Carry out inspections of civil structures

 

 Assessment Manual

 

RIICSG405E

Carry out inspections of civil structures

Submission details

 

Candidate Name
Student ID No.
Assessor name
Assessment Date/s	Click or tap to enter a date.	Click or tap to enter a date.	Click or tap to enter a date.

 

Objective of assessments

We are committed to your learning by providing a training and assessment framework that ensures the knowledge gained through training is translated into practice in your work in the workplace with consistent and competent work performance. The purpose of the assessment process is to assess your ability:

• carry out inspections of civil structures on at least two occasions, including:
• interpreting project contract specification requirements
• applying procedures to problem solve
• making decisions for activity
• carrying out continuous improvement in meeting task outcomes.

 

The assessment processes

The assessment process is known as competency-based assessment. This means that evidence of your current skills and knowledge will be measured against national standards, not against the learning you have undertaken either recently or in the past. Some of the assessment will be concerned with how you apply your skills and knowledge in a workplace, and some in the training room as required by each unit. The assessment tasks have been designed to enable you to demonstrate skills and knowledge application and produce the critical evidence to successfully demonstrate competency at the required standard.

 

Your assessor will ensure that you are ready for assessment and will explain the assessment process.  Your assessment tasks will outline the evidence to be collected and how it will be collected, for example, a written activity, case study, or demonstration and observation. The assessor will also have determined if you have any special needs to be considered during assessment. Changes can be made to the way assessment is undertaken to account for special needs and this is called making Reasonable Adjustment provided to you in the assessment guide provided to you separately.

 

Assessment guide

Your assessment guide that is provided to you will explain the following. Please refer to assessment guide for the following information before commencing your written work and demonstration:

1. Your responsibilities during the assessment.
2. Assessor responsibilities during the conduct of assessment.
3. Your rights to appeal if the assessment outcome appears as “Not Yet Competent” for one or more assessment tasks.
4. The process to apply if you already possess the knowledge and skills to be able to demonstrate competence in this unit.
5. The formats and structure of the written assessment work for submission.
6. The length, breath and the quantity of your written work, plagiarism collusion, cheating and how to use references for sources of information.
7. how to achieve a satisfactory outcome against the criteria for each type of assessment task.
8. Application of reasonable adjustments where necessary.
9. Requirements for demonstration, performance for practical assessment tasks and activities.
10. Your assessment performance with commitment, consistency, clarity, capacity, capability, correctness and completeness.

 

Assessment methods

This manual has three assessment tasks. Assessment methods for this unit of competency include:

1. Written questioning
2. Case study (refer learning materials)
3. Project (include written preparation work)

Instructions

1. Each assessment task provides you with assessment information that includes answers to what, why, how, when, in what condition, what materials, resources and equipment to use and evidence requirements.
2. Read the applicable information and if unsure seek clarification from your assessor.
3. Before and during assessment demonstration and interacting with others, ensure you follow simulated workplace policies and procedures.
4. Ensure you follow hygiene procedures, social distancing rules and ethics before, during and after assessment tasks and activities.
5. Undertake your preparation activities and demonstration activities as specified and directed by your assessor.
6. In any situation during the assessment, if you find that you are unable to perform due to any condition (health or safety), stop your work and inform the assessor of the condition.
7. Ensure you are obligated with your rights as a candidate and respects the rights of your assessor during the assessment performance.
8. For interactive and role-play activities, organise role-play settings and individuals for role-play in collaboration with assessor and training mates.
9. Submit your written work when it becomes due and avoid the requirements of extensions.
10. Use provided self-assessment checklists by checking as you progress in assessment to ensure you do not miss anything that may lead to unsatisfactory outcomes.

 

Submission specifications

1. Fill your submission details in the front page and attach any additional documents and any other evidence as specified and required by your assessor.
2. Follow the institution submission requirements of assessment. I.e., electronic submission (LMS) or hard copy submission or as specified by your assessor for differing assessment situations.

ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR WRITTEN TASK

QUESTION TYPE	HOW LONG YOUR ANSWER MUST BE (LENGTH OF ANSWER)
Define	Length approximately 4 typed lines = 50 words, or 5 lines of handwritten text for each question.
Identify	Write dot points of the number of items to identify according to the question.
Outline	Summarise in a line or set of lines the required number of items or develop appropriate meaningful answer according to the question but not in detail.
Identify and briefly describe	Identify in dot points and provide a description of each with minimum of 4 typed lines = 50 words, or 5 lines of handwritten text for each question.
Describe	Provide description with minimum 8 typed lines = 100 – 150 words, or 10 – 15 lines of handwritten text or appropriately describe to provide a meaningful answer with consistent knowledge application in length according to the question.
Explain	Explain the procedure with minimum 8 typed lines = 100 – 150 words, or 10 – 15 lines of handwritten text or appropriately explain to provide a meaningful answer with consistent knowledge application in length according to the question.
Distinguish / differentiate	Distinguish means recognise or treat (someone or something) as different. To differentiate is to show or find the difference between things which are compared. It simply means that they are not the same but does not qualify them as being unique and possibly not related. Length approximately 4 – 8 typed lines = 50 – 100 words, or 5 – 10 lines of handwritten text for each question.

 

 

 

 

ASSESSMENT TASK 1

Written Activities

 

You are required to read the following assessment information, requirements, and instructions before commencing. This task is about written questioning for you to provide written answers as evidence of your knowledge application. Ensure you follow the terms and conditions applied in undertaking written task during the assessment as specified and facilitated by your assessor.

Assessment Information		Description
1	Assessment method	Written questioning
2	Assessment type	Summative
3	Assessment description (What?)	This assessment task is a written task for which you are required to provide written answer solutions to the questions demonstrating your knowledge required to manage civil works design processes, including interpreting and scoping design requirements, monitoring, and supporting design processes and reviewing designs. Read the following information related to your assessment to prepare and perform to provide evidence of your knowledge.
4	Purpose (objective) of the assessment (Why?)	To gather evidence of your ability to apply knowledge consistently to manage civil works design processes, including interpreting and scoping design requirements, monitoring, and supporting design processes and reviewing designs.
5	Assessment Instructions (How?)	1.       Read the theoretical component of the of learner workbook. 2.       Conduct research and review literature relevant to the unit 3.       Provide answer solutions to each question using your own words. Note: do not just copy past the answers from other materials. 4.       You may refer to learning materials and other sources of information as agreed by your assessor. 5.       You may word-process your answers using MS Word /Mac document. 6.       The assessment is due for completion on the date/s and time/s. specified by your assessor. 7.       Any variations to this arrangement must be approved in writing by your assessor. 8.       Submit your work with any required evidence attached. 9.       See the specifications below for details of submission requirements. 10.   Read the following requirements for this assessment completion:
6	Assessment date/s and timing/s (When?)	This assessment will be conducted according to training delivery session plan. Assessor will specify the timings of assessment and submission of evidence. Time allowed for the assessment is 3 hours within 20 hours of training delivery of the week 2.
7	Specifications (What structure, format and demonstration)	1.      Write answer solutions to all the questions using word-processed document. 2.      Provide specified length and numbers mentioned in each question. 3.      Submit the answers with a cover page that includes your name, student ID, unit name/code, date of submission and assessor name. 4.      If separate word-process document is used for your responses, include header (unit name/code) and footer (page no. student name and ID).
8	Assessment context (where and in what condition)	Assessment is conducted in the training room and safe environment where you are required to provide answer solutions to the questions in a word-processed document with evidence that demonstrates consistent knowledge application.
9	Required resources (What resources, equipment, tools  and materials)	1.       Assessment task with instruction and assessment information 2.       Learner workbook and other training handouts if or as allowed by your assessor. 3.       Computer with Internet access. 4.       Word-process software (MS Word/Mac). 5.      Workspace, table, chair and stationery.
10	Evidence requirements/ (What assessor is looking for)	To complete the unit requirements safely and effectively, you must demonstrate application of knowledge consistently relevant to vocational contexts for the following areas: ·       manage civil works design processes on at least two occasions, including: ·         communicating and collaborating with clients to resolve problems and meet job requirements ·         seeking advice from required personnel where proposed design includes non‑standard engineering requirements or new technology ·         monitoring and supporting design processes ·         creating a demonstrating model of the design ·         confirming documentation requirements are met ·         reviewing designs, including interpreting and confirming the following project documentation: ·         plans and drawings ·         specifications ·         design briefs ·         engineering survey information ·         hydrological, meteorological data geotechnical data ·         cultural and heritage data ·         supporting design implementation.

 

 

 

 

Your Task – Write answers (Knowledge Application)

Assessor can decide whether to have this as written or oral questioning. If the assessor use verbal questioning method, the assessor must write student responses using dot points as a minimum on the student’s key responses relevant to the question (Not recommended as it is a time consuming method as one candidate will respond while other candidates are watching and waiting, but assessor is free to decide).

The following is a set of knowledge-based questions. Read the text section ‘introduction’ in the learner workbook, refer to training undertaken and provide your answer solutions to the following questions using your own words to demonstrate your consistent knowledge application.

Note: If handwritten answers are allowed by the assessor considering reasonable adjustments or any special consideration, you need to use the enter key of the keyboard to expand the answer space. For example, 2 – 3 questions in a page to allow sufficient space, print a hard copy and write answers.

Questions (Ensure you answer all the following questions using the length guidelines above)

Part A – Written Activities

1. Why are structural inspections carried out?

A common process in which a building is being inspected by performing various kind tests on it that helps in checking its (building) strength is commonly known as structural inspection. Engineering (structural engineer) performs a visual inspection on the subject to determine its soundness and overall integrity and quality it includes many things such as checking of beams, pillars, columns, foundations, etc. The reason behind conducting it is to check the structural soundness of a building or some time customers have questions about the integrity of the building and this analysis could be whole or just on the particular element of the building.

 

2. What tools, documents, and sources can you use to determine work requirements?

Best tools, documents, and sources that can be used to get work requirements are as follows:

Gantt charts- it is being considered one of the top management tools in project management in construction.

Work breakdown structure- it is the first and very important tool in planning

Project baseline. Team building activities. Communication tools.

 

3. Why is it important to use standard abbreviations in drawings?

This engineering drawing abbreviation plays an important role throughout the work because they work as a language between different engineers based on it different engineers can do their assigned task without disturbing others or the main person who has made the drawing. It mainly contains numbers (0 – 9) and alphabets (a – z) dedicated abbreviations written in the drawing work as a language between the workers and the staff and they can easily perform the task without any disturbance and with all clarity that’s why it (language) has been used in between to coordinate.

 

4. What can plans tell you about the structures you are inspecting?

It helps check the quality of structure, project, or other materials of importance. Different plans provide different insights about the structure, for example, a physical inspection plan will help in keeping a track record of the bout damage and another kind of wear and tear on the structure which requires attention.

5. Describe two hazards related to civil structure inspection and ways in which you would manage these hazards.

There could be different many hazards at the site of construction because it is work which indeed consists of any kind of safety risks among the two main and mostly unavoidable hazards are excessive noise and airborne contaminants. Because of the type of work, it is impossible to avoid noise because all the machinery and work does make very noise.

The one which I would like to manage is airborne contaminants as they could do much harm to people who live nearby and it could be better managed than sound as it is impossible to stop sounds not produced (Esser, et al., 2000).

 

6. What PPE would you select to undertake concreting?

We all have heard a lot about PPE kits during the pandemic of covid 19 PPE stands for personal protective equipment used for safety purposes and these are designed differently as per the need of the surrounding in which it is going to be used.

PPE that I will choose for concreting will going to be the safety glasses to avoid any particle entering directly into the eye, and other important protective gears are safety helmets, protective gloves for hand, high visibility clothing, and at last safety, foot wears also harness if needed and of course, the quality must be of high quality to avoid any kind of issue and it can perform its desired purpose.

 

7. What do you need to account for in planning the inspection of a civil structure?

Inspection is all about checking the fault if there are any to avoid future accidental issues of any kind of inspection. And mainly in today’s time structure of building and bridges have been inspected visually.

 

8. Develop a preliminary list of resources and equipment you would require to inspect a concrete road bridge structure?

Important things to consider that are needed to account for in planning the semi-final and final inspection are as follows: planning (what are the major parts of inspection), overview meeting, preparation, inspection meeting, rework, and follow-ups. More than that basic things that must be considered in inspection planning are knowing the area, controls, potential hazards, contingency plan, etc (Yang, et al. 2017).

 

9. How can you determine the training needs of your team?

Several different methods can be used to determine the training need of the team some of the most valuable methods are written below:

1. Explore the overall performance of team
2. If the team is not performing as in comparison to the other teams
3. Checking the industry of work and determining the efficiency
4. one of the best methods to find out the requirement is by performing the individual assessment.

 

10. What do Level 1 and Level 2 inspections refer to?

Different level of inspection refers to the different criteria:

Level 1 inspection refers to routine inspection for maintenance or general serviceability of the structure. Or to identify the problem which can emerge in the future.

Level 2 inspection refers to the inspection of a critical component to ensure there are no defects or a short-term maintenance and repair program.

11. How do condition ratings work?

The condition rating is numerical data or quantitative data that indicates the condition of structure that is mainly used for a bridge in which numbers are from 1 to 5 and every component of the superstructure based on the material defects and the functioning of the component in the structural system. In road networks, it serves a very important role by ranking the deteriorated bridge, for checking the tendency of deterioration and it also provides us with a rough estimate of the remaining load capacity that it can bear or the handing capacity of the superstructure.

12. When would ultrasonic testing be required?

Non-destructive testing is ultrasonic testing or simply UT. This non-destructive form of testing can be used in an individual project and mostly it is used in metals, plastic, composites, and ceramics. To find structural internal defects (Cho, et al., 2018).

 

13. What risks does asbestos pose?

Asbestos is a disease which generally caused by inhaling small dust particles such as particles of cement and it causes serious diseases and issues or problems in the human body such as lung cancer, cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, kidney and throat, scarring of the lung lining, and mesothelioma, a rare cancer of the chest and stomach lining (Christenson, 2002).

 

14. What are civil structures? Provide examples.

Civil structures are civil engineering mainly because it handles the designing and strengthening of structure. And structures are from a vast range of buildings such as roads, highways, buildings, dams, irrigation canals, tunnels, bridges, railways, and civil structures including all sorts of physical structures that you often see in your surroundings of the time all are the example are called civil structures together.

15. What can cause a defect in a timber structure?

Many things are responsible for creating defects in timber structure, which are biological attacks on wood by certain species of fungi and different timber eater bugs. Different chemicals can cause timber to get stains on it. Many times, the moist environment is responsible for the defects of timber, etc.

16. What would you look for in inspecting a concrete deck slab?

Basic things to look at while inspecting a concrete deck slab are:

1. Reinforcement at maximum moment
2. Supports are where the drawings say they are
3. What concrete strength has the builder order
4. Suspended concrete slab reinforcement cover.

Which reinforcement layers were placed first and the last etc.

 

17. Describe the defects shown below:

(a)

The defect which is shown in the given picture is about the jammed pipe because of the fallen wood block which has to be removed to clear the blockage.

 

(b)

The defect in this given picture of the bridge is about growing fungi or green vegetation that has been growing in the bridge which is damaging the bridge walls from inside and if continuous it can cause some serious damage to the bridge.

(c)

The defects in the given picture which is of the road are of the broken road and small potholes in it appeared due to any reason which can cause the issue to the passing through travellers.

 

 

18. Who is responsible for plant and equipment maintenance?

The responsible authority for plant and equipment maintenance are the plant manager, the machine operators, and the line supervisors this are some of the main personalities who are responsible for any defect and issue that occur because they know what’s normal and what’s not. Responsibilities include basic maintenance and inspections. Including cleaning, and the care of equipment.

19. Under what circumstances would you need to improve tasks in the civil inspection?

There could be many reasons in which improvement may require such as when it is concerning workers and supervisors, if there is an issue finding out about understanding in jobs and tasks, or of existing potential hazards or trigger hazards, and if any corrective action is needed.

 

 

 

 

 

Part B – Knowledge Assessment (Written Tasks)

1. The diagram below assists with the estimation of percentages of typical rust formation in painted steel elements (from the Australian Standards AS/NZ 2312 : 2002). Complete the percentages where blank:

 

 

2. What is the purpose of a Level 1 Inspection?

The level 1 inspection is done for the purpose that the basic structure of the any civil

The structure can be done to find the common problems and defect in the structure and

Undertake the procedure and WHS procedures and the equipment that are required to

The construction (Rey, et al.,2021).

 

3. In a Level 1 inspection, what would you inspect on expansion joints in bridges and culverts?

The general structure of the expansion of joints and the visible signs distress in the joints

Of the bridges and culverts. The unusual behaviour of the that includes any active

Movement of the culverts and the deck joint movement of the bridge. There is also

Inspection of the sound and visual inspection of the joints in the bridges and culverts.

 

 

 

4. What condition is shown below and what causes the condition?

Honeycomb and rock pocket there is a defect in the concrete which happened in the

given picture in the basement of the pillar is completely demolished and this is happening

because the basement of the Pillar has a defect of concrete that is the quality of binders

are used not in the best quality (Rey, et al.,2021).

 

 

 

5. What is Delamination?

This is a type of failure or defect where the fractures occur in the layers of the materials.

in the delamination the material including the composite and the concrete that fails by

the delaminating.

 

6. Provide 3 examples of surface defects in concrete.

1. Honeycomb and rock pockets generally occur in the pillars of the basement.

2. Defects that occur due to framework that is made poorly.

3. defects that occurs due to errors in the concrete dimensions (Kopsida et al.,2015).

 

7. What must you obtain prior to commencing site inspections?

To commence the site inspection there is a need to survey the condition of the property,

and neighbouring areas they are suitable or not for the further project. This also consist of

the permission of the planning, any obligations that ensure compliance with the local

authorities. This will help in the projecting the budget of the project (Kopsida et al.,2015).

 

8. Where are fatigue cracks likely to occur?

The fatigue cracks are likely to occur due to the stress or the area that is near to the stress

concentrators that lie just below the surface of the material. The high stress level gives

the dislocation movement quickly of the surface.

 

 

 

9. Provide a condition state description for the image shown below:

 

The image is of the iron pillar that has the condition which is totally rusted that the results

in the weakening of the pillar and rusting cause the iron weakness which results in the

collapse of the pillar (Pham & La 2016).

 

 

 

10. What is the condition of the steel diaphragms shown below:

 

The steel diaphragms in the image that is shown are in the good condition. The different layers and the different blocks of steel are together bind with the tightly bounded screws so that there is no gap remains (Pham & La 2016).

 

 

 

11. Describe what is shown in the photo below:

Image is showing the part of the bridge in which the coal tar is inserted with the metal

and this is the gap which is made on the bridge for the air circulation and maintain the

bridge balance so that it will long last and also this support the bridge.

 

12. What observations would you make with respect to the condition of the cantilever arm shown below:

The cantilever arm is slightly rusted from the arm of cantilever which should be

replaced as soon as possible because rusting of iron make iron weak and cantilevars arms

may cause risk to the travellers (Sankarasrinivasan et al.,2015).

 

 

 

13. List 5 items of equipment that you would use during inspection of a civil structure.

1. PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

2. Gloves

3. Tape Measure

4. Flashlight/Head lamp

5. Probe

 

14. Describe the effect fungi can have on a wooden bridge.

The fungi will have the worst effect on the wooden bridge because fungi will decay the whole wood slowly and result from the structure of the bridge collapse. The fungi need a favourable condition to degrade the bridge and this degradation (Sankarasrinivasan et al.,2015).

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assessment Task 3 – Project

(Includes preparation written work)

Manage civil work design processes

You are required to read the following assessment information, requirements and instructions before commencing. This task has simulated workplace reference. Ensure you access the simulated workplace resources (planning documents, policies and procedures etc.), equipment, applicable legislation, regulation, standards and code of conduct during the assessment as specified and facilitated by your assessor.

Assessment Information		Description
1	Assessment Method	Project work
2	Assessment Type	Summative
3	Assessment Description (What?)	This assessment task is a project based on a case study to manage civil works design processes, including interpreting and scoping design requirements, monitoring and supporting design processes and reviewing designs. You are required to undertake the project by applying foundation skills and providing solutions to task activities demonstrating the application of skills and knowledge. You must also provide written solutions to task activities. You must read the following information related to your assessment to prepare and perform in order to provide evidence of your skills and knowledge related to the unit of competency.
4	Purpose (objective) of the Assessment (Why?)	To gather evidence of your ability to manage civil works design processes, including interpreting and scoping design requirements, monitoring and supporting design processes and reviewing designs.
5	Assessment Instructions (How?)	1.       Review the skills application section/s of the learner workbook. 2.       Read the task performance requirements and foundation skills application for each task activity. 3.       Conduct research and review literature relevant to the unit 4.       Provide solutions to each written and performance activity using skills and knowledge and demonstrating your foundation skills. Note: Use word-process document for written activities to provide written evidence as specified in the task. you may use MS Word /Mac document for your written evidence. 5.       This task requires you to play roles. As specified and agreed by your assessor, role-play the relevant activities demonstrating relevant skills. 6.       The assessment is due on the date specified by your assessor. 7.       Any variations to this arrangement must be approved in writing by your assessor. 8.       Submit your work with any required evidence attached. 9.       See the specifications below for details of submission requirements. 10.   Continue to read the following assessment requirements:
6	Assessment Date/s and Timing/s (When?)	1.       This assessment will be conducted according to training delivery session plan. 2.       Assessor will specify the timings for assessment and evidence submission date/s and timing/s. 3.       Time allowed for the assessment completion is 4 hours within 20 hours of training delivery of the week 4.
7	Specifications (What structure, format and demonstration)	5.       Provide written solutions to all the project activities using word-processed document. You may use this MS Word /Mac document for your answering. Provide specified length and numbers mentioned in each written activity. 6.       For role-play activities, play the role as specified by your assessor demonstrating foundation skills and knowledge application while being observed by your assessor. 7.       Submit the written activities with a cover page that includes your name, student ID, unit name, unit code, date of submission and assessor name. Include header (unit name/code) and footer (page number, student name and student ID number)
8	Assessment Context (where and in what condition)	Assessment is conducted in the training room and safe environment where you must perform applying skills and knowledge. You must also provide written solutions to the activities in a word-processed document with evidence that demonstrates consistent skills and knowledge application in various conditions specified in the assessment task. (Assessed in a simulated off-the-job situation that reflects the real workplace)
9	Required Resources (What resources, equipment, tools  and materials)	6.       Assessment task with instruction and assessment information 7.       Learner workbook and other training handouts. 8.       Access to simulated workplace and resources 9.       Computer with Internet access, word-process software (MS Word/Mac). 10.   Workspace, table, chair and stationery as required. 11.   Case study and/or real workplace scenario 12.   Access to relevant legislation, regulations, standards and code of practice 13.   Business equipment and resources. 14.   Specified timing for assessment
10	Evidence Requirements (What assessor is looking for)	To complete the unit requirements safely and effectively, you must demonstrate application of knowledge consistently relevant to vocational contexts for the following areas: ·       manage civil works design processes on at least two occasions, including: ·         communicating and collaborating with clients to resolve problems and meet job requirements ·         seeking advice from required personnel where proposed design includes non‑standard engineering requirements or new technology ·         monitoring and supporting design processes ·         creating a demonstrating model of the design ·         confirming documentation requirements are met ·         reviewing designs, including interpreting and confirming the following project documentation: ·         plans and drawings ·         specifications ·         design briefs ·         engineering survey information ·         hydrological, meteorological data geotechnical data ·         cultural and heritage data ·         supporting design implementation.

 

 

 

 

Project (Skills and Knowledge Application)

Your task

You are required to undertake a civil construction design project as outlined below.  Your Assessor will take the role of the client for the purposes of this assessment task.

Task 1 – Inspection of Civil Structure – Level 1 Inspection

This assessment task requires you to inspect a civil structure as nominated by your Assessor.  This Assessment task requires the completion of a Level 1 inspection in accordance with local state legislation and regulations as per your state. The task requires you to:

• interpreting project contract specification requirements
• applying procedures to problem solve
• making decisions for activity
• carrying out continuous improvement in meeting task outcomes

and these will be relevant to the structure being assessed.  Queensland inspection forms are included following for you to record your inspection.  Note: Where specific state forms are relevant and available, the attached forms may be substituted with the mandatory state forms.  The Queensland versions of the forms are downloadable as editable versions from https://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/business-industry/Technical-standards-publications/Structures-Inspection-Manual/Appendix-A.

For the purposes of the assessment, civil structures that you are required to inspect will include one or more of the following:

• civil concrete structures, including:
  • bridges, including their:
    • foundations
    • abutments
    • piers
    • beams
    • decks
    • pre-cast and in-situ elements
    • normally reinforced and pre-stressed elements
  • retaining walls
  • water storage tanks and small dams
  • noise barriers
  • culverts
  • safety barriers
• civil steel structures, including:
  • bridges
  • sign gantries
  • vertical sign supports
  • noise barrier supports
  • guardrails
• civil timber structures, including:
  • bridges, jetties and wharves
  • retaining walls
  • noise barriers
• civil masonry, crib and gabion structures, including:
  • masonry walls
  • crib walls
  • gabion walls
  • foundations for these walls

 

Aside from the Bridge and Culvert inspection forms, you must also complete the Inspection Record Form.

 

 

 

 

Inspection Activity Record

Site Name	New Grafton Bridge
Side Location	NSW Australia
Inspection Date	26-07-2022
Inspection Type	In-line inspection
Purpose of Inspection	For knowing about the activities of the construction of bridge
	Is it on time or not and also for the check of the quality of the bridge.
Required Equipment	PPE (personal Protective equipment)
	Head Lamp
	Tape Measure
	Cameras and photo References card
	Notepad
	Small sledgehammer
	Probe
	Collapsible Ladder
	Safety Harness
Toolbox meeting date time and agenda	25-07-2022
	11:15 AM
	The agenda of the meeting is t verify the bridge processes which are going on the construction site and also watch out for the procedure of the working styles. And also inspecting the material and the structure that is according to the designed project.
	The inspection also consists of any requirement that is needed to fulfill the lackness of the project.
Observed site Hazards and Controls	There are some hazards related to the material handlings of the bridge that are needed to be trained by the workers and employers. So, there is a need for training that is required for the employees to control.
Site Preparation Methods	Disc Trenching
	Mounding
Traffic Control	For the diversion of the traffic and control, there is many devices are used like speed bumps, barricades to block the ways to the bridge and there is also stop signs and raised pavement markers.
Inspection Methods	The inspection method that is used in the construction site of the bridge
	1. visual
	2. radiographic test
	3. ultrasonic testing
	4. magnetic particle inspection
	5. electrical testing
Defect Marking Procedures	The defect marking procedures are different for the different types of the defects
	1. for the metal binding there will be checked in the welding and the quality of the welding.
	2. for the quality of the metal there will be radiographic testing will be done
	3. for checking the magnetic property and the behavior there will be magnetic particle testing will be done.
Job Plan, including: q  human resource requirements q  plant and machinery requirements q  construction materials requirements q  sub-contractor support requirements q  waste disposal requirements q  coordination requirements q  activity scheduling q  materials delivery scheduling q  risk assessment and management requirements q  work health and safety (WHS) requirements q  quality management requirements, including testing scheduling requirements q  traffic management requirements q  environmental requirements q  task monitoring requirements q  task performance monitoring requirements q  communication requirements q  reporting requirements	The construction site need some workforce to carryout some technical activities.
	There is need of binder which will be required to bind concrete to the surface of the bridge.
	The process of the disposal is required in the more proper way.
	There is need of the training for the workforce for using PPE equipment.
	There is need of the greenery around the bridge so that balance of the environment can be maintained properly.
	There is need of the updated operational plan for the bridge and need to update communication policies to avoid conflict among the workforce.
	There is need to check KPIs for the project accurately and effectively.
	There is proper requirement of the reporting for any delays in the activities.
Required Outcomes	q  civil structures report requirements q  inspection cost requirements q  identification of concrete structures and elements problems, such as: q  cracks q  delamination q  displacement q  water where it should not be q  rust stains and q  lime leaching q  identification of steel structures and elements problems, such as: q  deflection q  corrosion q  cracking q  damaged protective coating q  missing, damaged or loose fastenings q  Identification of timber structures and elements problems, such as: q  deflection q  cracking q  rotting q  lamination q  moisture q  pest attack q  missing, damaged or loose fastenings q  identification of masonry, crib or gabion structures and elements problems, such as: q  settling q  cracking q  missing mortar q  efflorescence q  weephole condition
Summary of Observations and Recommendations	The level 1 inspection is done with the prior meeting with the managers for the inspection and this inspection is done for the checking of the quality and also how the activities are going for the project. The inspection is done and found that some activities are lacking with the time frames and the welding quality between the metals is not so good. And there is chances of various hazards so the the strength of bridge will be affected so much because of this. The KPIs are also monitored with that it come to know that there is need of several things and some recommendation are given for the improvement of the bridge project for the smooth conduct of the project.

 

 

 

 

      Bridge Routine Maintenance Inspection (Level 1) Report 

Road Name:                                         Road Number:

PRP:    Distance from PRP (km):                       Chainage (km):             Region:

Asset Name:                                         Stream Name:                                      AIS Asset Number:

Inspected by:………………………………………..Inspection Date:………………………………………………….  Reason for inspection: Opportune/Postwet/Prewet/Flood/Earthquake/Vehicleacc/Othe…………………………..

Task	Checked	Needs  Repair
Signs and delineation Missing/damaged/orientation/cleanline ss Loose and missing bolts	q  q	q  q	q  q	There are proper sign and the delineation are present with proper orientation.
Road approach Settlement of approach slab  Depressions, rutting, shoving etc.  Cracking	q  q  q	q  q  q	q  q  q	The settlement of the road approach by the slab with accurate length and also accurate measurement.
Alignment barriers Loose and missing bolts Missing/damaged spacer blocks or  barrier Corrosion Correct rail height and alignment	q  q  q  q	q  q  q  q	q  q  q  q	The barrier needs to aligned in the proper way and some of the bolts are missing.
Bridge railing Loose and missing bolts  Corrosion Paint stripping Missing/damaged railing	q  q  q  q	q  q  q  q	q  q  q  q	The railing of the bridge of damaged from some place so need to repair
Deck and footpath surface  Cracking Uneven surface	q  q	q  q	q  q	The surface of the sides of the bridge the area of the footpath is good.
Expansion joint Missing, loose or damaged joint  Missing, loose or damaged bolts  Dirt/debris accumulation	q  q  q	q  q  q	q  q  q	The expansion joint are found that at some places there is rusted bolts
Bridge drainage Debris accumulation on deck/footpath  Debris accumulation in  scuppers/gutters/drains	q  q	q  q	q  q	The drainage of the bridge is still working well as it was expected.
Embankments Erosion/scour/voids Cracked or missing protection works   Vegetation growing in protection works	q  q  q	q  q  q	q  q  q	There are some patches of the grasses that are growing in some protective areas.
Abutments Weepholes clean Vegetation clear Accumulation of dirt and debris  Cracking Splitting/spalling	q  q  q  q  q	q  q  q  q  q	q  q  q  q  q	There is no evidence of the cracks found while inspecting the bridge.
Piers Accumulation of dirt and debris  Cracking Splitting/spalling  Corrosion/pitting Paint stripping	q  q  q  q  q	q  q  q  q  q	q  q  q  q  q	The piers of the bridges are still in the excellent condition
Girders/Beams Accumulation of dirt and debris  Cracking Splitting/spalling Excessive vibration Dampness and staining  Corrosion/pitting Paint stripping	q  q  q  q  q  q  q	q  q  q  q  q  q  q	q  q  q  q  q  q  q	In the section of the girders there is accumulation of dirt which needs to be clean so that the condition can be improved.
Bearings Accumulation of dirt and debris  Cracking/splitting Excessive vibration Dislocated	q  q  q  q	q  q  q  q	q  q  q  q	The bearing needs to be greased because they are making vibration.
Vandalism/Graffiti  Vandalism Graffiti	q  q	q  q	q  q	There is no graffiti on the bridge.

 

1  Observations for Future Reference 

(Photos, measurements, diagrams help to track specific issues.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2 Recommended Maintenance 

(List the specific requirements as if a scope of works.)

 

1.The barrier needs to aligned in the proper way and some of the bolts are missing.

2. The railing of the bridge of damaged from some place so need to repair
3. The expansion joint are found that at some places there is rusted bolts

4.There are some patches of the grasses that are growing in some protective areas.

5. In the section of the girders there is accumulation of dirt which needs to be clean so that the condition can be improved.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3 Recommended Detailed Inspections 

(Explain what needs to be inspected and why)

The inspection is needed to be done regularly this help in the checking of the performance of the bridge that is built with the measure that are taken into the notice at the time of construction. Inspection is also necessary because this also help in knowing the condition of the bridge and also this helps in the finding any defects that led to hazard can be mitigate and action can be taken for the improvement.

 

 

References

Adhikari, R. S., Moselhi, O., & Bagchi, A. (2012). Automated prediction of condition state rating in bridge inspection. In ISARC. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (Vol. 29, p. 1). IAARC Publications..

Cho, S., Yun, C. B., Lynch, J. P., Zimmerman, A. T., Spencer Jr, B. F., & Nagayama, T. (2008). Smart wireless sensor technology for structural health monitoring of civil structures. Steel Structures, 8(4), 267-275.

Christenson, R. E. (2002). Semiactive control of civil structures for natural hazard mitigation: analytical and experimental studies. University of Notre Dame.

Esser, B., Pelczarski, N., Huston, D., & Arms, S. (2000, August). Wireless inductive robotic inspection of structures. In Proceedings of IASTED International Conference Robotics and Applications. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA (pp. 14-16).

Kaczmarek, M., Piwakowski, B., & Drelich, R. (2017). Noncontact ultrasonic nondestructive techniques: state of the art and their use in civil engineering. J. Infrastruct. Syst, 23(1), B4016003

Kopsida, M., Brilakis, I., & Vela, P. A. (2015, October). A review of automated construction progress monitoring and inspection methods. In Proc. of the 32nd CIB W78 Conference (Vol. 2015, pp. 421-431). Pham, N. H., & La, H. M. (2016, September). Design and implementation of an autonomous robot for steel bridge inspection. In 2016 54th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton) (pp. 556-562). IEEE.

Rey, R. O., de Melo, R. R. S., & Costa, D. B. (2021). Design and implementation of a computerized safety inspection system for construction sites using UAS and digital checklists–Smart Inspecs. Safety science, 143, 105430.

Sankarasrinivasan, S., Balasubramanian, E., Karthik, K., Chandrasekar, U., & Gupta, R. (2015). Health monitoring of civil structures with integrated UAV and image processing system. Procedia Computer Science, 54, 508-515.

Selikoff, I. J., & Lee, D. H. K. (1978). Asbestos and disease. Academic Press, Inc. 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003, USA.

Yang, L., Li, B., Li, W., Liu, Z., Yang, G., & Xiao, J. (2017, September). Deep concrete inspection using unmanned aerial vehicle towards cssc database. In Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (pp. 24-28).

 

 

Observation Checklist

Observation Criteria	S	NS
Obtained, interpreted and clarified work requirements
Accessed, interpreted and applied documentation required to inspect civil structures and confirmed work activity is compliant
Identified and addressed potential risks, hazards and environmental issues and implement control measures
Selected and wore personal protective equipment according to site requirements
Prepared and implemented a job plan that meets task requirements in consultation with team members
Confirmed required resources are acquired and made available for task
Identified team member training requirements and developed and implement training plans
Issued task instructions to team members and others involved according to job requirements
Monitored civil structures inspection task performance
Implemented adjustments to inspection processes or job plan if required and confirmed required outcomes are achieved
Confirmed program for plant, equipment and tool maintenance is carried out and written records are kept
Completed and submitted reports according to site requirements
Recommended changes to improve tasks
Correctly interpreted civil concrete structures construction materials properties and test results
Worked effectively with others to plan, prepare and conduct the inspection
Communicated effectively using both oral and written communication
Calculated quantities for the execution of tasks including: q  volumes q  grades q  percentages q  areas q  resource consumption figures, including required supply rates as required
Completed report correctly and utilized prescribed format

 

 

 

Outcome

q Satisfactory                         q Unsatisfactory

 

Comments:

 

Date ______________________

 

Signed _____________________________ (Assessor)

 

Signed ______________________________(Student)