Learner instructions 1

Part A: Toolbox talks procedure

Hazard

Chemical hazards 

Consultation with the group

Supervisor: good morning, all

Staff members: good morning, sir…

Supervisor: as you all were informed yesterday about this short consultation meeting identifying the hazard, so let’s start

Staff members: yes sir.

Supervisor: first of all, let me know from you all that what is hazard and why is it necessary to identify it 

Staff members: sir hazard can be any source which has an ability to harm us in any possible way.

Supervisor: yes, correct or you can say that any situation, object or thing which may have a potential to damage or harm is hazard. let me tell you identification of hazard is important to reduce the vulnerability. all you must check the labels of the container product and SDS that are provided by the suppliers.

Research regarding hazard

Consultation is the basic necessary requirement to identify the hazard, assess it risks and taking proper precautions to minimize the loses. For that it is important to form a health and safety committees, elect few members as a health and safety representatives, regularly conduct ‘tool box’ meetings and staff meetings. In the process of consultation, it is important to have a two-way communication so that the policies and procedures have an effective mechanism which is aligned for a particular organization (Benfenati, et al., 2020).

Relevant legislations and organizational policies

Basically, the research conducted by our team it concludes the following points:

Identify, access and control hazards

Safety and protection of employees 

Reduce compliance costs for business (Awosan, et al., 2017).

Improve safety outcomes

Personal protective equipment’s to be used.

5C’s: culture, competence, communication, contractors, controls.

The Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004

The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007

Presentation on identified hazard

Part B: Training procedure

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) 

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is detailed information which describes the measures that are taken in order to handle a hazardous chemical safely. These should be followed in the same manner to function properly. it remains in line and in conformance with the industry rules and regulations and business standard. They help in reducing mistakes, improves work efficiencies and margin of profits, also having a protected work premises and general instructions to handle the sudden issues.

Objective indicators of successful performance for the procedure includes Reported incidents, lost time injury frequency rate, equipment breakdowns, corrective actions, average employee overtime hours, health and safety prevention costs, average resolution time, total recordable injury frequency rate (Chandra, et al., 2019).

Organizational procedures

Implementation of induction program (no smoking zones, restricted areas, emergency evacuations)

Limited access to stored chemicals (proper supervision over workers, visitors, strong barriers for storage of chemicals)

Cleaning and hygiene precautions (not keeping acid containers, paint tins, cleaning equipment’s in open space)

Proper inspection (it is necessary to follow all above guidelines, supervision is necessary over workers, staff members, contractors etc to ensure chemical safety)

Dedicated areas for specific routine work (toxic and poisonous chemicals can be inhaled or may settle on the food, cigarettes of staffs which makes them harmful for their health)

Use of personal protective equipment (Hathaway, et al., 2014)

These organizational policies and procedures, processes and systems for WHS are created to maintain safety standards that a workplace need to obey as to conform with Work health and safety act instructions. These policies and procedures help to ensure full protection of workplace and that are in compliance with the legislative requirements for the safety of employees. These details have a restriction on drugs and alcohols in the workplace and strict penalty is taken if anyone found to consuming these at workplace (World Health Organization, 2020).

Appendix 1: Skills matrix

Standard Operating Procedure	Employee
	Employee 1	Employee 2	Employee 3	Employee 4
Hazard Identification
Hazard Control
Emergencies, Spill Procedures, and Exposures/Unintended Contact
4.Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Legend:

	Untrained	Employee has no training
	Learner	Employee cannot perform task independently
	Practitioner	Employee can perform task independently with supervision
	Operator	Employee can perform task independently

Appendix 2: Training plan

Topic: safe completion of training session and key steps of the delivery and consultation with work group.
What performance issue does this training session need to address? This training session is addressing the issue safe completion of training session and key steps of the delivery and consultation with work group.
Key point	Bullet points (what will I say)	Resources (handouts/physical demonstration/slides)	Understanding (how will you check for understanding – questions/observation/discussion)
Safety Data Sheets (SDS)	It will contain: Chemical name and identification number Pictograms and signal word for hazard identification personal protective equipment disposal requirements	https://ehs.research.uiowa.edu/chemical/safety-data-sheets-sdss	OSHA’S Hazard Communication standard and lab safety standards both need these SDSs be available during working time with employees.
NFPA Diamond	National fire protection association: helps to find if any particular tool, procedure is required for the safety. It has four divisions color code namely: red for flammability, blue for level of health hazard, yellow for chemical reactivity and white special hazards.	https://www.nfpa.org/assets/files/aboutthecodes/704/704_faqs.pdf	It provides information about the hazards that occur during emergency response. It is generally used outside building, on doors, walls, visible to emergency responders during any chemical hazards.
Minimizing Hazard	Spot the potential Hazard Assess the Hazard Fight with the Problem Examine the results	https://worksafe.tas.gov.au/topics/Health-and-Safety/managing-safety/getting-your-safety-systems-right/4-steps-to-manage-hazards-and-risk	To protect yourself from the hazard , find the hazard, use check list, fix the problem by using hierarchy of controls procedure.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)	Lab coats, gloves, glasses, goggles and shield, respirator, eye wash station.	https://www.uab.edu/ehs/images/docs/chem/CS101-course-material.pdf	It is the last line of defense against any chemical exposure. It is mandatory to use and it can never be replaced by engineering controls and preventions.

Costs reporting

The total cost of the training session and other safe completion of training session and key steps of the delivery and consultation with work group is $1000.

E-mail to group members

From: xyz@gmail.com

To: abc@gmail.com

Subject: the procedure and skills matrix

This is to inform you that following steps are undertaken in the procedure and skill matrix:

Implementation of induction program (no smoking zones, restricted areas, emergency evacuations)

Limited access to stored chemicals (proper supervision over workers, visitors, strong barriers for storage of chemicals)

Cleaning and hygiene precautions (not keeping acid containers, paint tins, cleaning equipment’s in open space)

Proper inspection (it is necessary to follow all above guidelines, supervision is necessary over workers, staff members, contractors etc to ensure chemical safety)

Dedicated areas for specific routine work (toxic and poisonous chemicals can be inhaled or may settle on the food, cigarettes of staffs which makes them harmful for their health)

Use of personal protective equipment

Thank you

Supervisor 

Appendix 3: GROW model template

G	Goal	First and foremost, it is necessary to improve the behavior for that goal which you want to achieve. It should be a SMART goal which means it should be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time-bounded.
R	Reality	It’s obvious to know the reality of the current situation and for that reason our team should know the reality and try to solve a problem without admitting to that goal or starting their journey for their goal. Also, they must question the how they are going to attain it and what would be its consequences.
O	Options	After gone through the reality check now its time to know how to achieve and explore all the possible options we have as a team. Find as many options as we can and then finalize one which best suits our ability.
W	Will	Now after exploring the options, we will have a best option to go through but its not enough. The final and most important step is to commit our all actions and mindset to the goal, this will improve dedication and make our efforts fruitful (Hilali, et al., 2020).

Learner instructions 2

Appendix 5: Incident report

Incident report

Note: All sections of this form are to be completed. All incidents shall be advised within 12 hours of the incident to ensure appropriate action is initiated.

Personal details
Family name: –		First name: Rosie
Contact Phone No:	(w) 3848592572	(h – if injured)
Occupation: senior administrator		Gender:  ◻ M ◻ F
Staff employment status: ◻ Full-time ◻ Part-time ◻ Casual ◻ Contractor ◻ Visitor
Division/Department:  administrative department

Incident details
Date of incident:	Time of incident: 11 am	AM / PM
Location where incident occurred:  workplace
Briefly describe what happened: As the organization enhances its operations, there is rapid growth in the business organization. Large business operations lead to the installation of new computer systems in the workplace. Due to many systems in the workplace, there is mismanagement seen is in the organization. The power extensions, wires, computer chargers, and cables are lying here and there in the office. Due to this, a senior administrator of the organization met with an accident. Rosie trip on the computer cable and falls own. Her wrist banged on the floor and she get injured. After this incident, the co-workers provides her a bandage and ice bag for primary treatment, and suggest her go to the doctor for check-up
This incident resulted in: ◻ Injury ◻ No injury ◻ Near miss ◻ Property damage ◻ Hazard identified
The incident was reported to (Supervisor): Team Leader Name of Supervisor:       Harry Date: ___25-08-2022______
Injury/damage details
If an injury was sustained, what part of the body was affected or if damage to property occurred what was damaged? Due to the mismanagement of the computer accessories, wrist of Rosie (senior administrator) is affected and damaged. There is no damage of property in the above scenario. The employee of the organization gets injured and her wrist get badly affected.

Medical treatment
If MEDICAL EXPENSES or LOST TIME is incurred, a ‘Workers Compensation Claim form’ must be completed and forwarded to WHSW & IM Services ‘as soon as possible’.
Do you intend to seek medical treatment?		◻ Yes	◻ No
Do you intend to lodge a claim for workers compensation?		◻ Yes	◻ No
Has any time been lost from work? (More than 1 complete shift)		◻ Yes	◻ No
If so, have you returned to work?		◻ Yes	◻ No
Have/will medical expenses been incurred?		◻ Yes	◻ No
		◻ Uncertain at this time
Were there witnesses? If so, name of witness(es):JackMarrie Lilly Chang	Contact phone number: 773687494 436458599 585902740 6475859494
Employee signature: Rosie	Date:  25-08-2022

If a medical certificate has been provided please send to: Fax xxxx xxxx or email: xxx@xxx.xx.xx

Describe in detail what occured
It is the responsibility of the supervisor/line manager to complete this section in consultation with the injured staff member.
Please describe the events and contributing factors that led to the incident: Mis-management of computer accessories- there is no proper management in the workplace Lack of proper place for the system- there is no proper place for the computer systems so the computer accessories are lying on the floor. Irresponsible and careless behavior of employees- employees are also irresponsible, they are responsible for the laying of cables on the floor Poor infrastructure- no proper place for the system shows the poor infrastructure. In the organization, there is the poor infrastructure which does not have proper place for employees to sit and the table set up for the personal computers.  Lack of precautions- company fails to take precautions for the incidents happened in the workplace No workplace inspections are carried out- no inspections was carried out to avoid the accidents. Lack of inspection leads to accidents and injuries in the workplace. Inspection register is not maintained- in the workplace, the inspection register is not maintained, from which the hazards can be identified (Loeppke, et al., 2015).
How could this be prevented from happening again?
The Supervisor/Line Manager is to complete this section in consultation with the injured staff member and the Health & Safety Representative (if applicable)
Suggestions to avoid recurrence of this incident/accident: To avoid the workplace accidents and incidents the organizations should follow following points- Fix suitable place for the computer systems Provide proper infrastructure Place extra computer tables and chairs Provide extra cabins to the employees so that there can be no mess-up of the things Provide extra electricity boards and switches  Conduct incident inspections time to time to avoid the workplace hazards (Asumeng, et al., 2015).
Name of health and safety representative, if consulted:  Mr. Peter
Action plan
Note: From the previous section, list the actions required to prevent this happening again.
Action to prevent recurrence (Do not leave blank)	Person responsible for action		Action taken	Sign-off completed (signature required)
Fix suitable place for the computer systems	Team leader		provide proper infrastructure
Provide proper infrastructure	Team leader		provide proper infrastructure
Place extra computer tables and chairs	Team leader		Provide new chairs and tables
Provide extra cabins to the employees so that there can be no mess-up of the things	Manger		Provide new cabins for the employees to avoid burden
Conduct incident inspections time to time to avoid the workplace hazards	health and safety representative		Hire safety representative
◻ Referred to Line Manager ◻ Placed issue on local action plan ◻ Consulted employees ◻ Advised Senior Manager ◻ Advised WHSW Services ◻ CSR raised, referred to FMU ◻ Feedback provided to affected person on outcome
Is rehabilitation required? ◻ Yes ◻ No		◻ Rehabilitation consultant advised  Date: 25-08-2022
Name of Supervisor: Derrick		Contact Phone Number:
Signed:		Date: 25-08-2022

Appendix 6: Analyse data

The workplace incident data for the past three months is recorded in the incident register below. Summarise the data in the graph provided and identify the areas that you should concentrate your improvement efforts on.

Incident	Cause	Type	Who	When
Slip/trip	Cables on floor	MTI	Bob	13/07
Muscle pull	Lifting paper	MTI	Jane	18/07
Muscle pull	Moving bins	FAI	Nihal	30/08
Bullying	Project deadline	LTI	Laszlo	15/09
Stress	Project deadlines	LTI	Greg	17/09
Slip/Trip	Cables on floor	NMI	Bob	01/10
Cut	Cut finger on broken glass	FAI	Rita	02/10
FAI first aid incidents MTI medical treatment injury LTI lost time injury LTIFR lost time injury frequency rate NM near miss

Graph the data from the table above.

Analyze the data above and suggest what you will need to focus on during the safety action meeting. On the basis of the given incident register, it can be seen that the most concentrated areas and the areas that need to be improved are lost time injury and medical treatment injury. The lost time injury incident is the incident that leads to the disability of an employee was the employee was unable to do work for some time. Medical treatment injury is the injury in which the individual needs consultation or treatment from the doctor and medical expert. these two areas take place more in the workplace (Hossain, et al., 2016) After making changes and improving these two major areas, the other types of incidents need improvements so that the workplace can be made free from hazards. The other incidents also need to be resolved and proper rules and regulations regarding these incidents. The other incidents include first aid incidents and a near miss. All the above incidents could not be avoided in the workplace as all these can cause injury and accidents in the workplace. To avoid these incidents in near future, the team leader has to discuss them with the high authority. And this incident register have to be maintained on a regular basis.

Appendix 7: Safety inspection form

Criteria	N/A	Yes	No	Comments
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Are designated emergency persons’ details are posted including:  health and safety representative fire warden first aid person?		yes		Yes the health and safety representative appointed on the workplace. Other than this, the first aid person also appointed who provides primary treatment to the injured employee.
Are instructions posted for calling emergency services?		yes		All the necessary instructions are posted for the emergency services
Is the site plan on display?		yes		The safety plan is posted on the workplace display board
Are emergency evacuation muster/assembly areas signposted?		yes		All the emergency evacuation and the gathering areas are successfully signposted
Have all staff been inducted and trained in emergency procedures?		yes		all the employees are directed and instructed for the protection from workplace hazards.
Entry and exit doors are marked and free of clutter?		yes		All the exit and entry doors in the organization make free from the clutter
Emergency exit routes and aisles and corridors are free of clutter?		yes		All the exit routes and corridors in the workplace make free from clutter
Are fire extinguishers provided and maintained?		yes		The fire extinguishers are placed on the workplace to avoid fire incidents
Have personnel on site been trained in the use of fire extinguishers?		yes		Training are provided to all the employees for the use of fire extinguishers
Are first aid kit/s stocked to contents list?		yes		First aid kit is always placed in the workplace
Are first aid supplies replenished?		yes		First aid box is refilled when necessary
HOUSEKEEPING
Is the bathroom and toilet clean and tidy?		yes		Washrooms and bathrooms of the office are properly cleaned
Is the kitchen and eating area clean and tidy?		yes		The kitchen area are properly cleaned and hygiene is maintained
Are floors clean, dry and in good condition?		yes		Floors are properly cleaned and also dried to avoid the slipping incidents
Are desks and work areas tidy?		yes		Desks and tables in the workplace are properly managed.
Are rubbish bins sufficient?			no	Cleaning staff are instructed to place more dustbins in the workplace
Is rubbish cleared regularly?		yes		It is properly cleared daily
Are recycling bins sufficient?			no	Instructed to increase the number of rubbish bins
Are recycling bins cleared regularly?			no	It is needed to be cleared regularly when needed
Are aisles and areas around workstations free of clutter?		yes		They are properly free from clutters
ERGONOMICS
Is furniture fit for purpose?			no	It not fits for the purpose, and need improvement
Do office chairs have five supports?		yes		Chairs have full five supports
Is furniture adjustable for keyboard operators? straight back forearms parallel to the floor upper legs parallel to the floor		yes		All the furniture are completely adjustable
Are footrests provided where necessary?		yes		It is provided
Are document supports provided?		yes		Document support also provided to the employees
Are computer screens positioned to avoid glare?		yes		Screens are proper positioned
Are work stations and equipment positioned to: reduce manual handling reduce repetitive handling improve work flow?		yes		Work stations successfully improve flow of work
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Are all chemicals, including liquid fuels, properly labelled, stored and signposted?		yes		It is properly placed where they need to be place.
Are spill kits available?		yes		They are placed at workplace
Are MSDS readily available for hazardous substances?		yes		It is properly placed to avoid harmful substances
Is a hazardous materials register maintained?			no	There is no separate register is maintained, but need to be maintained
PPE (for hazardous areas)
Is safety signage accurate?		yes		Safety signage are accurate
Is safety signage displayed correctly?		yes		It is properly displayed at workplace
Are safety glasses worn when required?		yes		Safety glasses are properly won whenever required
Is high visibility clothing provided where required?		yes		It is placed at the workplace
OTHER
Primary treatment		yes		Before consult to doctor, primary treatment is provided to the injured
PPE Kit		yes		PPE kit is compulsory o wear where needed

SAFETY ACTION MEETING (SAM)

The safety action meeting is going to conduct on 26 August 2022 at the conference hall. All the employees and safety teammates and subordinates are invited to attend this meeting. In tis meeting, all the workplace hazards and workplace incidents and dangers are going to be discussed and their solutions are discussed. To avoid serious injuries in the workplace, the possible actions and precautions that can be taken and safety policies that are needed to be implemented in the organization will be discussed. 

Pre-actions

Before conducting the Safety Action meeting, it is important to have a look on some crucial and necessary factors. On the basis of previous incident register, it is got to know the major incident areas that are recurring in nature and repeated the most. These areas are needed improvements, and the strict actions have to be taken to avoid these incidents in future.  To control the hazards, proper infrastructure should be provided to the employees so that the computer accessories will not lying on the floor. More cabins should be provided to the employees to avoid clutter on the workplace. The first aid box should be always prepared and placed in the almirah (Hossain, et al., 2016). 

Appendix 8: SAM record form

Work safety team:  

Meeting held on:    26 August 2022

Meeting conducted by (supervisor):   Harry

HSR in attendance:     Yes   /   No

Issues to be covered:

Serious accidents in the workplace

Hazardous and harmful surroundings

Threat of short-circuit  

sparkling of electric switches

fear of slips, Falls, and trips

handling heavyweight machinery and tools

High exposure to ultraviolet rays

Continuous loud noise

Gases under pressure

Improper adjustment of chairs and tables

Other issues addressed:

Fear of fire accidents

Fall from height

Sound and noise exposure

Poor postures

Excessive vibration

Frequent lifting

Insect bites

Staff in attendance:

All the staff members of the work safety team and also the employees attend the meeting, and carefully listen to all the instructions and directions that are given to them.

Outcomes:

After this meeting, the team leader got to know about the problems faced by the employees and the incidents that can take place in the future. Employees and staff members share their views and also threats that can be injurious and hazardous for them. To keep in mind all the incidents and accidents that can be happened in the workplace, safety policies can be formulated. This meeting highlights all types of hazards that can be occurred in the organization. The employees and the injured staff persons also, share their worst experiences of the accidents that can cause harm and injuries to them.

In this meeting, the team leader got to know about the precautions that can be taken to avoid death-threatening accidents in the workplace. In the meeting, discussing with the safety teammates and all the subordinates, the requirements of the workers and employees were got to know and it the y also suggest corrective measures and strict actions that have to be taken to avoid injuries and harm in the workplace. In this meeting, the team leader got to know about the various hazards that take place, of which they were not aware. The hazards include- chemical hazards, ergonomic hazards, environmental hazards, physical hazards, safety hazards, and biological hazards. To avoid the occurrence of these hazards in the business organization, corrective measures are decided to be taken and policies and procedures, and regulations are needed to be implemented in the workplace (Jensen, et al., 2022). 

Attendees:

Name: Alice   Signature:

Name: Norman   Signature:

Name: Fayol   Signature:

Name: Jasmine   Signature:

Name: Sharry   Signature:

Report

To avoid workplace incidents and hazards, it is important to identify the accidents and incidents that can take place in the future and can harm the employees and other staff persons of the organization. To identify the workplace hazards, the team leader will first collect all the necessary information about the hazards and incidents. After that, inspect the organization for safety from the incidents. The next is to the identification of the hazards and understand the root cause of these hazards. The leader will conduct the investigation n after identifying the cause of the incidents. In the end, take corrective measures for these hazards (Blackman, et al., 2020)

In order to reduce workplace hazards, incidents, and accidents, the team leader appoints a health and safety representative who can carefully identify all the threats and risks that can be occurred in the workplace. To maintain a safe and secure workplace, the regulations and legislations should be followed and obeyed by the employees and all the workers in the business organization. There are various hazards and risks that are identified by the team leader and also got to know by the employees, staff, and other workers. The hazards include- Safety Hazards. These hazards come first in the list of workplace hazards. These hazards are associated with the use of technical tools and equipment like machinery and other technical gadgets. Safety hazards have occurred in dangerous and unsafe and insecure working conditions that can harm the workers and cause injuries, illness, and sometimes death. Safety hazards include anything that can cause slips, trips, and falls from the high building, or falls on the floor or ice. It also includes accidents due to falls from ladders and roofs. Electrical hazards like short circuits, frayed cords, poor wiring in the workplace, and confined spaces (Spellman, 2017).

Biological hazards are said to be any biological substances and liquids that can cause harm to the individuals of the business organization. Biological hazards can be caused by infectious plants in the workplace or biting by poisonous animals and insects. The biological hazards include fungi and bacteria, viruses, etc. in this list, the next is physical hazards. It is not necessary that physical hazards are always seen and can be touched. These hazards include radiation, high exposure to ultraviolet rays, continuous loud noise, under-pressure gases, etc. one of the important hazards that take place in the organization are ergonomic hazards that include, poor posture while working, excessive vibrations, improperly adjusted tables, and chairs, etc.

To avoid workplace incidents and to provide a safe and secure working environment, the leader should develop policies and rules regarding the safety and security of the employees. WHS and OHS are helpful in the organization. Work Health and Safety (WHS) is said to be the safety measures and practices that are developed and followed to prevent employees from hazards and incidents in the workplace. In the organization, the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (WHS Act), The Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011 (WHS Regulations), and Model Codes of Practices. Work Health and Safety is not a responsibility of only leaders and managers, but it is everyone’s responsibility to honestly follow these rules and regulations (Furci & Sunindijo, 2020).

In addition to this, employers’ obligations are to maintain the tools and equipment, and machinery and take care of their maintenance. maintain an incident register, and regularly conduct inspections of the workplace. On the other hand, the employees and workers has obligation to follow these regulations, not show careless behavior, not misuse hazardous substances, and show cooperate towards co-workers. 

References

Al Hilali, K. S., Al Mughairi, B. M., Kian, M. W., & Karim, A. M. (2020). Coaching and Mentoring. Concepts and Practices in Development of Competencies: A Theoretical Perspective. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 10(1), 41-54.

Asumeng, M., Asamani, L., Afful, J., & Agyemang, C. B. (2015). Occupational safety and health issues in Ghana: strategies for improving employee safety and health at workplace. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 3(9), 60-79.

Awosan, K., Makusidi, M., Ibrahim, M., Suleiman, A., Magaji, T., & Mbatifuh, F. (2017). Knowledge and safety practices related to exposure to physical and chemical hazards among welders in Sokoto, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 9(1), 1-11.

Benfenati, E., Carnesecchi, E., Roncaglioni, A., Baldin, R., Ceriani, L., Ciacci, A., … & Yang, C. (2020). Maintenance, update and further development of EFSA’s Chemical Hazards: OpenFoodTox 2.0. EFSA Supporting Publications, 17(3), 1822E.

Blackman, R., Debnath, A. K., & Haworth, N. (2020). Understanding vehicle crashes in work zones: Analysis of workplace health and safety data as an alternative to police-reported crash data in Queensland, Australia. Traffic injury prevention, 21(3), 222-227.

Chandra, T., & Zebrowski, J. P. (2019, March). Developing SOPs for Hazardous Chemical Manipulations. In ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (Vol. 257). 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA: AMER CHEMICAL SOC.

Furci, J., & Sunindijo, R. Y. (2020). Impacts of the WHS Act 2011 on safety management in small and medium construction companies. International Journal of Construction Management, 20(3), 196-206.

Hathaway, G. J., & Proctor, N. H. (2014). Proctor and Hughes’ chemical hazards of the workplace. John Wiley & Sons.

Hossain, N. U. I., Nur, F., & Jaradat, R. M. (2016). An analytical study of hazards and risks in the shipbuilding industry. In Proceedings of the international annual conference of the American society for engineering management (pp. 1-8).

Jensen, R. C., Bird, R. L., & Nichols, B. W. (2022). Risk assessment matrices for workplace hazards: design for usability. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(5), 2763.

Loeppke, R. R., Hohn, T., Baase, C., Bunn, W. B., Burton, W. N., Eisenberg, B. S., … & Siuba, J. (2015). Integrating health and safety in the workplace. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 57(5), 585-597.

Spellman, F. R. (2017). Industrial hygiene simplified: a guide to anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of workplace hazards. Bernan Press.

World Health Organization. (2020). The WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification 2019. World Health Organization.