Task1–InspectionofCivilStructure– Level1Inspection
InstructionstoLearners:
- Thissummativeassessmentcanbecompletedinclass or atany other convenientlocation.
- Students are required to complete this task using digital tools and ensure to submit inanacceptableformat,e.g. .docx,.pdf,.pptx,orasadvised byyourassessor.
- Pleaseusethefollowingformattingguidelinestocompletethisassessmenttask:
- Font Size:12;Line Spacing:Double;FontStyle:TimesNew Roman
- Assessment activities can be completed either in real workplace environment or in asimulatedenvironmentsuchasyourclassroom.Inbothcases,appropriateevidenceoftheassessmentactivitiesmustbeprovided.
InstructiontoAssessors:
- Youmustassessstudent’sassessmentaccordingtotheprovidedMarkingCriteria.
- Youmustcompleteandrecordanyevidencerelatedtoassessmentactivitiesincludingrole-plays and presentations using appropriate forms which must be attached withstudentassessmentsubmission.
- Youmust provide students withdetailedfeedback within10workingdays fromsubmission.
SkillsAssessment(PracticalTasks)
This assessment task requires you to inspect a civil structure as nominated by your Assessor.ThisAssessmenttaskrequiresthecompletionofaLevel1inspectioninaccordancewithlocalstatelegislationand regulations as peryourstate. Thetaskrequiresyouto:
- interpretingprojectcontractspecificationrequirements
- applyingprocedurestoproblemsolve
- makingdecisionsforactivity
- carrying outcontinuousimprovementinmeetingtaskoutcomes
and these will be relevant to the structure being assessed. Queensland inspection forms areincluded following for you to record your inspection.Note: Where specific state forms arerelevant and available, the attached forms may be substituted with the mandatory stateforms.The Queensland versions of the forms are downloadable as editable versions fromhttps://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/business-industry/Technical-standards-
publications/Structures-Inspection-Manual/Appendix-A.
For the purposes of the assessment, civil structures that you are required to inspect willincludeoneormoreofthefollowing:
- civilconcretestructures,including:
- bridges,includingtheir:
- foundations
- abutments
- piers
- beams
- decks
- pre-castandin-situelements
- normallyreinforcedandpre-stressedelements
- retainingwalls
- waterstoragetanksandsmalldams
- noisebarriers
- culverts
- safetybarriers
- bridges,includingtheir:
- civilsteelstructures,including:
- bridges
- signgantries
- verticalsignsupports
- noisebarriersupports
- guardrails
- civiltimberstructures,including:
- bridges,jettiesandwharves
- retainingwalls
- noisebarriers
- civilmasonry,cribandgabionstructures,including:
- masonrywalls
- cribwalls
- gabionwalls
- foundationsforthesewalls
AsidefromtheBridgeandCulvertinspectionforms,youmustalsocompletetheInspectionRecord Form.
InspectionActivityRecord
| SiteName | Sydney Harbour Bridge |
| SideLocation | Port Jackson, Sydney (Australia) |
| InspectionDate | 20-07-2022 |
| InspectionType | Pre-Production inspection |
| PurposeofInspection | 1) Inspection purpose is to check the physical condition of the bridge |
| 2) Inspect maintenance | |
| 3) The bridge design is safe | |
| 4) Find potential and the actual source | |
| 5) Inspect that sufficient labor is there or not | |
| RequiredEquipment | 1) Note pad for writing required information |
| 2) Equipment to check the quality | |
| 3) Project report related to bridge | |
| 4) Documents that contain the information of materials and their proportions | |
| 5) Schedule of labor that is working on the project |
| Toolboxmeetingdatetimeandagenda | Toolbox meeting date – 22-07-2022 |
| Toolbox meeting time – 11:00 am on Monday
|
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| Toolbox meeting agenda- The meeting agenda is discussing the mapping cracks, potholes, and spalling on the bridge and the bridge dacks. | |
| ObservedsiteHazardsandControls | The site hazards of the bridge site are: |
| 1) Solvent exposures | |
| 2) Metal Fumes | |
| 3) Ergonomic hazards | |
| 4) Nuisance Dust | |
| 5) Carbon Monoxide | |
| Site PreparationMethods | 1) Composed cantilever Method of bridge construction |
| 2) Cast-in-situ method | |
| 3) Incremental launching method | |
| 4) Precast Method |
| TrafficControl | For traffic control, while bridge construction is processed then use this |
| Methods.(Safiullin, et al., 2020) | |
| 1) Make blockades to block streets | |
| 2) Implement the stop sign on the bridge site | |
| 3) Elevated Pavement Markers | |
| 4) make speed Bumps | |
| 5) Turn prohibitions (Safiullin, et al., 2020) | |
| InspectionMethods | 1) Coring method |
| 2) Chipping Method | |
| 3) Acoustical technique of inspection | |
| 4) Meg-hectic inspection(Zhong, et al.,2018)
|
|
| 5) Half-cell potential test | |
| 6) Thermal imaging inspection method |
| Defect MarkingProcedures | 1) Process of bridge making |
| 2) Creep defect | |
| 3) Shrinkage defect | |
| 4) Corrosion defects | |
| 5) alkali-silica reactions | |
| JobPlan,including:
q human resourcerequirements q plant andmachineryrequirements q constructionmaterialsrequirements q sub-contractorsupportrequirements q waste disposalrequirements q coordinationrequirements q activityscheduling |
Human resource requirements:
1) Employee performance 2) Employee training 5) organization development (Smirnova, et al., 2019) |
| Plant and machinery requirements:
1) Backhoes 2) Vertical masts and hydro platforms 5) Cranes |
|
| construction materialrequirement:
1) Reinforced concrete 5) Sand 6) Coarse Aggregate |
|
| Sub-contractorsupportrequirements:
1) carpenters 2) Equipment supplier 3) Masonry workers
|
|
| Waste disposal requirement:
1) Recycling 2) Composting waste 3) Landfills 4) Demolition of waste |
|
| Coordination requirements
1) Coordination requirement Sound organizational structure 2) Formation of Committees 3) Voluntary cooperation |
|
| Activity Scheduling:
1) Marking schedule 2) Roof laying time and date 4) Flooring and finishing schedules 5) Brick Masonry |
| q materials deliveryscheduling
q riskassessmentandmanagementrequirements q workhealthandsafety (WHS)requirements q quality managementrequirements,including testingschedulingrequirements q trafficmanagementrequirements q environmentalrequirements q task monitoringrequirements q task performancemonitoringrequirements q communicationrequirements q reportingrequirements |
Materials delivery requirement is applicable before starting the bridge construction, collect all required materials. |
| risk assessment and management requirement:
1) Find risk 3) develop a risk evaluation 4) Communicate about the risk 5) Established risk 6) Arrange risks |
|
| Work health requirements:
1) Fire Blanketing 2) Eye and face protection 4) Hand protection from the harmful machine and sharp objects 5) Head protections 6) Safe vehicles |
|
| Quality management requirement:
1) Check the material quality 2) Check the equipment quality from which the bridge is made 3) check the quality by multi meter |
|
| 1) Make blockades to block streets
2) Implement the stop sign on the bridge site 3) Elevated Pavement Markers 4) make speed Bumps 5) Turn prohibitions |
|
| Environmental requirements:
1) Use of water 2) Construction does not affect the environment 3) Target quality |
|
| Task monitoring requirements
1) Project surveys 2) Group discussion 3) Group mapping 4) Observation method 5) Project record |
|
| Task performance requirements
1) Project surveys 2) Group discussion 3) Group mapping 4) Observation method 5) Project record
|
|
| Communication requirements
1) Use technology 2) Avoid Jargon 3) encourage communication skill |
|
| reporting requirement for construction
1) Timeline of the project completed 2) Communication plan 4) Open action items 5) Project stakeholder |
|
| RequiredOutcomes | q civilstructuresreportrequirements
q inspectioncostrequirements q identificationofconcretestructuresandelementsproblems,suchas: q cracks q delamination q displacement q waterwhereitshouldnotbe q ruststainsand q limeleaching q identificationofsteelstructuresandelementsproblems,suchas: q deflection q corrosion q cracking q damagedprotectivecoating q missing,damagedorloosefastenings q Identificationoftimberstructuresandelementsproblems,suchas: q deflection q cracking q rotting q lamination q moisture q pestattack q missing,damagedorloosefastenings |
| q identificationofmasonry,criborgabionstructuresandelementsproblems,suchas:
q settling q cracking q missingmortar q efflorescence q weepholecondition |
|
| Summary of
Observations andRecommendations |
For Bridge inspection Observation included some objects:
risk assessment and management requirement: 1) Find risk 3) develop a risk evaluation 4) Communicate about the risk 5) Established risk 6) Arrange risks This report is for bridge inspection in the bridge inspection process we are developing plans for achieving the project, prior design of the project, and the predetermined cost for the project. (Hou, et al., 2022) The Sydney harbor bridge is a very famous bridge or steel-arch bridge in Australia, the span of this bridge is 500 meters. It has four railroad tracks, it has also two walkways, and a highway, this highway is an intrinsic part of Sydney. One drawback is exhausted air in the tunnel. The total cost spend is 10 million pounds. recommendations for bridge: 1) Abutment plan 2) Safety 3) Site conditions 4) Trail width 5) Geotechnical analysis |
1) Observation for Future references:
The communal issues which are the reason for the bridge failure are:
1) Supervision and construction mistakes
2) Designs deficiency
3) Mistakes in maintenance or in inspection
4) Accident overload and impact
5) Scour
Diagram of bridge issues:
For future observation follows the risk assessment process and the issue tracking system to track the issues so that we don’t do the same mistakes in the future related to the same area.
This is the harbor bridge its construction started in 1924 and this bridge is made with Steel arch The Sydney Harbor Bridge is a very famous bridge or steel-arch Bridge in Australia, the span of this bridge is 500 meters. (Mirza, et al., 2020)It has four railroad tracks, it has also two walkways, and a highway, this highway is an intrinsic part of Sydney. The Sydney harbor bridge is a very famous bridge or steel-arch Bridge in Australia, the span of this bridge is 500 meters. The designer of this bridge is Dorman long. (Mirza, et al., 2020) The total length is 1,149 m.
One drawback is exhausted air in the tunnel.
The total cost spend is 10 million pounds. This bridge plan is created by John Bradfield an Australian civil engineer. The air exhaustion drawback arisen so the observation said that give space or construct a place for air exhaustion and develop the essential tools for the workers safety.
This chart describes how much death happens during the bridge construction, so it is the duty of the owner or the project manager, or the construction manager that they provide safety for the workers. This chart defines the 40% death rate.
Recommendation Maintenance:
For maintenance of bridge construction or inspection process then it includes :(Shim, et al., 2019)
1) Sealing deck joints maintenance
2) Check the drainage system
3) Sealing cracks
4) Check that the trashes are removed or not, debris is removed or not
5) Painting exposed elements
6) Defensive against scour (Shim, et al., 2019)
Recommendation detailed inspection:
The area which must be inspected:
1) Bearing inspection
2) Inspection of the waterway system
3) Foundation inspection needs to be inspected properly
4) Substructure such as Impact damages, honeycomb, concrete
5) Wearing coat should be inspected
6) Concrete Crash Barrier
Inspection is necessary because it gives us assurance that the bridge is exactly the same as designed and it is safe for the people, and also gives assurance that the bridge has the potential to fight natural phenomena like an earthquake. (Hou, et al., 2022)
The inspection is also helpful in enhancing the older bridge life. Its objective is to fulfil the project manager’s satisfaction. Inspection is intended at quantifying and identifying deterioration that might be produced by applied factors and loads like wind load live load, dead load and chemical or physical implications utilized by the surroundings and environment. Separately from accurate inspection of bridge impairment mainly caused by erratic natural miracles or accidents by vessels or vehicles, inspection is also required for following up or identifying the impact of any built-in inadequacies. The inspection could also assist in increasing the life of many older bridges.
There are some purposes for inspection of bridges and these are given below:
- For knowing whether the particular bridge is safe by structure or not, and for deciding the progression of specific action for making it very safe.
- For identifying potential and actual sources of damage or concern at the initial probable stage.
- For recording periodically and systematically the state of the particular structure.
- For restricting speed on the specific bridge if the situation or condition warrants the similar until the rehabilitation or repair of the bridge is implemented.
- For reporting and determining whether great reintegration of the bridge is important for coping with the natural surroundings and the heavy traffic passing mainly over the bridge.
- For providing constructive feedback of particular information to all engineers of construction and designers on those characteristics which mainly give problems of maintenance.
References
Hou, S., Jiao, D., Dong, B., Wang, H., & Wu, G. (2022). Underwater inspection of bridge substructures using sonar and deep convolutional network. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 52, 101545.
Mirza, O., Hosseini, M., & Fountain, M. (2020). Numerical investigation of derailment loading on composite fibre transoms for implementation in the Sydney Harbour Bridge. In CIGOS 2019, Innovation for Sustainable Infrastructure (pp. 167-172). Springer, Singapore.
Mirza, O., Hosseini, M., & Fountain, M. (2020). Numerical investigation of derailment loading on composite fibre transoms for implementation in the Sydney Harbour Bridge. In CIGOS 2019, Innovation for Sustainable Infrastructure (pp. 167-172). Springer, Singapore.
Safiullin, R., Fedotov, V., & Marusin, A. (2020). Method to evaluate performance of measurement equipment in automated vehicle traffic control systems. Transportation Research Procedia, 50, 20-27.
Shim, C. S., Dang, N. S., Lon, S., & Jeon, C. H. (2019). Development of a bridge maintenance system for prestressed concrete bridges using 3D digital twin model. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 15(10), 1319-1332.
Zhong, J., Liu, Z., Han, Z., Han, Y., & Zhang, W. (2018). A CNN-based defect inspection method for catenary split pins in high-speed railway. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 68(8), 2849-2860.