkeeping GST is paid when the money is really gotten or paid for the deals and buys made. 

3. 3. Outline what is defined as a ‘company’ by the Australian Tax Office. Include the taxation requirements for a company in your response. 

An Company is a legitimate substance with greater expenses to set up and oversee. While an organization offers some advantage insurance, its administrators might be legitimately at risk for their activities and, now and again, the organization’s obligations

Tax assessment Requirements:- 

• Must apply for a Tax File Number (TFN) and use it while presenting an Australian Business Number (ABN) Annual Tax Return whether it is enlisted under the 2001 Corporations Act. 
• A organization that isn’t enlisted under corporate law may enlist for an ABN on the off chance that it works in Australia, if its yearly GST turnover is $75,000 or more, it must be enrolled for GST. (Farvacque et. At., 2014)
• Paying their pay charge through installments as you go (PAYG).

• Answer the following questions relating to Pay-as-you-go (PAYG) in Australia: 

1. a) Explain the difference between PAYG withholding and PAYG Income Tax Installments. 

• PAYG Withholding is for the most part charge retained from workers’ compensation or result however it can likewise be retained from providers who have not given their Australian Business number (ABN) to them or from contractile organ with whom they have gone into willful assentions to retain sums from their installments to them. (Kaye et. Al., 2014) Though PAYG ITI are installments in sensor for individual or potentially organization salary income upgrade and are paid by concern proprietors, speculators and sub-declarer who procure a specific measure of pay. Paying PAYG ITI helps them to meet their pay charge commitments by enabling them to rearranging installments in movement quarterly as opposed to making one goon measure of cash installment at year’s last for example this helps with hard income. (Jurevičienė et. Al., 2012) 

1. b) If you make payments subject to withholding, what are the five things the Australian Tax Office requires a business owner to do?

• They must vault for PAYG retaining charge before them are first required to retain a sum from an installment. 

• If they stop to be a business they should drop their PAYG retaining modification. 

• Before they go into a bit of work assention or contract, they have to watch that the specialist is lawfully permitted to work in Australia. 

• PAYG retaining is diverse to finance charge. Finance charge is a State Department charge. 

• Preserve the right records.

1. Explain the principle of cash accounting. Include two advantages and two disadvantages of cash accounting in your response. 

Money strategy for record articulation is a kind of bookkeeping which centers around hard quick installment inflow and Cash surge. (Bhandari & Iyer 2013) Also, toward the day’s end, money bookkeeping framework encourages us disclosure out how much lucre money an occupation has earned amid a specific timeframe. 

Advantages 

• If they pick money bookkeeping, it’s the easiest on the grounds that you will just book managing that are identified with money. Other exchange won’t be taken into accommodation. (Stiglitz, 2015).
• Contrasted with that support of money bookkeeping is truly simple. They will record receipts when money is gotten from customer and they will record cost when money is paid to provider. 

Disadvantages 

• Few organizations pursue money bookkeeping, yet it’s anything but a perceived technique under Companies Act. (McCarthy et. Al., 2012)
• Since money bookkeeping just records money exchanges, the business can be associated with unjustifiable practices by camouflage the tax assessment or swelling the dispensing.

• Explain the principle of accrual accounting. Include two advantages and two disadvantages of cash accounting in your response.

 

Accumulation bookkeeping alludes to that framework wherein the exchanges are recorded in the books of records as and when they happen, independent of the money got or paid. (Gitman et. Al., 2015)

Advantages:

It is reasonable for organizations that don’t pay or get installments on a prompt premise i. e the ones that do credit deals and buys a great deal. 

It gives a genuine and reasonable picture of business exchanges. 

Disadvantages: 

This is thorough and mind boggling when contrasted with money bookkeeping. 

It is hard to keep up and requires effective bookkeeping staff. (Goodhart et. Al., 2013)

7. Describe the following terms: 
8. a) Financial accounting 
9. b) Management accounting 
10. c) Accounting standards 
11. d) Financial accounting system 

• Financial bookkeeping alludes to the procedure of accumulation and recording of money related data so as to take proper budgetary choices. 

• Management bookkeeping alludes to the way toward gathering, examining, deciphering and conveying monetary, non-money related and financial data to help the best administration in taking viable and auspicious choices. (Farvacque et. At., 2014)

• Accounting benchmarks allude to those rules and system of money related revealing which help a firm to record and present their monetary reports conveniently. These are created by the Australian Accounting Standards Board. 

• Financial bookkeeping framework alludes to the different division which monitors money related exchanges of an organization. (McCarthy et. Al., 2012) This records translate and investigate the budgetary exchanges conveniently and helps in the detailing of money related reports

8. What type of entity must have their financial report audited? 

The expansive associations that fall under Incorporated Associations Act and extensive foundations with a yearly turnover of more than $ 1 million should be reviewed compulsorily. (Kaye et. Al., 2014) Little exclusive firms, firms enlisted under speculations conspire and uncovering elements need not complete their review.

9. 9. Explain the purpose of an audit and auditor’s report.

The reason for yearly review and the review report is to give an autonomous supposition that whether the books of records and other fiscal summaries speak to a genuine and reasonable and straightforward position of a business or not.

10. Explain the concept of financial probity. In your response, outline the principles that underpin ethics and probity. 

Monetary honor for an organization can be characterized as proof of moral conduct that the organization has done and recorded its budgetary exchanges with complete trustworthiness and honesty. (Joshi et. Al., 2013). The standards of fidelity and morals are trustworthiness and respectability, straightforwardness, pertinence, moral conduct, great aim, and esteem creation.

11. Provide four examples of what would be considered fraudulent behavior in regard to company finances.

• Incorrect recording of budgetary exchanges.

• Missing costs or livelihoods to demonstrate expanded benefits. 

• The exclusion of money related data in fiscal summaries. (Goodhart et. Al., 2013). 

• Tempering of budget reports and not displaying a genuine and reasonable money related position.

12. Discuss the difference between Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and the International Accounting Standards and why there was a need for harmonization. 

GAAP is the proper accounting rules embraced by the associations to exhibit their budgetary position in a way which could be comprehended by the partners. (Goodhart et. Al., 2013).  It is a standard based framework. IFRS is International Financial Reporting Standards which are created to give a progressively formally dressed way to deal with every one of the organizations around the globe in the way their budget reports are arranged and displayed. 

Assessment Task 2: Planning project 

PART A: ANALYSE FINANCES AND PREPARE BUDGETS 

Introduction

In this report the benefit and misfortune proclamation, income explanation has been concentrated to locate the frail regions of the business. Likewise, the conceivable explanations behind these shortcomings are distinguished and recommendations are given. 

1. Conduct research in preparation for your financial performance report. 

As indicated by the exploration embraced of the benefit and misfortune articulation of both the years also the income explanations of both the years, the firm has not created a misfortune.. Likewise, the planned costs are not exactly the real misfortunes. (Joshi et. Al., 2013) Likewise, the product that is being utilized by the organization is additionally a standout amongst the best. Despite the fact that, it would require extra charges so as to get refreshed each year. 

2. Prepare a financial performance report for the Principal Consultants using the template provided by your assessor that includes an:

The reason for this report is to dissect the benefit and misfortune proclamation of the year 2017-2018. This embraces the explanations behind an exhibition of each area of benefit and misfortune articulation. The explanations behind misfortunes are additionally examined in this report. 

• The complete net gain/net benefit of the firm is $ 1,335,600 though the net benefit was $ 683,523 for the year 2017-2018. The explanation behind this net benefit is great income from counseling charges, workshops and productions and official pursuit administration. One of the critical explanations behind such a decent benefit sum is a broad advertising approach attempted by the firm and the great nature of workshops did every year. (Goodhart et. Al., 2013). 
• The financial conditions and business patterns both are agreeable to the administration consultancy firm. This is the explanation behind a decent measure of benefit in 2017-2018.
• As per the company’s marketable strategy, it intends to accomplish at any rate 10% of benefit every year which has been satisfied in the year 2017-2018. 
• As per the income explanation, The firm needs to attempt cost control and cost decrease. as the planned pay is not exactly genuine and the planned .

3. Develop budget forecasts for the next financial year 

Sales & Profit Budget 2018-2019
Particulars	Amount ($)
Revenue
Consulting Fees	1,293,170
E-Book Sales	10,000
Workshops	38,000
Publications	2,000
Conference Collection	75,000
Executive Search Service	132,000
Gross Profit/Net Sales	1,550,70
Less: Expenses
– Accounting Fees	7,164
– Advertising & Marketing	5,513
– Computer Software	4,830
– Insurance	7,875
– Lease/Loan Payment	1,575
– Motor Vehicle Expense	2,625
– Office Cleaning	5,775
– Office Supplies	2,205
– Rent & Rates	45,150
– Repairs & Maintenance	1,260
– Salaries/wages (including PAYG)	529,200
– Superannuation	63,000
– Telephone	3,570
– Utilities	2,520
– Travel and Accommodation(For Workshops)	25,200
– Contract writer (e-book)	10,500
– E-book	10,000
– Desktop publishing	3,000
–Marketing (e-book)	1,200
–Conference venue and catering	5,000
–Speaker fees and travel	10,000
–Marketing (conference only)	5,000
–Conference bags	1,000
–Conference casual project officer	30,000
Total Expenses	783,162
Net Profit (Before Tax)	767,008

 

4. Circulate report and budgets 

This financial plan is submitted to assessor with the goal that it very well may be examined in the gathering. 

PART B: MEET WITH MANAGEMENT TEAM 

 

• Prepare for your meeting. Conduct research and develop a report on key financial compliance requirements and liabilities for tax in preparation for your meeting. 

Introduction 

In this report, key money related necessities of consistence and expense liabilities are examined for the association. These key money related necessities and other assessment commitments incorporate PAYG retaining and PAYG portions, finance charge commitments and so on. This report is grown with the goal that it very well may be talked about in the gathering. (Joshi et. Al., 2013)

At the point when the GST turnover of the firm is not exactly $ 20 million then it is required to pay GST quarterly. To pay the GST a business needs to present a Business Activity Statement to the Australian Tax Office. Additionally, the firm needs to present a GST return. For PAYG retaining and PAYG portions, the business needs to submit Australian Business number and the firm should be enlisted under the Australian Tax Office and to be watched that the laborer is lawfully permitted to work in Australia.

For PAYG salary charge portions a Business Activity Statement should be stopped with ATO before hotel the pay assessment form. The business needs to enroll for finance tax collection and look at with Revenue officer to discover the duty rate and limit that applies to the organization. 

The representatives who are paid than $ 450 should be paid superannuation and this must be paid well beyond the wages. 

Conclusion

In this report, every one of the commitments that the firm needs to agree to are exhibited. The money related administration of the firm needs to follow the every one of these prerequisites of Australian Tax office with respect to superannuation, compensation, finance, PAYG portions and so on. 

1. Participate in the budget meeting. 

The sums dispensed for the gathering is $ 51000. This incorporates every one of the costs of the setting, packs and so forth. The net benefit for the monetary allowance is $ 767008. Every one of the livelihoods and costs have been considered for this (Kaye et. Al., 2014)

 

Assessment Task 3: Review project  Analyze financial information

 

Budgeted V/S Actual
Particulars	Budgeted	Actual	Variance	Favorable/Adverse
Revenue
Consulting Fees	1,293,170	1,410,720	117,550	Favorable
E-Book Sales	10,000	–	(10,000)	Adverse
Workshops	38,000	45,000	7,000	Favorable
Publications	2,000	15,000	13,000	Favorable
Conference Collection	75,000	–	(75,000)	Adverse
Executive Search Service	132,000	144,000	12,000	Favorable
Gross Profit/Net Sales	1,550,170	1,614,720
Less: Expenses
– Accounting Fees	7,165	7,165	–
– Advertising & Marketing	5,513	5,250	263	Favorable
– Computer Software	4,830	4,830	–
– Insurance	7,875	4,028	3,847	Favorable
– Lease/Loan Payment	1,575	1,575	–
– Motor Vehicle Expense	2,625	5,444	(2,819)	Adverse
– Office Cleaning	5,775	10,800	(5,025)	Adverse
– Office Supplies	2,207	2,207	–
– Rent & Rates	45,150	45,108	42	Favorable
– Repairs & Maintenance	1,260	1,260	–
– Salaries/wages (including PAYG)	529,200	529,200	–
– Superannuation	63,000	63,000	–
– Telephone	3,569	3,569	–
– Utilities	2,520	4,131	(1,611)	Adverse
– Travel and Accommodation(For Workshops)	25,200	5,654	19,546	Favorable
– Contract writer (e-book)	10,500	48,090	(37,590)	Adverse
– E-book	10,000	10,000	–
– Desktop publishing	3,000	3,000	–
–Marketing (e-book)	1,200	1,200	–
–Conference venue and catering	5,000	10,000	(5,000)	Adverse
–Speaker fees and travel	10,000	11,000	(1,000)	Adverse
–Marketing (conference only)	5,000	7,500	(2,500)	Adverse
–Conference bags	1,000	1,200	(200)	Adverse
–Conference casual project officer	30,000	30,000	–
Total Expenses	783,164	815,211
Net Profit (Before Tax)	767,007	799,509	–

Conference cost variance analysis:

Particulars	Budgeted	Actual	Variance	Favorable/Adverse
Revenue
Conference Collection	75,000	–	(75,000)	Adverse
Gross Profit/Net Sales	75,000	–
Less: Expenses
–Conference venue and catering	5,000	10,000	(5,000)	Adverse
–Speaker fees and travel	10,000	11,000	(1,000)	Adverse
–Marketing (conference only)	5,000	7,500	(2,500)	Adverse
–Conference bags	1,000	1,200	(200)	Adverse
–Conference casual project officer	30,000	30,000	–
Total Expenses	51,000	59,700
Net Profit (Before Tax)	24,000	(59,700)	–

 

Proposed Conference Fees
Particulars	Amount
Expenses
Conference venue and catering	11,000
Speaker fees and travel	12,100
Marketing (conference only)	8,250
Conference bags	1,320
Conference casual project officer	33,000
Total Expenses	65,670
Add: Mark Up Required	13,134
Total Collection for Conference Required	78,804
Number of Attendees	70
The cost charged per person	1,126

2. Based on your analysis of the profit and loss account, develop a short report to submit it to the Principal Consultant (your assessor) that includes your analysis as above. 

Introduction 

In this report, every one of the changes in real and planned execution are examined. An investigation of these changes is given in this report. 

• The changes are unfriendly for speaker charges, advertising, gathering pack, office cleaning, and supplies and so forth. This is because of expanded costs. The changes are certain for digital book deals, workshops, fixes and so on. (Jurevičienė et. Al., 2012) 

Conclusion

The positive changes for some, things are a decent sign for the organization yet a few costs have prompted negative differences which should be controlled.

  Assessment Task 4: Debtor management project 

 

• Report on debtor management 

 

Introduction

In this report, an investigation is completed by examining the indebted person’s matured report. The account holder’s arrangements and their pertinence for the business are to be investigated. The indebted person’s matured report demonstrates that the organization gathers assets from account holders in any event following 60 days of offer. None of the borrowers pay the organization inside 30 days. Because of this, the liquidity of the organization is enduring. The indebted person’s approach should be restored. Customer 1 pays the extraordinary obligations following 90 days though customer 2 pays following 120 days. This is certifiably not a decent sign as this prompts an absence of fast and fluid assets with the firm. This may likewise influence the working capital of the firm. The sum paid following 120 days is a generous measure of $ 2714, such an enormous time hole for the installment of this obligation can prompt low working capital with the firm. The recommendations that the firm should execute are: 

• Incentivize brief installments 
• Penalize delay in installment following 90 days 
• Set up clear credit strategies (Joshi et. Al., 2013) 
• Offer different methods of installment to borrowers 
• Outsource accumulation to a bookkeeping organization 

Conclusion

The report demonstrates that the installments made by the borrowers are not in the least brief. Truth be told, none of the account holders pay inside 30 days or under 30 days. The organization needs to resuscitate its indebted person’s approach as quickly as time permits. Likewise, the organization needs to actualize the five proposals given in the report. 2. (Jurevičienė et. Al., 2012) 

2. Submit your report to your CEO (assessor) seeking approval to implement best practice debtor management processes. 

Dear Sir, 

Subject: To look for endorsement for actualizing the recommendations of the answer to improve account holder’s administration of the organization. 

The above report is submitted to look for endorsement so as to actualize the account holder’s arrangement as recorded in the above report. The advantage of this recommendation is that it would improve the indebted person’s administration just as the borrower’s turnover. Brief money accumulation from indebted individuals would prompt an expansion in working capital just as the liquidity of the firm. This would prompt better credit approaches and improve the liquidity of the firm. 

Thanking You, 

Yours sincerely, 

General Manager.

References

Kaye, J. J., McCuistion, M., Gulotta, R., & Shamma, D. A. (2014, April). Money talks: tracking personal finances. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 521-530). ACM.

Farvacque-Vitkovic, C. D., & Kopanyi, M. (Eds.). (2014). Municipal finances: A handbook for local governments. The World Bank.

Jurevičienė, D., & Ivanova, O. (2012). Behavioral finances of financially savvy households: the types of investors. Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education’2012, 220-231.

Bhandari, S. B., & Iyer, R. (2013). Predicting business failure using cash flow statement based measures. Managerial Finance, 39(7), 667-676.

Stiglitz, J. E. (2015). Reconstructing macroeconomic theory to manage economic policy. In Fruitful Economics (pp. 20-56). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

Gitman, L. J., Juchau, R., & Flanagan, J. (2015). Principles of managerial finance. Pearson Higher Education AU.

McCarthy, D. P., Donald, P. F., Scharlemann, J. P., Buchanan, G. M., Balmford, A., Green, J. M., … & Leonard, D. L. (2012). Financial costs of meeting global biodiversity conservation targets: current spending and unmet needs. Science, 338(6109), 946-949.

Joshi, M., Cahill, D., Sidhu, J., & Kansal, M. (2013). Intellectual capital and financial performance: an evaluation of the Australian financial sector. Journal of intellectual capital, 14(2), 264-285.

Goodhart, C., Hartmann, P., Llewellyn, D. T., Rojas-Suarez, L., & Weisbrod, S. (2013). Financial regulation: Why, how and where now?. Routledge.

Executive Summary

In this report, we investigate EasyJet utilizing PESTEL to pick up a top to bottom comprehension of the large scale condition and the impacts it’s been having on EasyJet activities.An EasyJet pestle investigation uncovers various genuine dangers exuding from its industry condition in the UK and EU including Brexit, negative cash developments, rising work costs and numerous others which will be definite in the report. This report will also give a definite investigation of EasyJet’s present corporate evaluation or SWOT examination. This will distinguish its strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Next, we will utilize Porter’s Five Forces investigation of the business and the expanding risk of other minimal effort bearers. Be that as it may, nature can be a wellspring of chances once a firm such like EasyJet distinguishes key drivers of progress in the carrier business, which may move toward becoming wellsprings of a future upper hand. 

Introduction

The EasyJet is a British aeroplane transporter that endeavours on an ease show, established at London Luton aeroplane terminal. It is the largest aeroplane transporter in the UK by tourists figure transport.EasyJet is likewise Europe’s driving minimal effort aircraft having finished a merger manage to go to make Europe’s main ease carrier. Brand Awareness is another quality that is inferable from the organization. In November 1999, chose as a business super brand by the Super Brand Council, perceiving EasyJet as an exceptional brand name. The organization’s online booking office in October 1999 helped Internet deals to pass the one million imprints. This has to lead to EasyJet clients getting a charge out of ‘ Ticketless travel’ – this diminishes the expense of issuing, circulation, preparing and accommodating tickets. EasyJet additionally appreciates inside qualities in its tasks regarding proficient utilization of air terminals by decreasing reverses to 30 minutes and below. EasyJet can practice supplementary focal points on the big repetition courses. In 2016, it reverses in the balance of 73 million tourists, building it the second biggest aircraft transporter in Europe by tourists figure transport, behind Ryanair (Year-end Report 2016). Passengers flow in the year ended 2018 were 88,454,611. Most current earnings for the year finishing 30th September 2018 exists £5,898 million on employed profit of £592 million (2018) and net income of £358 million (2018) (Annual Report 2018).

Section 1

Question 1A commentary and analysis based on the wider ‘macro’ UK and European environmental setting which potentially impacts on the performance and strategic actions of Easy Jet. The requirement will be here for structure your commentary and analysis applying a PESTEL framework.

The PESTEL is an imperative system promoted by associations to evaluate the outer situations in which they work. Alteration in the full-scale situations can show open doors for evolution and market development however they can likewise be destructive for associations. Such changes can be political, monetary, social, innovative, natural or legitimate. This will indicate how it’s fundamentally critical for EasyJet that vital union, estimate and mechanical advancement have on its productivity.

1. Political variables: There are some of the political factors that could influence Easy jet that comprises menace of war in Middle-East. Through the increasing fuel cost, this could influence the business of Easy Jet. This menace of war causes a security problem for all tourists and also causes allowance cost to rise and the airline company altogether. Due to European Union East increases, the tourist’s quantity also increases which gives entry towards the practical new market. Although competing with the other competitors in the market, the policy of air miles is not taken to chargeable by the government as like as the industry vehicles are payable. Political balance and army attack risks also occur (Lange, et. al., 2015). The pricing rules and the compulsory employee benefits, product labelling and the level of dishonesty are also the main political factors.
2. Economic variables: These are some economic factors that influence rising in fuel prices costs. There is one main reason which influences these economic factors is the recession in the Easy jet. Due to a recession, fewer business tourists are travelling to downfall the quantity of sending amount. It takes up to last extend in the time. The globalization is also another factor influencing which build up the air traffic as lifelong. The appearance of a particular currency in Europe becomes much consolidated which brings more concern to Easy Jet.
3. Social variables: Nowadays, people travel mostly for holidays and business travels. One of the social factors that affect the working operations of Easy jet is that the company sells the tickets through the internet and cell phones but the tourists from the French and German are not able to buy these tickets because they did not use their credit cards by the internet or cell phones. Some of the peoples are able and not afraid to buy for cheaper flights which are the factor that provides to their operation (Hedmer, et. al., 2014).
4. Technological variables: The technological progress is the main technological factor that provides to Easy jet’s operation. They are implementing this into their self in the systems for making the ticket bookings more active and adequate. The company has to be advanced on the technological improvements as aircraft constructing and e-commerce related services so that the company can achieve a profit and competitive benefit. The use of the internet on allocation and collaboration form joined industries may help in neutralizing prices and costs for the technological environment which is changing rapidly in the Easy jet.
5. Environmental variables: If the company is entering in the new market, it will able to find the environmental factors which are used to work in the market like the climatic conditions, change in weather, legislation regulating the environment, supporting towards renewable energy, waste management techniques and the air and water pollution rules. 
6. Legal variables: While entering in the new marketing world the Easy jet company should aware of the legal factors like antitrust laws, copyrights of the patents done, protection of the data, safety and the health rules, injustice laws etc. If the company does not take actions about these factors than the secrets of the company can be stolen by its competition in the market (Tckhakaia, et. al., 2015).

Section 2

Question 2 A commentary and analysis of the microenvironment (i.e., industry) within which the company operates. The requirement here will be to structure your commentary and analysis through applying the Five Forces framework to assess the attractiveness of the industry to inform business strategy development.

An aggressive analysis of EasyJet will be depicted by the Porter’s Five Force Model, as this model is used for industry analysis. Porter’s model implies that risk-adapted ratio of return has to attempt and hold the same all over companies and management. Somehow studies have proved that advantage can be extended by various organizations with the industry structure, by which they are described (O’Connor, et. al., 2017). This model was established as a framework by Michael Porter which, engraving these companies by these five forces, although in order to attain and manage the aggressive advantage upon rivals. The EasyJet avails this model to figure out the problem and plan of the company in which they conduct.

There are these Porter’s Five Forces Models which are required for the analysis of the company business and profits:-

Bargaining Power of Suppliers:

The bargaining capability of suppliers declines below a balanced to a huge scale, as in view there are only two aeroplane suppliers the Boeing and Airbus. The exchange for aeroplanes is reserved by these two suppliers. If they decide to buy the new aircraft, they had to buy with that supplier only if they switch them to the other supplier as the thought of the bargaining; they have to pay much more as the cost of aircraft is very expensive at the other supplier. These costs are higher after switching from the supplier on account of the counselling pilots in the airlines and mechanics, ahead of rescheduling the overall supply chain for extra unit. Airports are another crucial set of suppliers, like some of the efforts to neglect high charges from huge airports, Anyhow, Easy Jetsdepend on bigger airports and main focal points to attempt and lessen their prices by flying at remote maximum times (Mills, 2017).

Bargaining Power of Buyers:

The bargaining capability of consumers/buyers declines over a medium to high scale along with the market, because as there are mostly airlines feasible for the consumers to select from and tourists will every time buy from that places where bargaining is easier. Theconsumers are the key source of gain for EasyJet so that the most passengers not decide to make the tickets booked for them and take off with EasyJet, it will be a great threat to the company because the consumers are buying the tickets from the competitors (Goodall & Ashworth, 2013). EasyJet established a website which is named as Right Now Service around every one of its European websites, which is used to make communication growth between the consumers and company. With this method of website making, the consumers are capable to ask the questions and give their feedbacks and solved their problems with the customer services applicable to it. Easy Jets lesser prices are the effective sword for the company so this helps in building up the consumers mind as they don’t want the other companies for travel. With the new pricing and booking schemes from the company as the customers who will buy tickets earlier, they have to pay the less amount of money for their bookings like as first come first serve criteria.

The threat of New Entrants/Barriers to Entry:

The threat of new up comings into the market is very short. The starting costs for coming in the new marketing world of the airlines is very higher which needs lots of money to invest and needs a large number of aircraft and the maintenance tools and facilities along with the promoting teams and operations (Uttley, 2014). If a new bearer taken decision to arrive in the market and take off on actual ways, a financial values conflict must be settled down urgently and would have an abundant bundle on benefits.

The threat of Substitute:

The threats of substitutes are medium to low in the airline industry. On account of below-cost airlines are indicated to be rapid travelling with low prices, so that any of the airline or the competitor will compete with their prices and the timings of the airlines which will become a great threat for Easy Jet (Klophaus, et. al., 2012). An illustration of a big exchange threat for EasyJet causes the train arrangement which is exactly linked, rapid and economical form of shipment that covers up whole of Europe, for example Euro star. One benefit of the railways is that passengers can enjoy the environment but railway travelling is very time absorbing.

Rivalry among competitors: moderate

The airlines performing in the market requires to contain low pricing methods adequate to be successful. As a result, the competition is examined as high to medium levels in the industry. Due to some performing in Europe and which proposal European broad flights, they are the explicit competition with one another (Lange, et. al., 2015). In spite of, there are a number of local airlines that challenges only in their self-market divisions. New concepts and increase in operations could comfortably be reproduced by competitors owing to the various airlines within the company. EasyJet is observing to be the biggest in the UK and the fifth largest between the European airlines as they are travelling many passengers, which give a fair warning of their powerful competitive ability in comparison to the rivals of the airline industries. Competition along with the industry is taken to be very huge as the consumers every time have the selected choice of the below cost procedures.

Section 3

Question 3 from the commentary developed in your situation analysis in 1 and 2 above, identify a series of a) potential scenario based on SWOT analysis and b) generic strategic recommendations for the company.

• SWOT Analysis

The SWOT analysis gives a fact of existence on Easy Jet’s internal and external problems and executions which are as follows:

Strength: Easy jet exceptional network in Europe. It becomes the second largest airline industry in Europe in which the tourists travelling are 73 million in numbers. It gains its position as number 1 brand in the United Kingdom. Although it also builds up the place number 1 and 2 in the Switzerland & France comparatively, where it knocked into prosperous markets and the people with an inclination to travel for both holidays and business purposes (Canelas & Ramos, 2016). The revenue growth will also be increasing rapidly. The use of finance will be analytical. The low-cost models assist the progress with strong balance sheets. Easy jet less price model is sanctioning to acquire market share as heritage carriers economize dominant ability or relocate it to less cost branch.

Weakness: The Easy jet has a slightest worldwide existing. The airline steadily focuses on the European precise drag market at an initial level in Western and Northern Europe and it does not take any benefit of central Europe or Asia (Florio, 2013). Due to Brexits, EasyJet visits defenceless opposite to EU guidelines that need carriers working with extensive intra-European plans to one or other be EU based or moved to face acceptable greater part EU-claimed so as to hold the advantage to fly among EU urban communities. EasyJet will now the UK placed at Luton aircraft terminal and it will offer 51%of  UK-possessed leave behind it weak opposite to these guidelines.

Opportunities: The opportunities which are on a boom at the Easy Jets are that the government authorized the 3rd runway at Heathrow which was the great chance for Easy jet as well as other airlines. The planned development will build new and cheap extra volume at Heathrow. It will diminish the cost of performing from the Heathrow runway. Although, the government approves their proposal of increasing capacity. They only supported the growth of Heathrow runway. They lessen the aircraft monetary costs. 

Threats: The Brexit unpredictability is poor for some airlines along with Easy jet exclusively if EU trade rules, these are restrained that for a long time advantage for Britain. Integral separation continues bearing exposures (Akbar, et. al., 2014). The unfavourable climatic conditions in the UK like thunderstorms, snowfall in winters are repeating simultaneously but not lessened. This may lead to the cancellation of tickets and delays of the flights of Easy Jet and the other airlines for the future master plan.

• Scenario Building of Easy jet

The future isn’t so far in of the reality that for the improvement of business method there are five social and political assurance. The disruption of the birth-rate in the build the world, changes in the circulation of optional cash flow and a redefinition of associated carrying out of task, worldwide offensiveness and the growing conflict among monetary and economic reality. Then he takes a glance at the authority essentialities & the aspects of data upset. The Easy jet must be aware of the competitor’s capacity for every ways or routes and the cost executed by that airlines will help in achieving best goals for the organization.

• Strategic Recommendations of the Easy jet airlines:-

• My First suggestion is expansion like purchasing railroad and so on provided that the aircraft business gets influenced by awful climate or ice and no plane is flying so at last it will influence all different efficient lease like Europe car, lodging, and travel protection.
• I would also and emphatically order to EasyJet that they should begin flights to Asia and Africa to stay away from possible troubles due to immersion in the aeronautics business 
• If the organization is experiencing trouble in UK on account of volcanic fiery remains then on the opposite side organization will profit as a result of flights rushing from Germany to Asia or Africa.

There are two types of strategies taken in account in the Easy jet such as differentiation strategy which is the strategy in which the industry has the particular rules and regulations or schemes which are not copied or transfer by other airlines. On the other hand, the cost leadership strategy which is the strategy in which prices will be lower and the winning prize strategies have taken into account for business growth by Porter. (Florio,2013)

The ‘System Clock’ build upon arrange by Cliff Bowman. It’s another appropriate approach to instruct the company disturbing place along with the additions of competitors. Likewise with Porter’s Generic Strategies, Bowman deal with upper hand in network to cost approved standpoint or disconnection advantage. The 8 middle  key alternatives are: 

1. Low  cost/low combined esteem – Likely to be share specific.
2. Low values –Liability of value conflict and low outlines /shall be a ‘cost head’. 
3. Half  brand– Low value base and reassert in low cost and distribution.
4. Centred partition– Recognizing a ‘specific part’ maintain an superb cost. 
5. Enlarged value/general – Higher boundaries if competitors don’t like danger of falling piece of the all organization
6. Enlarged cost/low aspects– just attainable in a controlling infrastructure assets. 
7. Low value/Basic cost –Debit of part of the global organization.

Summary & Conclusion

In this summary, the functional benefits of the Easy jets includes less  costs than its competitors and the emotional benefits is that the brand is enact to its target & wait to  achieve same accuracy. The fast and easy service due to its no frills experience the brand is on high position. The clear and efficient brand value recognizes for an innovation. 

Whereas in the above report we have concluded that the Easy jet is the British aircraft transporter in UK which is the biggest industry and the 5th largest industry among the European airlines. We have studied about the PESTEL Analysis such as the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal variables, the SWOT Analysis &the Porter’s Five Forces of the Easy jet company. Easy jet pursues the differentiation strategies and the cost leadership strategies and few other strategies which are discussed above thoroughly. Easy jet admits to place the workers before the consumers and gives the best customer care to customers. These potentials of Easy jet can’t replace by its huge competitor Ryanair and become different abilities. The industry recommended the cot for this path of travel and its marketing planning have been initially are on top around giving them competent services, below level cost flights with managing high quality of service available.

References

• Akbar, Y., Németh, A. and Niemeier, H.M., 2014. Here we go again… the Permanently Failing Organization: An application to the airline industry in Eastern Europe. Journal of Air Transport Management, 35, pp.1-11.
• Canelas, H. and Ramos, P., 2016. Consolidation in Europe’s Airline Industry. The Boston Consulting Group. Acedido a, 5.
• Florio, M., 2013. Network industries and social welfare: The experiment that reshuffled European utilities. OUP Oxford.
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Introduction

West Water benefits more than 1 million occupants and 40,000 organisations, over some of the quickest developing and most assorted rural areas in Australia. The organisation that you work for, Water West is a huge association in Melbourne of around 900 full-time equal staff. The staff populace is similarly isolated among female and male however the females hold positions that are generally held by females. Guys are additionally in generally male-commanded positions including the majority of the exchanges jobs, senior administration, bookkeeping, data innovation and building.In this assignment, we have investigated the research and policy development project and implementation of the diversity policy. The review of this diversity policy as making a recommendation for changes and improvements also described in this assessment. Further, we have discussed knowledge of implementing and monitoring diversity practices and the legal framework that applies to Australian workplaces and the major projects which we have done.

Assessment Task 1: Research and policy development project

Research Report

In this research report, we have discussed the diversity policy. In recent years, the investigation on diversity has jumped towards the inclusion. The inclusion in the world of diversity has generated its place in recent areas of exploration. This will helps in improving the firm’s performance and it is essential that the West Water organisation can no longer choose to ignore. The examination on the diversity policies, reviews, action plans are undertaken in the diversity of the West Water organisation. They pay our most profound regards to the customary overseers past, present and future(Young, 2016). They are effectively looking for articulations of enthusiasm from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander candidates to empower us to manufacture a solid ability database of different hopefuls. 

Diversity policy 

The West Water accomplishes to assure diversity & remove all forms of unfairness and handshakes all people are disrespect of nationality, choices of the way of living, trust, sexual adjustment, feminine character. They are deliberate about confirming that their manpower and their managers follow the diversity of the organisation they deliver. They are aligning individually opposite to the bull’s eye in the distance of that territory along with the gender equalized workforce and guidance team by 2019-20. They recognize then proceeded with social, social and otherworldly associations that Aboriginal individuals have with the grounds and waters, and perceive and esteem that the Traditional Owner gatherings have thought about and secured them for a great many ages. They are assured of giving a broad office place, with behaviour & actions being compiled by employee lead work team. By our re-agreement activity plan, they need to provide to a community that praise and take care of the continuous educational &devotional network of Aboriginal &Torres Strait Islander persons to the land and water transports.They need you to bring your ‘entire self’ to work, so they celebrate social occasions with our kin. The West Water consciously recognizes the Traditional Owners of the terrains and waters whereupon they work and work, the general population of the Kulin Nation.

Action plan

Key Result Area	Objectives	Actions	Responsibility	Timeframe	Measure of Success
Recruitment, selection and retention	place the right person in the right position at West Water within an suitable timeframe and budget.	provide a working applications that West Water  managers and hiring managers can use as a advisor to successfully recruit and retain staff .	Human Resources Coordinator, Human Resources Specialist, Hiring Manager, Board of Directors are responsible for recruitment & selection	1 month	Introductory Period Staff Evaluation outcomes,Staff Satisfaction Results, Turnover price
Work/life balance	Capability to meet the desires of the workforce of company	To improve recruitment performance and create a cultural environment	Maintain the quality, skills and perspectives of the workforce	2 month	Assess the performance of effectiveness among the policy
Education	open and its standards are comprehended and support by Managers and representatives	Improve learning experience of workers	helps in delivering services to improve continuously	1  month	Well being , new ways of learning & innovation

West Water built up a Reconciliation Action Plan as we are enthusiastic about supporting all networks inside the areas we serve. We are especially cognizant of the vital social furthermore, profound associations that Aboriginal individuals need to grounds and waters and we are focused on guaranteeing that this mindfulness is implanted overall dimensions of our association. They have created a Reconciliation Action Plan (RAP) so as to help control this responsibility further. A RAP will give an instrument for West Water to not just advance more noteworthy comprehension and acknowledgement of the social and social hugeness of water, yet to effectively encourage our significant connections and organisations with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Networks and Traditional Owners, and to give work and business open doors for nearby Native people groups and their networks. Further, the Victorian State Government’s Water for Victoria strategy requests that City West Water incorporate Aboriginal values and conventional environmental learning in water arranging (Moser, 2012). City West Water submits through this Compromise Action Plan to genuinely actualize Water for Victoria’s vision for Aboriginal commitment. Our Managing Director and Executive Leadership Group champion the duty to our Compromise Action Plan over the business furthermore, our Reconciliation Action Plan working gathering is spoken to by individuals from staff including: 

General Manager, Customers and Community General Manager, People and Capability Condition and Heritage Specialist, Interchanges Manager, Senior Environmental Specialist, Senior Environmental Officer, Legitimate Counsel, Contracts and Procurement, Solid Urban Habitat Operations Officer, Outer Aboriginal Representative, One individual from our RAP working gathering is a Native individual. 

Questionnaire 

1. Are you Male or Female?
2. Are you of Aboriginal or Torres StraitIslander origin?
3. In which country were you born?
4. Do you have an ongoing disability?
5. Please indicate the nature of your Disability?
6. Does your disability requireadjustments in the workplace byyour employer?
7. Please describe the adjustments your employer needs to make to your workplace and indicate which of these have been provided?
8. If you provided an above answerwould you like this information to be made available to appropriate staff soany adjustments can be put in placeand maintained?

Evidence of consultation

Based on our study of the reports and our knowledge as consultants, the core functions of consultation likely involve:

1. Progress training
2.  Problem resolving performance obstructions
3.  Case foothold
4.  Accountability
5. Expertise skill-building
6. Convenient treatment conversion
7.  Preparation for sustainability

Assessment Task 2: Implement the diversity policy project

Presentation

Diversity Steering Committee to support assorted variety also, incorporation and manage execution of activities.

Transparent detailing of advancement and targets, these will be created the organisation with our individuals. 

Annual Diversity and Inclusion statistics to get it how our workers mirror the network we serve and to guarantee our concentration and exercises are ideal serving the necessities of our various representatives. An ongoing audit of approaches and strategies are done to bolster the decent variety of our workforce (for instance, adaptable work practices and sex-adjusted waitlists). 

They have created a Reconciliation Action Plan (RAP) so as to help control this responsibility further.

This Diversity and Inclusion Strategy will be investigated for its continuous pertinence and its arrangement to the more extensive hierarchical and industry necessities on a yearly premise. A consequent procedure will be created in 2020.

Please describe the adjustments for employer needs to make to your workplace and indicate which of these have been provided.

Feedback report

It has been understood that the implementation of the diversity policies in an organisation is very beneficial and helpful. This will provide a clear growth and stable working environment for the workers. The understanding has also gained in regards to the diversity policy is that the Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin people will be able to get the opportunities as well as the equal chance to attain growth and success.

Intranet Article

West Water diversity Policies

West Water article on assorted variety in the working environment for The Multicultural Advantage gives a diagram of decent variety and quickly separates both the advantages and difficulties of decent variety(Percy, 2018). The article likewise prescribes ventures for accomplishing and keeping up a decent variety in the work environment and recommends answers for it.

Three key focuses we like from Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges and Solutions

• An organisation’s prosperity and intensity regularly rely on its capacity to grasp assorted variety and understand its advantages.
• Organisations must try to make the social assorted variety of quality. Social assorted variety presents difficulties when biases, contrasts in understandings, and miss-communication happen.
• Assorted variety drives benefit in light of the fact that a various workforce manufactures trust in your image with a different target advertise, decreasing turnover and truancy, and inciting development (Ng & Sears, 2012).
• The organisation must effectively survey their treatment of working environment assorted variety issues.
• Organisations must work to defeat perceptual, social, and language hindrances for their assorted variety projects to succeed.

Assessment Task 3: Review the diversity policy project

Brief

Clear up the Benefits: Emphasize to the workers how decent variety benefits the company, and how that ultimately benefits every representative. 

Make an Evaluation Form: As per Percy, 2018, A structure enables you to utilise similar assessment criteria for all competitors, which decreases the likelihood of interposing individual preferences.

Make Use of Current Staff: This makes a stream of various hopefuls, and can likewise decrease your enlisting costs.

Augment Your Recruiting Base: Use other enlisting channels to extend base, including web worksheets, which anybody with Internet access can see.

Updated policies

• Communicate transparently with partners, including clients and representatives, to guarantee this strategy is promptly open and incorporated into all Induction materials. 
• Establish targets and report consistently against these objectives to consider ourselves answerable. 
• Support adaptable working through the arrangement of toolboxes to all representatives and chiefs and guarantee industry best practice concerning individual adaptable work game plans (Riccucci, 2018). 
• Collaborate adequately to impact and make a comprehensive and impartial water industry.
• Review and refresh our frameworks, approaches and systems to guarantee we diminish and effectively oversee cognizant and oblivious inclination. 
• Ensure we source competitors from a wide scope of ability pools and maintain sexual orientation balance overallenrolment forms.

Assessment Task 4: Case studies

Case study 1: Valarie

Valarie is employed as a receptionist and has just recently converted to Judaism. Her new husband follows the Jewish faith and converting was something she felt was really important to her new relationship. Valarie has requested to leave work early on Friday afternoons to observe Sabbath. She has stated that she will ensure she will take responsibility to catch up with any missed work and time (Rowe, 2014). The company does not currently have flexible working arrangements. Valarie has been employed with her company full time for three years.

Question 1: What issues do you need to consider in response to this request?

The main issue is the racism which is adopted by her to maintain their religious cultures and responsibilities.

Question 2: What are the legal requirements?

The legal requirements are flexible arrangements of working are required and full time hired employment needed.

Question 3:What might the benefits be to the business of approving this request?

The benefits to the business of approving this request are flexible working adjustments and full-time employment for three years can be considered. 

Case study 2: Muhamad 

You have observed that Muhamad, a Muslim staff member, never shakes hands with female clients. You are concerned that this will impact on his relationships. You are considering asking him to shake the female client’s hands.

Question1: What issues do you need to consider in this case? 

The issues that are being consideredin this case are to asking him to shake the female client’s hand.

Question 2: What are the legal requirements?

The legal requirements are their equality rights among them. It is their personal choice to shake a hand or not with each other (Tsang, 2013).

Question 3: As Muhamad‘s manager, how should you deal with this issue? 

As a manager, I would like to do proper screening of the issue and then come to the results.

Case study 3: Delores 

A staff member, Delores, has approached you with a request not to have to deal with a particular customer because they feel that the customer is acting with racial hatred toward her. 

Question 1: Can Delores refuse to deal with a customer on these grounds?

No, he cannot refuse to deal with a customer on these grounds.

Question 2: What are the legal requirements? 

The legal requirements are that they know the laws of racial discriminations like race, caste, religion, nation, ethnic origin etc.

Question 3:As Delores‘s manager, how should you deal with this issue?

As a manager, I should take care of the issues and aware of these laws and legislation to take a side of my employee Tsang, E. W. (2014). So, he does not feel guilty in front of customers. 

Case study 4: Jackie 

At lunch, your colleague, Jackie, expresses concern to you. She has recently disclosed her sexuality to your team leader, Kelly, who she has always gotten along well with. Kelly was surprised and stated that she has a strong moral objection to lesbians and gay men. Kelly also expressed her feelings that it was not acceptable and requested that Jackie not speak of her sexuality again. Jackie feels as though Kelly has excluded her from general office conversations and work discussions since and doesn’t know what to do.

Question 1: Was Kelly’s response acceptable? 

No, Kelly’s response was not acceptable.

Question 2: What are the legal requirements?

The legal requirements are granting autonomy, the privacy of individuals to make decisions about sexuality and protections relating to equality and non- discrimination.

Question 3: As a Manager, how should you deal with this issue?

As a manager, I should deal with the issue by understanding the varied operation laws in relation to sexuality and then after dealing with the outcomes. I should keep aware of the people with these laws and regulations (Rowe, 2014).

Conclusion

In this assessment report, we have concluded the various tasks and perform an action of their requirements. The organisation taken is The Water West is a large organisation in Melbourne of approximately 900 full-time equivalent staff. The Water West has included four diversity key result areas in its strategic plan for the next three years. These are the Leadership, Recruitment, selection and retention, Work life balance Education.  In task 1, we have done a research and policy development project of diversity. In task 2, we have implemented the diversity policies of the Water West organisation. In task 3, we have examined and reviewed the policies of diversity. In task 4, we have examined the case studies and answered their questions.

References

• Moser, C. O., 2012. Gender planning and development: Theory, practice and training. Routledge.
• Ng, E. S., & Sears, G. J., 2012. CEO leadership styles and the implementation of organisational diversity practices: Moderating effects of social values and age. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 41-52.
• Percy, S. L., 2018. Disability, civil rights, and public policy: The politics of implementation. University of Alabama Press.
• Riccucci, N., 2018. Managing Diversity In Public Sector Workforces: Essentials Of Public Policy And Administration Series. Routledge.
• Rowe, F., 2014. What literature review is not: diversity, boundaries and recommendations.
• Tsang, E. W., 2013. Case study methodology: Causal explanation, contextualization, and theorizing. Journal of international management, 19(2), 195-202.
• Tsang, E. W., 2014. Generalizing from research findings: The merits of case studies. International Journal of Management Reviews, 16(4), 369-383.
• Young, C., 2016. Ethnic diversity and public policy: A comparative inquiry. Springer.