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INTRODUCTION

In the present era, it has been seen that there are plenty of accounting mistakes are arises while recording of financial transactions. It is because of not having proper accounting system utilize by organisation during the time. The primary objective of using this system is to attain short or long term objectives that are set by the company. Management accounting is an essential aspect for an organisation that would assist manager at the time of managing their day to day operations. This report analyse specific effort that could promote proper understanding among various department among Hilti GB Company which is operating in UK. This project report aimed at providing crucial information about various accounting system and reporting used within an organisation. Apart from this, use of various costing method to calculate net profitability for the company is discussed in this report. Along with that advantage and disadvantage of using planning tools that can assist manager to control their budgets. Further, comparison of different management accounting system in resolving financial problems has been covered effectively in this project report.

• Activity 1

1. • Part A
   • P1: Concept of management accounting and its essential requirement

In every business organisation, it has been analyse that manager are always looking to have an effective accounting system that can assist them to record each and every business transactions into their respective statements. It would be reliable for them take necessary decision on that basis of this particular data. The manager are playing eminent role in summering and analysing the information that are collected during the time (Parker, 2012). The primary motive behind doing so is to attain overall goal of Hilti GB Company that has been set for the period. It has been determine that managers are using specific provision for accounting data in accordance to attain better data themselves before they would decide specific matters within the company. it would aids their overall management and profitability aspect to control overall function that are performed within an accounting period of time. There are valuable procedure which is useful for preparing management reports and accounts which would provide reliable and timely financial as well as numerical data those are needed by managers to make specific decisions. Management accounting is mostly generates monthly or weekly statements for an organisation internal department such as finance managers and chief executive officers. The scope of management accounting is very wide because of having plenty of features and characteristics. There is various key definitions that has been provided by scholars or authors. Some of them are mentioned below: 

According to J. Batty: “Management accounting is a specific term that can be used for the purpose of describing the accounting standard, system and provision that complied with certain knowledge and capability of administration in their activity of increasing profitability and losses”.

Types of management accounting system:

Cost accounting system: It refers to an essential system that is design by business to estimate overall cost for their products in order to attain profitability, stock valuation and cost control. The primary motive behind this particular system is to control total cost which are incurred in production of product and services within Hilti GB (Salterio,  2015). It tends to measure the best possible inefficiencies of necessary modification to deal with additional cost or expenses that are incurred during the time.

Inventory management system: It is one of the key accounting system that can be useful for tracking stock levels, sales or purchase delivery record of inventory within an accounting period. It would also assist in production sector to develop a work order and other production related documents. It is all about looking always to increase efficiency that can provide constant flow of units in or out of an available stock position. There are various types of management system tools which are used to record the invoices such as LIFO, FIFO and AVCO.

Job costing system: Another important accounting system used within Hilti GB. It is basically related to assigning and accumulating production cost of single units of output produced during the period. This particular system is useful in case there are various items produced by the company and have sufficiently different from one another. It does have their own number and production date mentioned on it.

Price optimisation system: This particular model is always consists of numerical plan that is helpful for computing overall demand which can vary at several price levels. This approach allows Hilti GB Company to make use of appropriate pricing as an effective profit lever that often is underdeveloped. It can be used to tailor pricing for clients segments through simulating targeted customer responses to cost chances as per the given scenario (Hasniza Haron and et. al., 2013). By the help of this system manager can easily be able to determine overall perception of customer towards the product price which are decided by the company during the time.

1. • P2: Different kind of management accounting reporting

In accordance to examine the company’s overall position or profitability in near future time the reports must be a key aspect that is taken into account. It happens to a valuable source of business intelligence that can assist overall business leaders to make reliable and accurate decision in coming period. However, these reports are basically only as valuable aspects in work that can goes into formulating and presenting specific data that has been collected from various transactions. It has been seen that there are various sources from which data can be gathered in relation to prepare a report (Agrawal and Cooper, 2017). The primary reason of recording data into their respective format is because these reports are presented in front of various investors and stakeholders that are making specific contribution in the various projects of Hilti GB.  The data collect for these reports are taken from various statements such as profit and loss, balance sheet, changes in equity and cash flow statement. It is more complex software that enables manager to control the entire legal reporting process. The overall decision regarding the growth and sustainability of the business is relies on the financial position of the company. There are various types of management accounting reporting that is prepared by the company. Some of them are mentioned below: 

Performance report: This particular reporting system is an essential report which is based on overall performance of company. These are prepared on constant basis by the concern department that is being financed through public capital. In most of the situation, this report is based on past and previous year data that has been collected by the manager to prepare the financial statements of the company. It would be produced for every employee of an organisation or such report can assist the department to assess the overall success of any project that are planned during the period.

Inventory management report: It is an essential reporting system that is based on accurate and reliable information which will allow company to discover current trends as well as examine the positive and negative aspects. The primary ways to prepare this report is to determine opening and closing stock information that has been kept by Hilti GB in their business operation (Laine, Paranko and Suomala, 2012). There are various ways to evaluate the stock position for the company such as activity based costing, economic order quantity and stock turnover ratios. It has been seen that a perfect inventory management strategy can assist in saving time as well as cost. It can also have real time to attain monetary benefits in coming time. 

Job cost report: Another crucial reporting system that can assist as well as accumulating producing costs of individual units of results. This particular job costing is helpful in various items produced that is having sufficiently different from one other. The reports consist of specific information about each group or individual product manufactured during the time. This would support this report, it would allow certain job numbers that assigned to individual items of expenses and earning incurred during the time.

Account receivable report: It is an essential aspect that is legally enforceable claim of payment that has been held within a business for products supplied rendered that to have customer is having ordered but does not paid for that product. This report consists of specific lists of unpaid customer invoices as well as credit memo as per the mentioned date ranges. The aging report is considered as primary tool that can be used through overall collection of personnel to analyse which bill is overdue for payment. This can be helpful for internal decision making because manager can easily be able to determine total time of gaining the outstanding amount (Ismail, 2012).

Budget report: It is an essential report that is prepared for internal purpose in order to make comparison of estimated as well as budgeted projection to that with actual one. It primary reason behind using this report is to known that income and expenses information can changes on regular basis for a company. This particular report often referred to a financial report that consists of detail information about the business owner plans that are made for the future.

1. • M1: Benefits of using management accounting system

In relation to all above discussed various accounting system that are equally beneficial for an organisation in managing and recording their information into their respective statements. In accordance to cost accounting system which is used to control the additional costs those are incurred during production process, whereas inventory management system is basic tool that tends to record all stock related detail information that are sell or purchase during the time. Similarly, price optimisation is another system that is used in business to analyse the overall perception of customer toward various prices strategies those are applied for the product offered by the company to them. However, Job costing system is beneficial to determine one single unit cost that is charged by company at the time of manufacturing process.

1. • D1: Critical analysis of the management accounting system and reporting integration

In context to earn maximum profitability in near future time managers are using various tools or system that can assist towards achieving their task more effectively. In this process both system and reporting are directly relation to one other. Cost related information is recorded by using costing accounting system. This would assist in analysing the strength of the company by using performance report that has been prepared by using data from costing methods. Whereas stocks related entries are recorded by using inventory management reports and system so that chances of minimum order or level of inventories can easily be identified. Further, job cost report or systems are equally reliable in evaluating the total cost they are investing in production of each group or units.

1. • Part B
   • P3: Calculation for the given portfolios

Cost is said to be value of amount which is incurred for the getting something. It is generally done in case of monetary valuation of various departmental data. The value which is given up for assets must be related with Hilti GB engineering company products. There are various specific costing methods which are used by the company in order to analyse total net income they are earning during the time (Budding, Grossi and Tagesson, 2014). The best ways to analyse the performance by using cost benefits analysis techniques which is a right option available with organisation in terms of collecting accurate information about increase profitability. It is an essential procedure that can be helpful for the manager to determine cost of producing products in relation to deal with a business by using proper resources in various stages of manufacturing. The data which is issues through using costing method is taken into account for the purpose of attain long term objectives. Some of the vital methods which can be useful for Hilti GB company is mentioned below: 

Marginal costing: It is said to be additional cost that is incurred by company during the time of producing one extra unit with the same amount of resources. It is also known as period costing because only variable costs are taken into account and fixed cost get written off to get contribution. The reason behind consider more accurate for decision making is because of its nature as there is not any difference occurs in case of any changes in variable cost in production process.

Absorption costing: It is another valuable costing method that can be used by Hilti GB Company to calculate net profit. It is said to be full costing method because both variable and fixed cost are taken during the time of production. There is a constant chance of variation in the direct material, labour or any other overhead those are used during the time. The results are analysing on the basis of over and under absorb concept that has been computed through using production cost and closing stock information (Amoako, 2013). In some situation, company does not thing this method a valuable techniques that can help in overall decision making on the basis of profit generated by the company.

Income statement using marginal costing

Income statement using absorption costing

1. • M2: Application of management accounting techniques and financial reporting document

In relation to determine maximum profitability for the company, it is essential to make use of right accounting techniques. It can help in calculating positive outcome for the company so that chances of losses can be overcome. Some of the crucial techniques are standard costing that is associated with the company for analysing their upcoming budgets. It can be evaluated by the help of using difference amount from the standard and actual costs those are incurred during the time. Similarly, another techniques is marginal costing which is used in case of additional cost incurred by the company while production of extra units.

1. • D2: Interpret the financial data for the problem in Annex B

According to the problem number 6 of Annex B, it has been analysed that purchasing price of €7.75 and the total cost of €9.00 could be recommended as an essential element that must be brought in the business. Moreover, actual comparison among marginal cost of manufacturing and buying cost of 7.75 must be taken into account. This would indicate that this particular element must be produced instead of bought. The primary reason behind this is that fixed costs of € 175000 which is collected from the total units of 50000*3.50. According to this outcome the overall capacity will remain unused and fixed cost could not been absorbed during production process. In case, BK 200 bought, the overall earning comes down by € 112.500 that is actual difference calculated from purchasing price on the basis of marginal cost such as (7.75-5.50)*50000.

• ACTIVITY 2

1. • Part A
   • P4: Advantage and disadvantage of using planning tools to control budget

In every business organisation, it has been essential for them to make proper planning keeping in mind about the profitability and growth opportunities. Planning used to play an eminent role in overall management of organisation resources so that valuable amount of outcome can be attain in near future time. Once the strategic action is worked in financial term through a well effective budget, it could be helpful as a technique for appropriate administration of organisation resources. A budget is a necessary management tool utilize in planning, monitoring and analysing the availability of finance for Hilti GB engineering company. It is an estimation of total cost and expenses that are going to be incurred in near future (Burns, 2014). There are various key planning tools those are effectively useful in controlling budgets that are prepared by company during the time. Some of them tools are discussed below: 

Forecasting tools: This particular planning tools assist the top management of Hilti GB engineering company to cope up with every uncertainty that are going to arise in future. It is entirely based on past and current trends of data which has been recorded into their budgets. There are certain assumption that are relies on administration experience and decisions. In order to analyse the budget issues this model can be more helpful to estimate future information as a valuable function of past data.

Advantage: This particular tool is having certain benefits that provide business more crucial information that can be useful to make future decision. In most of the situation, utilisation of qualitative data has relies on overall judgement made by the concern expert. 

Disadvantage:  The one of the biggest limitation of this tool is that it is entirely relies on estimations. But because of having qualitative nature of predication a business cannot always considered as more profitable within internal growth of the company.

Scenario planning tools: It is basically termed as strategic planning tool that can be use by Hilti GB engineering company to make flexible long term plans. It is in wide areas of adaptation and simplification of techniques which is implemented in group coordinating activity. The primary requirement of this tool is to enable specific scenarios as per the market demand. There is no any doubt about companies to make use of this tool to attain certain profit in coming time.

Advantage: By the help of this planning tools manager can adapt a systematic thinking ability. It would provide a positive mechanism before occurrence of any problem in critical situation.

Disadvantage: It has been seen that in present situation, scenarios are not so clear that can create lot of burden for manager to make utilisation of techniques in right point of time. It happens to be more underscore that can be a sufficient helpful aid to deal with uncertainty.

Contingency planning tools: It is valuable course of action that has been framed to assist an organisation to respond perfectly to a valuable future activity that care going to be occurring in near future time. It works as plan B, because it could be more reliable for company as alternative action in case alternative outcome fail to disappear (Klemstine and Maher, 2014).

Advantage: It is more accurate or reliable tool because manager can use quickly to take necessary steps to deal with a problem that would stop manufacturing of products. It is more essential for a profitable business because it can be work as backup plan in some critical situation.

Disadvantage: The biggest limitation of using this planning tool is its cost and time taking ability. Along with that the employees of staffs need special training to face any urgency situation.  

1. • M3: Analyse the use of planning tools and their application

From the above two project X and Y, it has been clearly seen that project is taking 5.8 years time to recover the amount, whereas project y is taking more than 6 years to recover their 8000 amount. Thus, project X is more reliable and it should be accepted for future planning. The Forecasting planning tool has been used to determine the changes occur in two given projects. 

1. • Part B
   • P5: Comparison of how organisation using MA system to resolve financial problems

Nowadays, it has been seen that there are various kinds of financial and non-financial problems are arising within an organisation. It would directly or indirectly impact the overall performance and productivity of the company. However, it is vital for manager to make regular analysis of these issues so that it would not affect the internal strength of the company. Some of the common issues that are generally found are mentioned below: 

Cash flow issues: It has been analysed that cash issues are more common problems that are faced by most of the business organisation. Capital in more valuable aspects for any successful business without which not any firm can survive for longer period. It can basically arise because of inappropriate flow of cash in the business. In some situation such kind of problem arises because the company is not able to pay their liabilities and it becomes outstanding.

Productivity issues: Another important issue that has been faced by organisation is related with their production capacity. They do not have sufficient amount of resources and capital to manufacture products.  Because of which company cannot be able to generate reliable amount of profit during the time. It can directly impact on the goodwill of the company (Sisaye and Birnberg, 2012).

All the above mentioned financial issues can be resolve by using appropriate MA techniques those are mentioned below: 

KPI (Key performance indicators): It is known as cover sheet for any business that helps in measuring a wide range of business activities from marketing to finance. It would keep close look on the financial performance which is essential part for the company to attain long term success.

Financial governance: It is one of the crucial management techniques which are based on government regulation. The main reason behind development of this rules and regulation is to provide guidelines to smooth operating of their activities.

Comparison: 

M4: Analysis of MA in resolving financial problems

It has been analysed that in accordance to attain better future or sustainability in coming time the company need to make utilisation of right accounting system. There are various financial problems those are related with inventory, cash and profit. These all can be overcome by using Key performance indicators and setting a benchmark for future losses. Inventory management related problems can be resolve through using just-in-time methods. Every method or techniques of management accounting can lead to Hilti GB to attain better potential or growth in coming period.

1. • D3: Evaluation of planning tools for accounting to solve issues

It has also been evaluated that in order to overcome financial issues that are uncertain for the company can also be resolve by using various planning tools. Some of them are forecasting tools that is based on future budgeted risks can be helpful for manager to deal with upcoming implications. In accordance with the contingency situation a plan B must be available with the company to overcome cash related problems (Zoni, et., al., 2012). All of these are equally valuable for attaining maximum growth and sustainability for the company in near future.

• CONCLUSION

From the above project report, it has been concluded that management accounting is a key element that helps any business organisation to record and summary their everyday business transactions. However, both management accounting system and reporting can help Hilti GB Company to deal with their accounting information. Further, use of right costing methods can give positive outcome in terms of net profit to the company. It has been suggested that with the proper use of planning tools budget related issues can be reduce. Also, financial issues could also be overcome by the help of appropriate accounting system and chances of attaining sustainability can also be enhanced in near future.

• REFERENCES

Books and Journals: 

Agrawal, A. and Cooper, T., 2017. Corporate governance consequences of accounting scandals: Evidence from top management, CFO and auditor turnover. Quarterly Journal of Finance. 7(01). p.1650014.

Amoako, G.K., 2013. Accounting practices of SMEs: A case study of Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Management. 8(24). p.73.

Budding, T., Grossi, G. and Tagesson, T. eds., 2014. Public sector accounting. Routledge.

Burns, J., 2014. Qualitative management accounting research in QRAM: some reflections. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management. 11(1). pp.71-81.

Hasniza Haron, N., Kamal Abdul Rahman, I. and Smith, M., 2013. Management accounting practices and the turnaround process. Asian Review of Accounting. 21(2). pp.100-112.

Ismail, N.A., 2012. The impact of information technology on performance: The mediating role of management accounting systems. Jurnal Teknologi. 46(1). pp.27-44.

Klemstine, C. F. and Maher, M., 2014. Management Accounting Research (RLE Accounting): A Review and Annotated Bibliography. Routledge.

Laine, T., Paranko, J. and Suomala, P., 2012. Management accounting roles in supporting servitisation: Implications for decision making at multiple levels. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal. 22(3). pp.212-232.

Lim, M., 2011. Full cost accounting in solid waste management: the gap in the literature on newly industrialised countries. Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research. 9(1). p.21.

Parker, L.D., 2012. Qualitative management accounting research: Assessing deliverables and relevance. Critical perspectives on accounting. 23(1). pp.54-70.

Salterio, S.E., 2015. Barriers to knowledge creation in management accounting research. Journal of Management Accounting Research. 27(1). pp.151-170.

Sisaye, S. and Birnberg, J.G. eds., 2012. An organizational learning approach to process innovations: the extent and scope of diffusion and adoption in management accounting systems. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Van der Stede, W. A., 2015. Management accounting: Where from, where now, where to?. Journal of Management Accounting Research. 27(1). pp.171-176.

Ward, K., 2012. Strategic management accounting. Routledge.

Zoni, L., Dossi, A. and Morelli, M., 2012. Management accounting system (MAS) change: field evidence. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics. 19(1). pp.119-138.

• Appendix

1. • Working note for Absorption costing

Introduction

The paper discusses the product placement for the Milkabar, which is a chain of milkshake cafes targeted at the teenagers as well as their parents. The decision making and the strategies used by the Milkabar are also discussed. There is also a critical review of some research articles related to the topic for the better understanding. To get the depth of the topic case studies are also being discussed. The findings of these articles will also be mentioned. The challenges the company faces will also be discussed along with the controversies the business get across which operating in the market. The issues related to the product placement of the Milkashake are also to be taken care of to give the relevant information to the associates of the company.

Critical Analysis of Academic Papers

The authors (Matthes and Naderer) in their paper “Product placement disclosures: Exploring the moderating effect of placement frequency on brand responses via persuasion knowledge”, discusses the product placement of music videos. The presence of internet has made it very convenient to place the products online. The role of brands in the product placement is immense. The authors (Matthes and Naderer) found two convincing addition from their research, the investigation made the persuasion of in relation to placement of music videos. They also added how recall and recognitions are affected by the disclosures. The product placement disclosures have two important aims, they try to save the consumers from the stealthy advertisements and keep the consumer informed about the tactics of the advertisements. They also mentioned that that according to the EU compliances the companies has to disclose the product placement at the beginning and at the end of the program. The authors (Matthes and Naderer) found that subtly no knowledge can activated when audience doesn’t recognise the placement. The authors (Matthes and Naderer) also stated in relation to several studies that the view is divided about the brand memory due to the disclosure norms. But placement prominence can lead to the creation of brand memory. The authors (Matthes and Naderer) used the online survey based in the Austria. The variables used were the placement prominence and the disclosure norm.  The sample population was 527 and the respondents were engaged through music websites and the social media platforms. The survey was about 27 minutes long and the participants chosen were random. The findings of the research were as follows: there were favourable results for the effect of the disclosure on the product placement. There was no evidence or proof found for the activation of persuasion of knowledge. The attitude certainty can be found higher for the more familiar brands. The Milkashake can use the disclosures for making their brand noticeable.

The authors (High, et. Al., 2016) in their research on the Wal-Mart on the product placement discuss the product placement within a shopping complex. The research was done on the stores and the respondents were the customers of the Wal-Mart. The product placement strategies of the Wal-Mart drew people towards the stores. They were found to be very satisfied with the services. The data was collected from the surveys across several stores of the Wal-Mart. These strategies of the Wal-Mart can be applied in the context of Milkashake, to offer various discount and make the brand popular, the location strategy of the Wal-Mart can also be utilised.

The researchers (Briggs, et al, 2014) did research on the topic of the interactive product placement and its system. They mainly focused on the product placement through the videos as the medium. They found that the videos and online promotions are one o the interactive system of advertising as people find it interesting.  The data was collected on the online videos platforms. They just focused on the online videos platforms not on the social media which is growing day by day. The Milkashake have this option available for them also. They can also use the promotion techniques of this sort to make their brand popular.

The research scholars (Liu , et. Al., 2015)  focuses on the factors determining the efficacy of the social media in the product placement. The research used the two way models and questions. The questions were asked through the questionnaires through the social networking sites from the random samples. It was found that the social media plays an important role in the placement of new products for the millennial. As the brand is focused mainly on the teenagers, their connectivity on the web can be a great source of promotion for the company.

The research of the authors (Chaney, et al, 2018) was based on the product placement and the product memorisation and recall during the screening of the movies. There were several movies which were considered for the research and the advertisements at the beginning, at the intermission and at the end were considered.  It was surveyed though the audience and it was found that the beginning of the movie is the best time to place an advertisement for better brand memorisation. The Milkashake can use this technique in the movies which are for the children’s and their parents.

The researchers (Eagle and Dahl, 2018) compare the old and new media of the product placement. They tried to find out the differences on the attainment in the objectives through both the media. The surveys were carried out on random populace through the questionnaires. The findings of the papers were in favour of the new media for better product placement.  The new generation is the targeted customer base for the company; so they must use new media to reach out to the aimed public.

The authors (Chan, et. al., 2016) researched on the product placements across cultures. The research was based on the two countries sample of which one was of high assertiveness and the other was of low assertiveness. The cultural differences and the effect of product placement were examined. There were certain differences found the cultures with high assertiveness require dynamic product placement techniques. This is useful for the purpose of setting up the Milkshae cafes across different regions even within the country as the cultures are diverse.

In this study (Binder, et. al., 2019) tried to focus on the preferences and influences on the children’s eating behaviour through various interactive product placement. The children were asked about the food they like and why they like it. Most of the answers were like that they like the food which is preferred by their cartoon. The child preferences are influenced by these things. The techniques discussed in the paper are of utmost importance a for the Milkashakes they focus the kids and teenagers.

Case Study 1

Red bull is an energy drink company, based in Austria. Their product placement has been unprecedented. They targeted the sport enthusiasts through the sponsorships of the various sporting events around the word. Their sport marketing strategy has been qualified by some researchers as the best in the industry. The company integrated their advertisement strategy into the biggest extreme sporting events around the world. The sale of red bull doesn’t come from the general and super stores, but from the college parties and bars, etc. They also sponsor various events in the colleges, distributing free samples for the students. They also sponsor the music festivals which are very famous among the young generation. The produce the tag lines such as ‘Go big or go home,’ to encourage the youth which is adventurous. The focus of the Red Bull advertisement team is on the enjoyment of the audience, not on the product itself, which makes it very convenient. The tagline of Red Bull, “Gives You Wings” the youth consider it as that they are being offered freedom, the youth which strives freedom from various things and situations in life. The people at Red Bull have created a loyal fan base through their product placement. The Milkabar, can also learn from this case study of how Red bull created its loyal customer base. Their style of engaging the targeted audience is unmatchable. The targeted audience of the Milkabar is the teenagers and the parents, which they can also use to place their product through the sponsorships at the school events, at the super markets and the adventure parks. 

Case Study 2

Starbucks founded in Seattle in the USA is a chain of coffee house. The managers at the Starbucks use the strategy or technique of 4P’s that suffices the ace position of the company in the coffee chain industry. The four P’s determine the product, price promotion and placement. The managers at the Starbucks used this strategy efficiently to become the leaders and produced an example for others how effective marketing mix can be used to build a strong network of chain business and brand image. They also change their strategy according to the challenges and the competition. The systematic approach made the Starbuck a leader in the beverages industry. The location of the coffee houses is one of the major factors responsible for their growth. The Starbucks uses the strategy of premium pricing, which means that people conceives the high price with high value. With the changes in the business environment Starbucks launched its mobile app for making the experience more convenient for the customers.

Issues, controversies and challenges

The Milkashake can use the strategy of communication mix to place their product. The communication mix is the strategy used by companies to place their products for its targeted audience. The company can use various promotion techniques to promote the product like special discounts, etc. But there are some issues related to the product placements, the company need t take care of these matters. The first phase of the product design, the design should be free from issues that it should be away from the legal troubles. The distribution should also be convenient that the supply should be smooth. The company should be able to manage all the issues for better placement of the product. When there are issues related to the any part of the product placement would create the trouble for the company. As the company is planning to open 25 stores, they should get the favourable location, which can attract its targeted customers. The supply to these stores should also be convenient as it’s among the most important issues. 

The businesses also confronts controversies, they should be stay away from these as these controversies degrades the image of the business. The company can face controversies related to the milkshakes content as they have high sugar content. The controversies can also arise from the advertisements which some people can found provocative; this can cause the loss of sales or negative image for the company. The company should manage the standards of the items according to the compliance of the food and safety standards of the country. The company should take care of laws and compliance from the legal experts to stay away from the controversies as the negative branding would create a bad message for the customers. The use of ingredients should be to the levels as prescribed by the food standards in the country.

The company has the first challenge of the costing to compete its competitors. The other challenge is to create the awareness about the products to its targeted customers. The customers are the ones the product is designed for. The targeted customers are the teenagers and the parents, so product and the ambience of the cafe should be designed to suit them. The location should be where their reach is easy. The challenge is to establish the brand which becomes a household name with the use of taglines as used by the Red Bull to make the brand of eminence.

Conclusion and Recommendations

The report has analysed the product placement with the use of academic resources and their findings were discussed. There results were in favour of the practices to be used by the Milkashake, to place its product. The case study of the energy drink giant Red Bull was discussed to give the preview of the strategies which Milkashake can get information to its own benefits. The challenges were also discussed which the company faces in this intense competitive business environment. The issues with the product placement were also elaborated along with the controversies the company might face, and the measures to tackle those controversies were also elaborated.

The Junior Marketing Manager get to across various companies and read their case studies. From his experience through this period of the research, it is recommended, the Marketing Manager should design the ambience of the cafe which should attract the teenagers and there should be a separate section for the parents who if wants can sit there. There should be a tagline that should be an appealing one, which attracts the teenager and that they should relate themselves to it. The company should run sponsorship campaigns to create the awareness about the brand, they should engage in the events where the teenagers usually go. The menu should have some catchy names some can be named after the superheroes or the fairy characters which the teens find appealing. The wifi facility is also a must have as the youth is very much socially connect every time. There is one thing that can give us an advantage over the other, by putting sugar free shakes in our menu for the health concerned customers. There should be a period of loyalty rewards to build a loyal and satisfied customer base. The one of the most important tool is the feedback system; there should be a system to ask the customer about the satisfaction of the services offered by the company.  These things should be put forth as my observation, they will improve our business.

References

Binder, A., Naderer, B. and Matthes, J., 2019. Do children’s food choices go with the crowd? Effects of majority and minority peer cues shown within an audiovisual cartoon on children’s healthy food choice. Social Science & Medicine, 225, pp.42-50.

Briggs, C., McBurnett, H., Galindo, D. and Knuth, F., Cinsay Inc, 2014. Interactive product placement system and method therefor. U.S. Patent 8,893,173.

Chan, F.F.Y., Petrovici, D. and Lowe, B., 2016. Antecedents of product placement effectiveness across cultures. International Marketing Review, 33(1), pp.5-24.

Chaney, I., Hosany, S., Wu, M.S.S., Chen, C.H.S. and Nguyen, B., 2018. Size does matter: Effects of in-game advertising stimuli on brand recall and brand recognition

Eagle, L. and Dahl, S., 2018. Product placement in old and new media: examining the evidence for concern. Journal of Business Ethics, 147(3), pp.605-618.

High, D.R., Chakrobartty, S. and Taylor, R.C., Walmart Inc, 2016. Apparatus and method of monitoring product placement within a shopping facility. U.S. Patent Application 15/061,265.

Liu, S.H., Chou, C.H. and Liao, H.L., 2015. An exploratory study of product placement in social media. Internet Research, 25(2), pp.300-316.

Matthes, J. and Naderer, B., 2016. Product placement disclosures: Exploring the moderating effect of placement frequency on brand responses via persuasion knowledge. International Journal of Advertising, 35(2), pp.185-199.

Robson, K. and Pitt, L., 2018. People of walmart: Targeting the world’s largest retailer and its customers. SAGE Publications: SAGE Business Cases Originals.

Venkatesan, R., 2017. Executing on a customer engagement strategy.

Reflective Statement

I get the understanding of the product placement through various articles and the books. I read about the topic in depth from the books related to the topic and the research papers, which helped me a lot while writing this paper, these were the sources I used while writing this paper.  The key wors used by me for finding the relevant research articles were the product, placement and also checked the credibility of the source through the citations.I did a thorough analysis of the papers notes the important information through them and also analysed them critically which is reflected in this paper of mine. I also read several case studies about the companies which has been successful in placing their product in the marketplace. The most astonishing and amazing case study were of the Red Bull Corporation, how it gained market through various unprecedented techniques of marketing. This was a great learning experience in this field of study and knowing how the good placement of products can take the business towards the highs. The learning about the controversies the companies faces and the challenges were a difficult task to access. I enjoyed being reflecting the role of the Junior Marketing Manager and put forward recommendations from my understanding.

Introduction

Marketing refers to the activity in which the company develops plans as well as strategies to promote the services and products. Marketing is an essential element and plays an important role in the development of the business. Face to face marketing is the process in which the company promotes its services and products through verbal interactions. The marketing skills and techniques are used by the salesperson to increase the sales of the company. Whereas, virtual marketing is the marketing technique in which the company makes use of online sources for promoting the services and products. Teams working in different places will find virtual marketing much more effective than virtual marketing. 

Virtual Marketing (For)

The Marketing Director of the organisation should plan to build a team which involves in virtual marketing method. In today’s business era, virtual marketing is the most common method of promoting the products of the company in comparison to the face to face marketing. Virtual marketing includes a well-developed structure and strategies of promotion. It includes the development of the social networks which helps the company to spread as much information about the product and also reach out to a large number of customers. it becomes easier for the company to share the product related information and also the information regarding the company (Khaneja, 2016). Marketing through online modes reduces the cost and expenses of the company. This helps the company to reduce the investment and also create an international reach. Being the marketing manager, I find virtual marketing as an asset for the ABC Company.

(Source: Cartwright, 2018)

According to Fraile, 2019, Virtual marketing helps the customers and the audience to interact with the company and also view their developed image in the market. Awareness about the products and other related elements is possible through virtual marketing on a regular basis at every location including Melbourne. Nowadays, the development of the apps has helped the companies to make it easier for the customers and the audience to reach out to the wide variety of the products offered by them. Virtual marketing helps to create a brand image of the company on a global level. For example, the positive comments and insights of the customers on the online sites helps the company to influence the buyer behavior and target a large number of customers in the market (Fraile, 2019). According to me, reaching out customers becomes easier with the help of virtual marketing.

Virtual Marketing (Against)

Virtual marketing can be less effective in some cases in comparison to the face to face marketing. As the internet and related devices are used by almost all the customers and audience, there are some regions and areas where reaching out the audience is possible through face to face interaction.  It can create certain problems and issues for the company if the content of advertising is not much relevant. The negative comments of the customers can create a bad image of the company and can create a heavy loss to the business. The thinking of the customers sometimes is that what is shown over the online sources will not be the same which they would receive (Bostanshirin, 2014). Virtual marketing is not much effective in case of analyzing the preferences of the customers. Verbal interactions i.e. face to face communications helps the company to analyze the preferences and choices of the customers and gain their reviews over the product. I find that virtual marketing has some disadvantages in comparison to face to face interaction with the public. 

Counter-Argument and Rebuttal

Being the marketing manager of the company, plans should be structured and developed in such a way that it focuses on face to face communications with the customers as well as on virtual marketing. This will help the ABC Company in reaching out a maximum number of people and increase their sales through effective marketing.  In the words of Bala, & Verma, (2018), Both the methods are effective and should be equally focused on, but it is noticed that the benefits of virtual marketing are more than that of the face to face interactions with the audience. Combination of both methods would be beneficial for the company. There are some areas in which face to face marketing of the products is not easier, in such case virtual marketing enables the company to communicate with the customers and the audience. Virtual marketing is one of the beneficial and smart ways of advertising the products and benefits the company to a great extent (Bala, & Verma, 2018). 

Conclusion

From the report, it has been concluded that virtual marketing is more beneficial than the face to face marketing. Virtual marketing helps the company to reach out to a large number of customers and is a time-saving method of marketing the products. Whereas, face to face marketing is the old method of marketing, but is more time consuming and even costly method of marketing. Teams working in Melbourne, Shanghai, Los Angeles, and Banglore should initiate steps for marketing the products virtually as it is much effective way to promote the products of the company.  

References

• Bala, M., & Verma, D., 2018. A critical review of digital marketing. [Online] ResearchGate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328253026_A_Critical_Review_of_Digital_Marketing. [Accessed: 11 April 2019]

• • Bostanshirin, S., 2014. Online marketing: challenges and opportunities. Proceedings of Socioint14-International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities. pp. 783-789.
  • Cartwright, H., 2018. The Winning Formula For Successful Digital Marketing in 2018. [Online] Multi Channel merchant. Available at: https://multichannelmerchant.com/blog/the-winning-formula-for-successful-digital-marketing-in-2018/. [Accessed: 11 April 2019]

• Fraile, A., 2019. What is viral marketing? Advantages and examples. [Online] Cyberclick. Available at: https://www.cyberclick.es/numericalblogen/what-is-viral-marketing-advantages-and-examples. [Accessed: 11 April 2019]

• Khaneja, S., 2016. Viral Marketing: A magic wand to Success. GE-International Journal of Management Research. Vol. 4, No. 7, pp. 95-106.

Introduction

Management accounting within the business is needed to implement numerous accounting ways to work the operations correct manner. This report focuses on the analysis of management accounting ways that are applicable for the business operations. The report explains edges and disadvantages of the assorted designing ways applied for monetary fund management. Additionally to the present, the report conjointly recommend by which a company will create the employment of explained ways so monetary issues are often managed. During this manner, numerous ways of company accounting are explained that are are useful in coping with economic issues.

LO3

P4

The advantages and downsides of designing techniques used for monetary fund management is as follows-
Advantages

• Budgeting: The particular amount money to pay premiums within the same months to manage their financial gain they are gift to verify and to pay their bills frequently i.e., monthly they are prepared for these payments.
• Worth Setting: Market things like your enemies costs aren’t the alone limits they want to line their fees, costs and prices. They desires to inform their production and overhead prices before you set your rates (Cooper. et., al, 2017). A budget permits them to endeavor their service, health care, marketing, rent, wages, debt charges and various costs so they are going to be ready to learn existence worth per unit of constructing their product or delivering their service. Once you acknowledge this, they are going to be ready to set their prices to create the profit they might like.
• Capital and Credit procural: Few deals capitalists, banks, dealers or various house owners will offer them with money or trust unless they need got cash inquiry to gauge they are a going interest (Abdelmoneim  & Jones, 2014).

Disadvantages 

• The character of the account is numeric, so it tends to focus government attention on the quantitative ways of an employment. In reality, customers don’t care exercise the profits of a business. 
• Blame for results: If the agency does not bring home the bacon its accounted results, the agency controller may action on the opposite agency that offers services to that for not having fully supported is agency (Turner &  Guilding, 2012).
• Expense allotment: The budget may impose that positive amounts of overhead costs are assigned to varied departments, and so the controllers of those agencies may trouble the allotment ways in which used.
• Time needed: The time exercised is lesser if there is a well constructed accounting method in place, employees equal half awake to the strategy, and so the organization uses accounting package (Turner &  Guilding, 2012).

M3 

Planning tools

1. Budgeting

When they have selected what their possible planning involves, they should prefer how these plans are to be sustained (Paulsson, 2012). Understanding of a monetary arrangement is a basic device in guaranteeing that they stay answerable for your operating cost 

• Calculating assets 
• Affirming that approved achievement can in reality be finance. 
• Settling on capital related options in a knowledgeable and very much skilled way. 
• Recognizing regions of possible problem and manufacture planning for same.
• Calculating implementation to date beside pre-arranged limit (Cooper. et., al, 2017).

The character of data given by a monetary plan is balanced to the effort that has been put reserves into it. A financial arrangement on the off possibility that it is to be flourishing should determine the agreement among calculating in somewhat slack to take into explanation unpredicted occasions, while in the interim individual regions in which operating cost can be cut. 

2. Cash Flow Forecasting 

While arrangement is a helpful apparatus for organizing purposes, a Cash Flow Forecast is increasingly perceptive by its very character. It helps the capitalist in unique summits and channels in depository account. A revenue measure will assist with recognizing the requirement in which growth is to be supervises. The revenue estimate is characteristic in character and will help with casting feasible preparations by distinguish regions, for example, Financing fundamentals, Zones of price that should be looked into, Provider conditions that should be renegotiated (Abdelmoneim  & Jones, 2014).

Applications

• Assess Accuracy of a Forecast: Precision of the estimate is urgent for basic leadership and distributing assets for a specific task. Distinctive sorts of estimating strategies give diverse dimension of certainty interim and the administration needs to determine whether the utilization of anticipating strategy is fitting for that specific result. 
• Money saving advantage Analysis: All in all, if more exertion and assets are placed in, the figure will be increasingly precise. Anyway the cost engaged with going for a complex conjecture should be endorsed given the imperative of assets. 
• Timetables of Forecasting: Timetables for figure (choice to make a 5-year estimate or a 10-year measure) is an urgent factor in landing at the exactness of conjecture (Turner & Guilding, 2012). Be that as it may, there is a tradeoff of measure of information included and expanding courses of events, which should be deiced before beginning the determining procedure. 

D3

Findings of the report

Financial analysis is a very important step, whereas considering an organization’s investment perspective. It is a method of ratio between numerous products in monetary statements. Ratios are classified as advantageous ratios, liquidity ratios, plus utilization ratios, leverage ratios and assessment ratios supported the suggestion they supply. A stability sheet, earning declaration is the foremost essential financial declaration and if properly examined and taken will offers precious visions into an organizations employment (Belfo & Trigo, 2013).

Financial Proportions are usually employed by at this time and capable investors, creditors and financial establishments to judge an organization past achieve spot fashions in a very employment and to match its progress with the common company progress (Abdelmoneim & Jones, 2014). Internally, the controller uses these ratios to watch progress and to line specific aims, objectives, and policy actions.

LO4

P5

Key-performance indicators
KPI stands for the set of some standardized parameters that must be adopted by a company compare the inner performance against applied individual standards. As an associate degree example, most accepted level of short liquidity is 2:1 and, an enterprise can compare liquidity of business against this applied commonplace to analysis the areas of problems. 
Through the applying of KPI’s, structural performance is measured against applicable standards (Belfo & Trigo, 2013). It will facilitate identifying the problem containing areas that need improvement. Once the identification of such areas, associate degree economical strategy is made and enforced by management to urge eliminate cash issues and insure property growth.

Benchmarking
This term stands for the tactic that’s expounded to comparison among industry-based-standardized-values and aftereffect of business operations, as an associate degree example, eighteen net profit is assumed higher in Retail market trade of the United Kingdom, so a company is that’s gaining profits eighteen or lots of are assumed smart whereas a corporation that’s not generating profits as per trade commonplace are assumed, low entertainer. Through the applying of benchmarking, a business can improve the internal performance level up to trade parameters to insure sensible profits and enlargement (Cooper. et., al, 2017).

Financial governance
Financial governance is associate in nursing indicator of those moral rules that unit needed to be applied terribly very business corporation to insure security from dirt that may occur due to non-presence of ethical arrangements. Actually, losses from stealing or fraud unit one the key issue for the money problems in business and thus the adoption of economic governance creates Associate in Nursing surroundings of ethics in operation. Also, it ends up within the establishment of sound internal controls in structure, procedures that stops the entity from capital losses (Paulsson, 2012).

M4

 Management accounting have basic objective to produce the management for deciding purpose. As merely simply just in case of economic issues, management wants the knowledge relating to increasing. There are a unit type of corporations have the skills to satisfy these challenges and to contend in a very property economy in step with the Environmental Management and Assessment Institute. The Management Report stands to purpose what vary business entities have disappeared into valuable intelligence and analysis by failing to appreciate trait capabilities. This involves the utilization atmosphere for impact and analysis and news on the impact of environmental and economical factors on employment progress. Throughout this case, the senior respondent may have data on this type of knowledge (Belfo & Trigo, 2013). However, there unit of activity indications that it begins to vary, and predicts fraction of the calculable expected growth at intervals subsequent 2 years for environmental and social information. The financial gain forecasts will facilitate predicts forthcoming money shortages to assist them turn out the proper decisions. It will facilitate in tax preparation, developing with new instrumentation purchases or distinctive if they may would like to secure barely business loans (Brooks & Mukherjee, 2013).

Conclusion

From the above discussion, it is known that unethical operating of workers, low performance of employees and inefficient investment coming up with are major factors for the money problems in business entities and, it may be removed through the applying of management accounting tools. Findings of debate are enough to bring to a close that the employment of management register is extremely helpful for business firms within the consummation of targets.

References

Cooper, D.J., Ezzamel, M. and Qu, S.Q., 2017. Popularizing a management accounting idea: The case of the balanced scorecard. Contemporary Accounting Research, 34(2), pp.991-1025.

Abdelmoneim Mohamed, A. and Jones, T., 2014. Relationship between strategic management accounting techniques and profitability–a proposed model. Measuring Business Excellence, 18(3), pp.1-22.

Turner, M.J. and Guilding, C., 2012. Factors affecting biasing of capital budgeting cash flow forecasts: evidence from the hotel industry. Accounting and Business Research, 42(5), pp.519-545.

Belfo, F. and Trigo, A., 2013. Accounting information systems: Tradition and future directions. Procedia Technology, 9, pp.536-546.

Brooks, R. and Mukherjee, A.K., 2013. Financial management: core concepts. Pearson.

Paulsson, G., 2012. The role of management accountants in new public management. Financial Accountability & Management, 28(4), pp.378-394.

Introduction 

In this report, it will talk about Eco-Fone cell phones. The organization is selling cell phones and embellishments with the two shops, one in Putney and another in Richmond. In current situation the PDAs is extremely helpful for the general population in an each field of work. The association is likewise working in the new market then they will satisfy the study and see all the criticism and make the procedures for the association.

Task 1 

In The United Kingdom cell phones are having an extraordinary market with cutting edge highlights. In the current situation, cell phones are having the most extreme number of requirements. In Deloitte, the cell phones have 3393 clients utilizing and standard cell phone has 732 clients in three months, in this value, there has a most extreme contrast with both of classification. In the Deloitte day by day cell phones is expanding step by step in products that of different gadgets, for example, 10% of the UK grown-ups are utilizing the e-reader every day (31% is utilizing the age of 18-75-year-olds) (Berenguer et. Al., 2017).

Question: Thinking of when you last used each device. Was it within the..?

As per the chart the cell phones are on the best and the 91% open of the UK is utilizing in every day schedule work. In the cell phones has not having the segment of never gather in this chart (Leme et. Al., 2015).

The UK open is having extensive number of clients, the cell phones are helping in every day schedule work that is the reason it is utilizing to an ever increasing extent. The proportion is expanding a result of the advanced mobile phones refreshing with the need of client(Rennhoff & Routon, 2016). Cell phones are doing work in simple ways.

Task-2

According to the direct condition of the present position, the cell phones are performing admirably. (Leme et. Al., 2015). PC is in best in 2012 and the cell phones as went ahead the 2012 and all the open is instructed what’s more, the cell phones have basically propelled for the 18-multi year. The cell phone as go out the workstation in 2016, the PC is principally utilized for office reason and the cell phones with respect to all the individual open on the planet. The table has the fundamental focus for the adolescents, it is, additionally utilized for the workplace. The tablet has likewise accomplished in 2012-2014 and afterward after the tablet has stalled out in the market. (Berenguer et. Al., 2017). The cell phones are constantly expanding a direct result of the time sparing, all the work is finished by the smart phones, it spares time.

Task-3

According to the Kelvin, cell phones are having an incredible market in the UK in the age of 55-75-year¬olds is utilizing cell phones with 71%. The advanced cell is having extraordinary highlights and they are on the whole ideal with every one of the requirements. Over the most recent multi year, the age gather has picked the most astounding or quicker appropriation rate. The cell-phones are utilizing by the upper age amass more than the more youthful individuals of the UK open. The individual who is utilizing the cell phones they check in at regular intervals. Every one of the grown-ups are utilizing facebook up to 70% of general society and all the 70% open having a record with facebook. (Gumbel, 2012) The rate has accompanied the last examination in the May and June of 1163 people groups. Deloitte suggested that high society open is utilizing cell phones than normal people groups will be a piece of premium handsets. The developing quantities of clients are in smart phones they all work done in the cell phones.

Task-4

Each association has an upside’s and downsides of system that needs to recognize and investigation of the professionals what’s more, cons. Each technique has a genius or favorable position and cons or hindrance, make the choices for utilizing the systems to get the best outcome for the association. According to the above advantages and disadvantages, the geniuses are in high that can be fit for the association. In the new market that is Kingstone, the association needs to do the full research and do the review with the general population. The association will entryway more benefit in the new market that can satisfy with the showcasing and imaginative methodology with offers. ( Authority, 2015).The association needs to contemplate the SWOT examination of the whole contender and with self and afterward it will help with the clients. See every one of the necessities of the client, and at that point make the powerful procedure to accomplish the whole objective with a productive way. The administration needs to work legitimately with the ideal head; the administration is having the appropriate segmentation work with the group. In the new market has an alternate culture of conduct the items need to deal with the need.

Task-5

A). Calculation of monthly cost.

B). Commercial Mortgage lenders in the United Kingdom.

The Royal bank of Scotland is the money bank in Scotland, it is giving the scope of items that are appended to the administration’s ventures fund ensure scheme. The illustrious bank has a proper plan for the client with their necessities, for example, client need non-account alternatives then the bank is giving that kind of thing ( Authority, 2015).

Together is the business contracts, that having the scope of client conditions and the association is having the numerous property types. The client has the decision to pick the obtaining against the properties with the field of the work. The association is rigid in nature.

The Nat West is the business contracts association. The association is giving the most astounding time of the credit to satisfy the borrowings. There has the reimbursements framework in the fixed and variable rates with possess conditions (Karcz, 2014).

The THINK business advances are likewise business contracts, this is the master in business contracts. The rate of premium is least in the market contrasted and all the association.

Task-6

Two-tailed Z test

Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis = 0.05>H0<0_05 

Information’s given

Formula:

z=x1–x212n1+22n2

According to the report, the invalid speculation is rejected with the above arrangement so the two shops are not occurring in the field of the theory. The Z test is getting the 1.4142 this can be appeared in the z table that is 0.158. The invalid theory that given the fat rate is 15% and the populace implies is not the same as the 15%. After that get choice rejected (Leech et. Al., 2013).

Task-7

Question 1 Last time usage.

Question2. How long mobile used.

Question3A. Service and support of mobile phones

Question3B. Product and services

Question3C. Sales Staff

Question3D Price and value of smartphones

Question4 Satisfied from services

Question5 Did they want to continue

Question6. Any recommendations for products

Mean

Mean is additionally called the scientific desire, which implies the normal esteem discrete arrangement of numbers. It implies the mean is entirety of all qualities is isolated by number of esteems. The math mean is the arrangement of all numbers is named by the qualities (Gumbel, 2012). The information will be in the perception acquired by determination since the factual way.

Formula:

Mean of Grouped Data

x= fxn

where,   x= mean

f = frequency of each class

x= mid interval value of each class

n= total frequency (Maklan et. Al., 2017)

fx = sum of the product of mid interval values and their corresponding frequency

Task- 8 

According to the situation, the Poisson dissemination is reasonable for the situation on account of Poisson conveyance is the unmistakable shot spreading of the errand or occasion happening in the path in a given period. It for the most part examined for the Poisson appropriation as an essential factor for the binomial dispersion, the odds of thing is without question yet the likelihood is short of what it is fit for the situation ( Hong, 2013).

Formula:

Px,μ=(e-μ)(x)xǃ

Given Information

X — Number of actual occurrence – 3

µ— Average number of success – 2 

e – – 2.71828

Poison probability= (2.71828-2) (23) / 3!

Poison Probability = (0.13534) (8)/6

Poison probability = 0.1 80

The administration needs to pick the Poisson dissemination in light of the fact that the Poisson can be utilized in the minimum cases in the event that the odds are in less alternative, at that point the Poisson conveyance will be utilized and afterward in this, the Poisson dispersion is having three choice then it will pick one of them. 

The Poisson dispersion gets the likelihood of event of an occasion is 0.180. The administration has a decision that can utilize the Poisson circulation for the best arrangement. The association is getting the solicitations in reverse for quality affirmation, which is under half is 0.180.  On the particular time, in the expansive populace of cells will get a transformation in this the likelihood with an individual cell (Chatfield,2018).

Task-9  

References

Leme, D.M., Oliveira, G.A.R.D., Meireles, G., Brito, L.B., Rodrigues, L.D.B. and Palma de Oliveira, D., 2015. Eco-and genotoxicological assessments of two reactive textile dyes. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 78(5), pp.287-300. 

Leech, N., Barrett, K. and Morgan, G.A., 2013. SPSS for intermediate statistics: Use and interpretation. Routledge. 

Gumbel, E.J., 2012. Statistics of extremes. Courier Corporation. 

Maklan, S., Antonetti, P. and Whitty, S., 2017. A better way to manage customer experience: Lessons from the royal bank of Scotland. California Management Review, 59(2), pp.92-115. 

Authority, F.C., 2015. FCA Fines RBS and NatWest for Failures in Mortgage Advice Process. London: FCA.[Online] Available at: https://fca. org. uk/news/fca-fines-rbs-and-natwest-for-failures-in-mortgage-advice-process. Accessed, 11. 

Karcz, J., 2014. New forms of employment in the logistics industry. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 9, pp.84-95.

Chatfield, C., 2018. Statistics for technology: a course in applied statistics. Routledge.

Hong, Y., 2013. On computing the distribution function for the Poisson binomial distribution. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 59, pp.41-51.

Berenguer, A., Goncalves, J., Hosio, S., Ferreira, D., Anagnostopoulos, T. and Kostakos, V., 2017. Are Smartphones Ubiquitous?: An in-depth survey of smartphone adoption by seniors. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 6(1), pp.104-110.

Rennhoff, A.D. and Routon, P.W., 2016. Can you hear me now? The rise of smartphones and their welfare effects. Telecommunications Policy, 40(1), pp.39-51.

Task-10

In the above assignment, the organization Eco-Fone cell phones sell cell phones and in the present year, the cell phones are at the highest point of the area. In this report had a correlation with the PCs, smart phones and tablets on that circumstance the cell phones is additionally on the best. In the article has given by Kelvin they state that in the UK open is utilizing the cell phones in 55-multi year old. For selling the items in the new market, for the accomplishment of objective the organization had done the review.

Executive Summary

In this report, we investigate EasyJet utilizing PESTEL to pick up a top to bottom comprehension of the large scale condition and the impacts it’s been having on EasyJet activities.An EasyJet pestle investigation uncovers various genuine dangers exuding from its industry condition in the UK and EU including Brexit, negative cash developments, rising work costs and numerous others which will be definite in the report. This report will also give a definite investigation of EasyJet’s present corporate evaluation or SWOT examination. This will distinguish its strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Next, we will utilize Porter’s Five Forces investigation of the business and the expanding risk of other minimal effort bearers. Be that as it may, nature can be a wellspring of chances once a firm such like EasyJet distinguishes key drivers of progress in the carrier business, which may move toward becoming wellsprings of a future upper hand. 

Introduction

The EasyJet is a British aeroplane transporter that endeavours on an ease show, established at London Luton aeroplane terminal. It is the largest aeroplane transporter in the UK by tourists figure transport.EasyJet is likewise Europe’s driving minimal effort aircraft having finished a merger manage to go to make Europe’s main ease carrier. Brand Awareness is another quality that is inferable from the organization. In November 1999, chose as a business super brand by the Super Brand Council, perceiving EasyJet as an exceptional brand name. The organization’s online booking office in October 1999 helped Internet deals to pass the one million imprints. This has to lead to EasyJet clients getting a charge out of ‘ Ticketless travel’ – this diminishes the expense of issuing, circulation, preparing and accommodating tickets. EasyJet additionally appreciates inside qualities in its tasks regarding proficient utilization of air terminals by decreasing reverses to 30 minutes and below. EasyJet can practice supplementary focal points on the big repetition courses. In 2016, it reverses in the balance of 73 million tourists, building it the second biggest aircraft transporter in Europe by tourists figure transport, behind Ryanair (Year-end Report 2016). Passengers flow in the year ended 2018 were 88,454,611. Most current earnings for the year finishing 30th September 2018 exists £5,898 million on employed profit of £592 million (2018) and net income of £358 million (2018) (Annual Report 2018).

Section 1

Question 1A commentary and analysis based on the wider ‘macro’ UK and European environmental setting which potentially impacts on the performance and strategic actions of Easy Jet. The requirement will be here for structure your commentary and analysis applying a PESTEL framework.

The PESTEL is an imperative system promoted by associations to evaluate the outer situations in which they work. Alteration in the full-scale situations can show open doors for evolution and market development however they can likewise be destructive for associations. Such changes can be political, monetary, social, innovative, natural or legitimate. This will indicate how it’s fundamentally critical for EasyJet that vital union, estimate and mechanical advancement have on its productivity.

1. Political variables: There are some of the political factors that could influence Easy jet that comprises menace of war in Middle-East. Through the increasing fuel cost, this could influence the business of Easy Jet. This menace of war causes a security problem for all tourists and also causes allowance cost to rise and the airline company altogether. Due to European Union East increases, the tourist’s quantity also increases which gives entry towards the practical new market. Although competing with the other competitors in the market, the policy of air miles is not taken to chargeable by the government as like as the industry vehicles are payable. Political balance and army attack risks also occur (Lange, et. al., 2015). The pricing rules and the compulsory employee benefits, product labelling and the level of dishonesty are also the main political factors.
2. Economic variables: These are some economic factors that influence rising in fuel prices costs. There is one main reason which influences these economic factors is the recession in the Easy jet. Due to a recession, fewer business tourists are travelling to downfall the quantity of sending amount. It takes up to last extend in the time. The globalization is also another factor influencing which build up the air traffic as lifelong. The appearance of a particular currency in Europe becomes much consolidated which brings more concern to Easy Jet.
3. Social variables: Nowadays, people travel mostly for holidays and business travels. One of the social factors that affect the working operations of Easy jet is that the company sells the tickets through the internet and cell phones but the tourists from the French and German are not able to buy these tickets because they did not use their credit cards by the internet or cell phones. Some of the peoples are able and not afraid to buy for cheaper flights which are the factor that provides to their operation (Hedmer, et. al., 2014).
4. Technological variables: The technological progress is the main technological factor that provides to Easy jet’s operation. They are implementing this into their self in the systems for making the ticket bookings more active and adequate. The company has to be advanced on the technological improvements as aircraft constructing and e-commerce related services so that the company can achieve a profit and competitive benefit. The use of the internet on allocation and collaboration form joined industries may help in neutralizing prices and costs for the technological environment which is changing rapidly in the Easy jet.
5. Environmental variables: If the company is entering in the new market, it will able to find the environmental factors which are used to work in the market like the climatic conditions, change in weather, legislation regulating the environment, supporting towards renewable energy, waste management techniques and the air and water pollution rules. 
6. Legal variables: While entering in the new marketing world the Easy jet company should aware of the legal factors like antitrust laws, copyrights of the patents done, protection of the data, safety and the health rules, injustice laws etc. If the company does not take actions about these factors than the secrets of the company can be stolen by its competition in the market (Tckhakaia, et. al., 2015).

Section 2

Question 2 A commentary and analysis of the microenvironment (i.e., industry) within which the company operates. The requirement here will be to structure your commentary and analysis through applying the Five Forces framework to assess the attractiveness of the industry to inform business strategy development.

An aggressive analysis of EasyJet will be depicted by the Porter’s Five Force Model, as this model is used for industry analysis. Porter’s model implies that risk-adapted ratio of return has to attempt and hold the same all over companies and management. Somehow studies have proved that advantage can be extended by various organizations with the industry structure, by which they are described (O’Connor, et. al., 2017). This model was established as a framework by Michael Porter which, engraving these companies by these five forces, although in order to attain and manage the aggressive advantage upon rivals. The EasyJet avails this model to figure out the problem and plan of the company in which they conduct.

There are these Porter’s Five Forces Models which are required for the analysis of the company business and profits:-

Bargaining Power of Suppliers:

The bargaining capability of suppliers declines below a balanced to a huge scale, as in view there are only two aeroplane suppliers the Boeing and Airbus. The exchange for aeroplanes is reserved by these two suppliers. If they decide to buy the new aircraft, they had to buy with that supplier only if they switch them to the other supplier as the thought of the bargaining; they have to pay much more as the cost of aircraft is very expensive at the other supplier. These costs are higher after switching from the supplier on account of the counselling pilots in the airlines and mechanics, ahead of rescheduling the overall supply chain for extra unit. Airports are another crucial set of suppliers, like some of the efforts to neglect high charges from huge airports, Anyhow, Easy Jetsdepend on bigger airports and main focal points to attempt and lessen their prices by flying at remote maximum times (Mills, 2017).

Bargaining Power of Buyers:

The bargaining capability of consumers/buyers declines over a medium to high scale along with the market, because as there are mostly airlines feasible for the consumers to select from and tourists will every time buy from that places where bargaining is easier. Theconsumers are the key source of gain for EasyJet so that the most passengers not decide to make the tickets booked for them and take off with EasyJet, it will be a great threat to the company because the consumers are buying the tickets from the competitors (Goodall & Ashworth, 2013). EasyJet established a website which is named as Right Now Service around every one of its European websites, which is used to make communication growth between the consumers and company. With this method of website making, the consumers are capable to ask the questions and give their feedbacks and solved their problems with the customer services applicable to it. Easy Jets lesser prices are the effective sword for the company so this helps in building up the consumers mind as they don’t want the other companies for travel. With the new pricing and booking schemes from the company as the customers who will buy tickets earlier, they have to pay the less amount of money for their bookings like as first come first serve criteria.

The threat of New Entrants/Barriers to Entry:

The threat of new up comings into the market is very short. The starting costs for coming in the new marketing world of the airlines is very higher which needs lots of money to invest and needs a large number of aircraft and the maintenance tools and facilities along with the promoting teams and operations (Uttley, 2014). If a new bearer taken decision to arrive in the market and take off on actual ways, a financial values conflict must be settled down urgently and would have an abundant bundle on benefits.

The threat of Substitute:

The threats of substitutes are medium to low in the airline industry. On account of below-cost airlines are indicated to be rapid travelling with low prices, so that any of the airline or the competitor will compete with their prices and the timings of the airlines which will become a great threat for Easy Jet (Klophaus, et. al., 2012). An illustration of a big exchange threat for EasyJet causes the train arrangement which is exactly linked, rapid and economical form of shipment that covers up whole of Europe, for example Euro star. One benefit of the railways is that passengers can enjoy the environment but railway travelling is very time absorbing.

Rivalry among competitors: moderate

The airlines performing in the market requires to contain low pricing methods adequate to be successful. As a result, the competition is examined as high to medium levels in the industry. Due to some performing in Europe and which proposal European broad flights, they are the explicit competition with one another (Lange, et. al., 2015). In spite of, there are a number of local airlines that challenges only in their self-market divisions. New concepts and increase in operations could comfortably be reproduced by competitors owing to the various airlines within the company. EasyJet is observing to be the biggest in the UK and the fifth largest between the European airlines as they are travelling many passengers, which give a fair warning of their powerful competitive ability in comparison to the rivals of the airline industries. Competition along with the industry is taken to be very huge as the consumers every time have the selected choice of the below cost procedures.

Section 3

Question 3 from the commentary developed in your situation analysis in 1 and 2 above, identify a series of a) potential scenario based on SWOT analysis and b) generic strategic recommendations for the company.

• SWOT Analysis

The SWOT analysis gives a fact of existence on Easy Jet’s internal and external problems and executions which are as follows:

Strength: Easy jet exceptional network in Europe. It becomes the second largest airline industry in Europe in which the tourists travelling are 73 million in numbers. It gains its position as number 1 brand in the United Kingdom. Although it also builds up the place number 1 and 2 in the Switzerland & France comparatively, where it knocked into prosperous markets and the people with an inclination to travel for both holidays and business purposes (Canelas & Ramos, 2016). The revenue growth will also be increasing rapidly. The use of finance will be analytical. The low-cost models assist the progress with strong balance sheets. Easy jet less price model is sanctioning to acquire market share as heritage carriers economize dominant ability or relocate it to less cost branch.

Weakness: The Easy jet has a slightest worldwide existing. The airline steadily focuses on the European precise drag market at an initial level in Western and Northern Europe and it does not take any benefit of central Europe or Asia (Florio, 2013). Due to Brexits, EasyJet visits defenceless opposite to EU guidelines that need carriers working with extensive intra-European plans to one or other be EU based or moved to face acceptable greater part EU-claimed so as to hold the advantage to fly among EU urban communities. EasyJet will now the UK placed at Luton aircraft terminal and it will offer 51%of  UK-possessed leave behind it weak opposite to these guidelines.

Opportunities: The opportunities which are on a boom at the Easy Jets are that the government authorized the 3rd runway at Heathrow which was the great chance for Easy jet as well as other airlines. The planned development will build new and cheap extra volume at Heathrow. It will diminish the cost of performing from the Heathrow runway. Although, the government approves their proposal of increasing capacity. They only supported the growth of Heathrow runway. They lessen the aircraft monetary costs. 

Threats: The Brexit unpredictability is poor for some airlines along with Easy jet exclusively if EU trade rules, these are restrained that for a long time advantage for Britain. Integral separation continues bearing exposures (Akbar, et. al., 2014). The unfavourable climatic conditions in the UK like thunderstorms, snowfall in winters are repeating simultaneously but not lessened. This may lead to the cancellation of tickets and delays of the flights of Easy Jet and the other airlines for the future master plan.

• Scenario Building of Easy jet

The future isn’t so far in of the reality that for the improvement of business method there are five social and political assurance. The disruption of the birth-rate in the build the world, changes in the circulation of optional cash flow and a redefinition of associated carrying out of task, worldwide offensiveness and the growing conflict among monetary and economic reality. Then he takes a glance at the authority essentialities & the aspects of data upset. The Easy jet must be aware of the competitor’s capacity for every ways or routes and the cost executed by that airlines will help in achieving best goals for the organization.

• Strategic Recommendations of the Easy jet airlines:-

• My First suggestion is expansion like purchasing railroad and so on provided that the aircraft business gets influenced by awful climate or ice and no plane is flying so at last it will influence all different efficient lease like Europe car, lodging, and travel protection.
• I would also and emphatically order to EasyJet that they should begin flights to Asia and Africa to stay away from possible troubles due to immersion in the aeronautics business 
• If the organization is experiencing trouble in UK on account of volcanic fiery remains then on the opposite side organization will profit as a result of flights rushing from Germany to Asia or Africa.

There are two types of strategies taken in account in the Easy jet such as differentiation strategy which is the strategy in which the industry has the particular rules and regulations or schemes which are not copied or transfer by other airlines. On the other hand, the cost leadership strategy which is the strategy in which prices will be lower and the winning prize strategies have taken into account for business growth by Porter. (Florio,2013)

The ‘System Clock’ build upon arrange by Cliff Bowman. It’s another appropriate approach to instruct the company disturbing place along with the additions of competitors. Likewise with Porter’s Generic Strategies, Bowman deal with upper hand in network to cost approved standpoint or disconnection advantage. The 8 middle  key alternatives are: 

1. Low  cost/low combined esteem – Likely to be share specific.
2. Low values –Liability of value conflict and low outlines /shall be a ‘cost head’. 
3. Half  brand– Low value base and reassert in low cost and distribution.
4. Centred partition– Recognizing a ‘specific part’ maintain an superb cost. 
5. Enlarged value/general – Higher boundaries if competitors don’t like danger of falling piece of the all organization
6. Enlarged cost/low aspects– just attainable in a controlling infrastructure assets. 
7. Low value/Basic cost –Debit of part of the global organization.

Summary & Conclusion

In this summary, the functional benefits of the Easy jets includes less  costs than its competitors and the emotional benefits is that the brand is enact to its target & wait to  achieve same accuracy. The fast and easy service due to its no frills experience the brand is on high position. The clear and efficient brand value recognizes for an innovation. 

Whereas in the above report we have concluded that the Easy jet is the British aircraft transporter in UK which is the biggest industry and the 5th largest industry among the European airlines. We have studied about the PESTEL Analysis such as the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal variables, the SWOT Analysis &the Porter’s Five Forces of the Easy jet company. Easy jet pursues the differentiation strategies and the cost leadership strategies and few other strategies which are discussed above thoroughly. Easy jet admits to place the workers before the consumers and gives the best customer care to customers. These potentials of Easy jet can’t replace by its huge competitor Ryanair and become different abilities. The industry recommended the cot for this path of travel and its marketing planning have been initially are on top around giving them competent services, below level cost flights with managing high quality of service available.

References

• Akbar, Y., Németh, A. and Niemeier, H.M., 2014. Here we go again… the Permanently Failing Organization: An application to the airline industry in Eastern Europe. Journal of Air Transport Management, 35, pp.1-11.
• Canelas, H. and Ramos, P., 2016. Consolidation in Europe’s Airline Industry. The Boston Consulting Group. Acedido a, 5.
• Florio, M., 2013. Network industries and social welfare: The experiment that reshuffled European utilities. OUP Oxford.
• Goodall, B. and Ashworth, G. eds., 2013. Marketing in the tourism industry (RLE Tourism): The promotion of destination regions. Routledge.
• Hedmer, M., Karlsson, J.E., Andersson, U., Jacobsson, H., Nielsen, J. and Tinnerberg, H., 2014. Exposure to respirable dust and manganese and prevalence of airways symptoms, among Swedish mild steel welders in the manufacturing industry. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 87(6), pp.623-634.
• Klophaus, R., Conrady, R. and Fichert, F., 2012. Low cost carriers going hybrid: Evidence from Europe. Journal of Air Transport Management, 23, pp.54-58.
• Lange, K., Geppert, M., Saka‐Helmhout, A. and Becker‐Ritterspach, F., 2015. Changing business models and employee representation in the airline industry: A comparison of British Airways and Deutsche Lufthansa. British Journal of Management, 26(3), pp.388-407.
• Lange, K., Geppert, M., Saka‐Helmhout, A. and Becker‐Ritterspach, F., 2015. Changing business models and employee representation in the airline industry: A comparison of British Airways and Deutsche Lufthansa. British Journal of Management, 26(3), pp.388-407.
• Mills, A.J., 2017. Dueling Discourses: Desexualization versus Eroticism in the Corporate Framing of Female Sexuality in the British Airline Industry, 1945–1960☆. In Insights and Research on the Study of Gender and Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures (pp. 209-235). Emerald Publishing Limited.
• O’Connor, P., Flin, R., Fletcher, G. and Hemsley, P., 2017. Methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of flightcrew CRM training in the UK aviation industry. Crew Resource Management: Critical Essays.
• Tckhakaia, E., Cabras, I. and Rodrigues, S.A., 2015. Knowledge management in airline industry: Case study from the British airways. In International Conference e-Society.
• Uttley, M.R., 2014. Westland and the British Helicopter Industry, 1945-1960: Licensed Production Versus Indigenous Innovation. Routledge.

Introduction

Human resource management is the procedure used for creating a angle, growing & allocating the schemes & reinforcing arrangements of HR in the organization. It is generally involved along the adequate fulfilment of HR to import excellent results. The success of an organization builds upon their employee achievement, including as recruitment and action of training which brings down decision making of human resources. Their assignment incorporates choosing, selecting, verifying, employing, on board, promoting services and company of the entire association. Hence, a individual aid the executives are the Bureau of an association that manages taking care of the best possible authority and ensuring the best work rehearses set up frequently. The recruitment and selection process plans with the human resource management where they assign the capable staffs. The ambitious labour market establishes the list of benefits along with a business which can make the company well settled. The productive proceedings of HR management will profits both employers and workers. In this assignment, we are discussing by what method human resource management at Morgan Hunt attain organizational target and objectives. The assignment also estimates that the efficiency of the HR form which asserts that how it increases profit and productivity.

LO1

Question1(P1) Explain the purpose and the functions of HRM, applicable to workforce planning and resourcing the chosen organization of your choice.

Purpose of Human Resource Management of Morgan hunt

The duty of HR Management must counterpart people not beyond an organization to execute the aim of the organization. The company exchanges the information with the employee & familiarize the perception and arrangement to their demand(Alfes, et. al., 2013). The HR management of the Morgan Hunt visions nation as organizational revenues and domestic customers & works to construct employee satisfaction and employee adaptability & strength. 

Functions of Human Resource Management by Morgan Hunt.

The functions of HRM of the Morgan Hunt Organization are as follows:

1.The perks and allowances are provided to the employee of an organization.

2. The re-building association activities are finished by a human asset.
3. It preserves the high job fulfilment levels after hearing and reciprocating to the employee.
4. The human resource function is to manage the renewal & transformation in the employee(Alfes, et. al., 2013).
5. The employee must be recruited and trained in the guidance of human resource.
6. The important function is to appreciate and merging labour laws.
7. The human resource needs to work on the physical, social, mental, emotional & behavioural specifications of the employee.

Workforce Planning and Resources applicable to Morgan Hunt.

Workforce planning could help to foothold employee commitment & reservation levels. This is used to give backend support to the needs and prime concern of an organization along with the workforce to assure to encounter government, regulatory resources and organizational intentions. 

The workforce planning can be processed in two terms i.e., short term forecasting trends and long term forecasting trends.

Short term forecasting tends-

1. Peak volume roles
2. Hard to fill the professionalism
3. Instant requirements of the succeeding projects

Long term forecasting tends-

1. Calculated business growth
2. Hard to fill expertise.

M1. Assess how the functions of HRM can provide talent and skills appropriate to fulfil business objectives for the chosen organization.

You will require a wide scope of aptitudes for most HR proficient occupations. A wide base of business learning and foundation in the sociologies are useful. The best HR experts have great composed and verbal aptitudes, just as capable of PCs. Here, are some skills in this framework as:-

1. Worker relations
2. Onboarding
3. HR Information Software (HRIS)
4. Execution of the board
5. Cooperation and joint effort
6. Planning
7. Client administration
8. Undertaking the executives.

The company undergoes the employment wheel of life form fascinating and appointing the deserving candidate to assist the progress of the reviews and ultimately deals with the outcomes. The Human Resource main function is to plan, recruiting and hiring the employee by selection process(Giauque, et. al., 2013). The Human Resource needs to originate a relation between the labour and the employee. Every claim to fame has its very own particular prerequisites past the general foundation and range of abilities.

D1 Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to recruitment and selection, supported by specific examples for the chosen scenario.

The nature and extent of HRM: 

The ‘Best Fit’ way versus ‘Best Process’ where the strong and delicate figure of HRM are undertaken. For effective workforce planning and resources functions can have a positive effect on attenuation, culture and brands of an organization. The interior work advertise must be taken and Examining the employee turnover, strength and maintenance(ALDamoe, et. al., 2012). The effect of legitimate and administrative systems and the effect that propels in innovation had after elaborating the proficiency of Human Resource rehearses. 

Recruitment:-

The wellsprings about enrollment are of two types inside versus outer enlistment. 

Employment investigation, sets of expectations, individual details and competency systems. 

Selection:-

There are many Primary techniques for determination and the qualities and shortcomings of each employee recruitment and selection purpose. Dependability and legitimacy are taken as  essential example.

Onloading and acceptance are various methods. The problems influencing fruitful enlistment and socialization of representatives

Question2 (P2)- Explain the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to recruitment and selection for the chosen organization.

The recruitment is elementary process about adequate Human Resource management of an association and planning operation. It is the process of making an effort to pinpoint and inspire the probable applicants to apply for current or predictable job opening. For any organization, recruitment is a very necessary part of the progress of the organization. Recruiters avail the distinct methods like source, screen, shortlists and select the resources as per the specification of the organization(ALDamoe, et. al., 2012). By the recruitment process, we can select the right deserving candidate for making an advanced expanded training and skilled resources also being advanced. Morgan Hunt uses both the domestic source path and the outside source path for recruitment and selection of candidates for their organization.

Internal source approach

Inside origin approach would selects workers from inside. It mentions Morgan Hunt unique system to enlist. For instance, the transfer of the ideal helps Morgan Hunt to fulfil the empty job effectively. Again, Morgan Hunt uphold the representatives to fill alternate vacant posts. 

Strengths of internal source approach

1. HRM can direct this enlistment and preservance effectively inside a limited time.
2. It need not intellectual meeting of employees. As Morgan Hunt will chose from the existing workers, it not need plenty of time.
3. Candidates employed through this fundamental are many more successful.

The weakness of the internal source approach-

1. This philosophy would  demotivates the labourers that are not progressing. 
2. It confines the prospect of procuring fresh and imaginative candidates.

External source approach

This fundamental selects the employees from the outcoming sources. This process pulls inward workers from other processes through a commercial on different media (Xing, et. al., 2016). In spite of this, the enrollment procedure is annoying and hard, this method will bring a great outcome for the organization.

Strengths of External source approach-

1. It will permit Morgan Hunt to employ and choose fresh, inventive, youngster and imaginative applicant.
2. The tremendous pool of applicants is obtainable.
3. It helps Morgan Hunt to ensure high profitability

The weakness of External source approach-

1. To lead this process, the HRM at Morgan Hunt needs high turn.
2. It likewise requires a surprising expense. 
3. This process has a high disaster being unskilled applicants enlisted. 

M2 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to recruitment and selection for the chosen scenario.

External approach: Outer competitors are new to the association, its systems, procedures and culture, requiring additional time for them to “fit in”.

The strength of external approach:

It enables Morgan Hunt to ensure high productivity. Morgan Hunt will most likely advance brand remotely

The weakness of the external approach:

Outer applicants likewise needs extra skills because of their lack of experience, which takes up to 2 extra long span of trained in examination inner hopefuls at the Morgan Hunt, Furthermore, increasing the expense of the recruitment procedure.

Internal approach: It empowers the organization to get candidates from the current workers.

The strength of an internal approach:

The expense of preparing inner applicants is essentially lower since Morgan Hunt can fasttrack interior selected people inducting the process at the balanced phase of year 3 to 5. No danger of enlisting inadequate representatives

The weakness of the internal approach:

Confidence problem for the applicants which are not progressive yet associated for the post.

LO2

Question3 (P3) – Explain the benefits of different HRM practices within the organization chosen of your choice for both the employer and employee.

 Successful practice of Human Resource Management will give satisfaction to both the employees along with the employer. As, main target of Human Resource management at the company to preserve functional human resources at the company. If Morgan Hunt wants to raise the productivity and power of the human resources,then the company places good human resource services at the workplace. Due to this reason, Morgan Hunt provides the employee with adaptabilities. This practice fascinates the employee in the workplace. The performance of employees is improved after the satisfaction at the workplace(Cooke, 2014). The research and development program gives the employee training, skill development programs, personality development programs for the worker. The adaptability of employee at the office also recommended with this administrative policy. With this employee turnover, the cost of human resource development also maximizes.Although, the Morgan Hunt exercises to place the external sources of recruitment selection of the candidates. If the company will apply this strategy, it will capable to appoint or hire the creative and inventive employees for the organization. Therefore, the Morgan Hunt will provide in the successful brand evolution.

M3 Explore the different methods used in HRM practices, providing specific examples to support evaluation within the chosen organizational context.

 Morgan Hunt is a company which works for the growth of employees confidence, arrangement & commitment. If the company wants to lessen the turnover, then the effective human resource management exercises have to be done. These programs have grown the faithfulness and inspiration to boost up employee achievements. Some of the different methods which are taken into account in HRM practices are:-

1. Occupation and individual particulars.
2. Planning work particulars and individual details pertinent to the enlistment setting and needs of the associations, considering enactment and friends approaches.
3. Enrollment and choice practically speaking.
4. The effect of innovation on improving the enrollment and choice procedure; the utilization of online assets, advanced stages and long-range informal communication(Cooke, 2014).
5. Structuring and putting work promotions.
6. Shortlisting and preparing applications.
7. Meeting planning and best practice.
8. Determination best convention.

D2 Critically evaluate HRM practices and application within an organizational context, using a range of specific examples for the chosen scenario.

The Managers crosswise over associations in the private area unequivocally embraced self-acknowledgement (one of the factors of culture), which was significantly corresponded to practically all HRM rehearses. These are arranging, enlistment, choice, execution assessment, preparing and improvement, vocation the board, and rewards(Wright, 2018). While associations find themselves in overall challenge, the vast majority of the people are taking a stab at the accomplishment, capacity usage, headway, style, self-improvement, and harmony of the psyche. Acknowledgement or expectation of acknowledgement of the qualities has brought about better execution. If this human resource management practices are not conducted in the organization, the employer will not be capable to keep good contingencies with employees. HR rehearses were significantly identified with financial help in the private area. Through arranging, enlistment and determination rehearse, newcomers with more grounded frameworks of help report less unfriendly mental results identified with work execution than do those with less help. 

Question 4(P4)-Evaluate the effectiveness of different HRM practices in terms of raising organizational profit and productivity.

The Human Resource management focus facing sustain a better affairs with the workers at the office. The power connection is important to expand the profit and productivity of the organization.

The effect of Human Resource Management  forms and approaches on candidate profitability is a crucial part in the field of human habit the executives, modern connections and graded brain research. Money tied up interest plans were very gainful for the company than the connected costs. Utilization of best Human Resource rehearses demonstrates a more grounded relationship with the association’s profitability in the high development industry. By enlarging employee support, the firm gets profit by an increasing efficiency of the depictive because of the enlarging responsibility of the employee. The central part of its work organize the reason for usage of High-Performance Work Practices which help up pay & liberation in the work of the executives structure, and more thorough worker service and qualifying, improves the learning, upgrade their desire, fallen escaping work and improve belongings of value employees as long as boosting up drone to stop the organization.(Wright, 2018).

Profession organizing is a device that regulates technique to future Human Resource requirements & drives representative to make progress toward his self enhancement. Successful human resource management exercise allows the employee to lessen employee turnover. It will affect the cost of human resource department. The Morgan Hunt has lessened the employee turnover to gain the profit in the organization’s business growth. As the income diminishes, the production of the employees maintains itself. If employee designs from the company, the Morgan Hunt will suffer the loss of askilful and knowledgeable employee for the company. Therefore, the productivity of the organization obstructs. Accordingly, Morgan Hunt provides the relaxability and satisfaction to an employee so that this human resource management exercise can give growth in the profits and productivity of the company.

LO3

Question 5(P5)- Analyze the importance of employee relations with respect to influencing HRM decision making for the chosen organization.

Employee Relation

In the direction to improve the execution of the employee at the working condition, the human benefit the board must ensures the fascinating worker connections. In the event that Morgan Hunt negotiate to oversee huge representative alliance , the normal hit of the organization will be weakened.Workers Relations are definitely not a straightforward selling process, as, more the base of a scope where there is faith and  belief for the thought processes of the board when they talk about subjects and activities – a situation in which person feel esteemed for their promise and knowledge. Morgan Hunt can consist the following systems to keep up immense worker relations-

1. Correspondence – The business must to give essential data to the representatives to keep them restore about the task of the company. For reason, Morgan Hunt should pass data to the applicant about fresh start or items and feature of items to the employment workforce. This will permit Morgan Hunt applicant to enlarge the task by giving the customer data. This will also help manage faculty keep up the large affairs with clients. In this way, employees will probably perform at an agreeable dimension.
2. Great profit– The employment must assure the large soundness of the employees. For example, Morgan Hunt gives the applicants a great office, the safe technique to use just as to driven openings(Jiang, et. al., 2012). It will help in assisting to maintain better relations.
3. Professional Development Contigency– The representatives task at the organization to construct their general professions. By this reason, Morgan Hunt delivers the representatives profession change openings. In this way, the candidates inspire & trustworthy to the organization. In this way, the employee realtion will be improved(Renwick, et. al., 2013).
4. Vision – Morgan Hunt set up his perception in that  way that it invigorates the workers to serves better processing of the representatives. The vision has been planned aligned with destinations of the candidates..
5. Approach– Employee prerequisite to be propelled to hold on great companies with the employment. In the act that Morgan Hunt drives the employee, it will be increasingly compelled to their gassing. Essentially, it acts to give employee bonus, motivating forces, promotion and increase the pay of the employee to keep up great worker affairs.

Best representative affairs signifies that workers will sense definite about their nature, their activity just as existence of specific extraordinary association. In this manner, the employee relations at Morgan Hunt will aid the company by bringing a great conclusion for the company.

M4 Evaluate the key aspects of employee relations management and employment legislation that affect HRM decision-making to the chosen organizational context.

Representative Relations are what tops off an already good thing for pretty much every HR activity – atleast path to HR approval –serving little respect to careless of whether the company behaviour is worker cordial. It is compulsary for all to appreciate that one force to his organization to perform and other brief must be kept far because it is only a simple exercise in emptiness(Jiang, et. al., 2012). Human asset the executives at Morgan Hunt centres around the upkeep of worker relations.

Worker relations:-Keeping up great worker relations and techniques for making and elaborating representative relations and commitment. 

Worker relations and the legislations: The motivation behind work laws. Major lawful issues and limitations (for example balance, information security, wellbeing and security, excess, rejection, work contracts). There are some moral and social obligations.

Worker’s organizations and work environment portrayal: The job of worker’s organization’s − neighbourhood/national, Aggregate assertions and Control, complaints and excess is the best practice.

D3 Critically evaluate employee relations and the application of HRM practices that inform and influence decision-making in the chosen organizational context.

The applicants will satisfied with their work with one another and works simultaneously to a shared objective. An single candidate can’t stay silenced and work for many hours, he needs someone to converse throughout and talk about his attention.

• Employment and individual determinations: Getting ready employment determinations and individual particulars pertinent to the enlistment setting and needs of the associations, considering enactment and friends approaches. 
• Enlistment and choice by and with the result of innovation on improving the recruitment & choice procedure; the use of online ways, automated levels and interpersonal interaction(Purce, 2014). 
• Planning and putting work ads.
• Shortlisting and handling applications.
• Talking readiness and best practice. 
• Determination best practice.
• To keep up elevated amounts of work 
• To guarantee value steadiness. 
• To keep up an equalization of instalment overflow.
• To secure the conversion standard.

Question 6 (P6) – Identify the key elements of employment legislation and the impact it has upon HRM decision making for the chosen organization.

Enactments, legislations and various guidelines, for example, The National Minimum Wage Act The Employment Rights Act, , Sex Discrimination Act, , and The Disability Discrimination Act, Equal Pay Act etc., should be gone along with any employment in the center of general guidance basically  in valuable making of Morgan Hunt’s HR Management as it will completely change any choice or plan organize by the HR office. General aspects suitable to work are treated in business execution which combines:-

1. Comparable business chances: Race, ethnic source, darken (for instance, African American, Hispanic, Native American, Asian), Sexual adjustment (ladies, including the women who are pregnant), Age level (people more than 40), Person with incapacities (physical disabilities and mental), Military background (Vietnam‐era veterans), myth (exceptional convictions and methods).

The fundamental desire under the EEO rules is to assure that everyone has the equal opportunity of finding a new line of work or being advanced at work.

2. Affirmative actions: Although EEO regulations intend to guarantee levels with the analysis at work, the government schemes for the less than half in society requires the employment to try to employ and up holds individuals who has the places with the holy conventions.(Purce, 2014). Governmental schemes regarding less than half peoples in society taking explicit actions calculated to dispense with the present impacts of past separations.
3. Sexual provocation: Morgan hunt employers can find a path to limits the risk with the following ways: 

a). Offer a obscene action path delivery. This declaration should convey where representatives can address grievances, assuring privacy, and ensure that disciplinary move will taken adjacent to sexual harassers.

b). Give agreement and adapting projects to administrators & supervisors. These activity must accentuate those  inappropriate action will not move without any serious conditions. 

c). Lead moderate, generous -minded tasks and base tasks on without passionately assembled existence. The complainer must be protected from the sorts of handling that incensed the argument.

4. Working time rules
5. Income and remuneration
6. Working situation
7. Trade organizations and other modern affairs(Daley, 2012).
8. Advantage, profit and health
9. Social protection
10. Special preparations for various activity or collections and so on.

Performance controls finance preparations and other allowance and benefits construct in line with the working hour booking & preparing in like manner so all Human Resource choice towards right confirming correctness & similarity. In addition, performance meets government disability idea of the organization and exceptional preparations have confidence in situations and employment behaviour.

LO4

Question 7 (P7) -Illustrate the application of HRM practices in a work-related context, using specific examples from the chosen organization.

The individual detail is the absolute most essential report in powerful enlistment and determination of the Morgan Hunt organization.It enables you to characterize the sort of individual you need thus encourages you to compose and exact employment advert. It empowers you to survey every competitor reasonably and dispassionately. Also, it empowers you to look at the hopefuls against one another and thusly make determination dependent on proof.

• Employment Requirement is accurate and Measurable

The estimation of an individual detail is that it enables scouts to look at proof from every hopeful against the necessity of the activity. 

Expected set of responsibilities

Composing an exact expected bunch of responsibilities contain dividing the job into its  different part and the key objectives are characterized. A best job illustration is to:

1. i) Examine the general encouragement behind the performance and fundamental efforts.
2. ii) Give & analysis of the job for deserving candidate permissive to select whether the job is good for them or not.(Buller&McEvoy, 2012).

iii) Put  the job or occupation into the hierarchical context.

1. iv) Inform whatever is left of the recruitment procedure, i.e. the one particular, work notice, analysis query and so on. The method consist part of the expected set of liability must be entirely pertinent to essential for the job post. Care is familiar to ensure that the set of working liabilities  isn’t pointlessly excessive to avoid and particular collection as this could be seen as supportive breakup which is illegal.

Modernization affecting that how bosses select an extraordinary capability and how the incredible capability finds the appropriate boss:-

Internet-based life enrollment: The online interviews and the online life profiles is a major aspect of the application.

Versatile Recruiting: This will  facilitate you to look huge candidates to a large extent more effective, Employers should deal with improving various viewpoints if the portable customer experience, For example, preparing a versatile neighbourly employment process and improving your deposited time however it could be more expected from them.

Occupation pages and Career side : This part of recruiting and creation is not fresh and the employment boards are made. The Morgan Hunt could set up their area. Portable recruitment directs that professions sheets should be streamlined for the versatility and that the job position posted on recruitment sheets and vocation side must be shared via a online network sites too. Online live sharing methods the message can be deliver through flexible methods. 

M5 Provide a rationale for the application of specific HRM practices in a work-related context with special to the scenario chosen for the purpose.

The applications of HR Management methods in word parallel relation is imperative subsequently for data being explicit and quantifiable. Provide a fundamental to act with the deserving candidate once uses against the performance prerequisites. Alternately the way to screen competitors may be the most basic path to keep in use internet networking in selected, With this way, change represents other employment page and progress pages alternated that how we can utilize the enlisting devices decently.(Buller&McEvoy, 2012). Getting ready employment details and individual determinations appropriate to the enlistment setting and needs of the associations, considering enactment and friends strategies. The result of invention on improving  enrollment and constancy process; the use of online paths, advanced levels and comprehensive informal connection. Planning and putting task notices & waiting list & handling functions. Discussing readiness and best process and choice of best form.

Conclusion

In the above report, we have concluded that the human resource management practice of the Morgan Hunt is at best levels. It helps the company to enlarge the profits by decreasing the employee turnover. The suspicion upon it turn to implies that just a team of organizations will assume that it’s practical, and even they needed a backend arrangement of the model. Although they have a company-wide usually protective management of Human Resource Management approach in an organization working on a profoundly assorted product publicize; and to make an authoritative fashion which look for after both individual & collaborative ways at the same time is an extremely dangerous errand, if probably achievable. If the Morgan Hunt applies an external recruitment approach, it will appoint the deserving, skilful, inventive candidate for the organization. So, the Morgan Hunt will give the successful brand growth in their business.

References

• ALDamoe, F.M.A., Yazam, M. and Ahmed, K.B., 2012. The mediating effect of HRM outcomes (employee retention) on the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2(1), p.75.
• Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E.C., Rees, C. and Gatenby, M., 2013. The relationship between line manager behavior, perceived HRM practices, and individual performance: Examining the mediating role of engagement. Human resource management, 52(6), pp.839-859.
• Buller, P.F. and McEvoy, G.M., 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight. Human resource management review, 22(1), pp.43-56.
• Cooke, F.L., 2014. Chinese multinational firms in Asia and Africa: Relationships with institutional actors and patterns of HRM practices. Human Resource Management, 53(6), pp.877-896.
• Daley, D.M., 2012. Strategic human resources management. Public Personnel Management, pp.120-125.
• Giauque, D., Anderfuhren-Biget, S. and Varone, F., 2013. HRM practices, intrinsic motivators, and organizational performance in the public sector. Public Personnel Management, 42(2), pp.123-150.
• Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Han, K., Hong, Y., Kim, A. and Winkler, A.L., 2012. Clarifying the construct of human resource systems: Relating human resource management to employee performance. Human Resource Management Review, 22(2), pp.73-85.
• Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. and Baer, J.C., 2012. How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms. Academy of management Journal, 55(6), pp.1264-1294.
• Morgan Hunt, 2018. About Us. [Online] Morgan Hunt. Available at: https://www.morganhunt.com/. [Accessed: 8 March 2019].
• Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management. New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals), 67.
• Renwick, D.W., Redman, T. and Maguire, S., 2013. Green human resource management: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(1), pp.1-14.
• Wright, P., 2018. Fundamentals of human resource management. Management, 5, p.27.
• Xing, Y., Liu, Y., Tarba, S.Y. and Cooper, C.L., 2016. Intercultural influences on managing African employees of Chinese firms in Africa: Chinese managers’ HRM practices. International Business Review, 25(1), pp.28-41.

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Introduction 

The main aim of this report is to analyse the capability and supply chain activities of the Toll Group. This report focuses on the supply chain structure of the company for the effective supply. Meanwhile, this report will identify the products and services, which are manufactured by the Toll Group. On the other hand, this report emphasizes the existing transportation and warehouse system of the company.  Overall, this report mainly focuses the company products and service, distribution system, transportation, inventory and demand management.

Toll Group Background

The Toll group started as a business of a horse and cart coal hauling business. It was started in 1888. The founder of this business was Albert Toll. This business was purchased by National minerals in the year 1959. The Toll group is headquartered in Melbourne. This organisation is involved in the business practices of transportation and logistics. The parent company of this organisation is Japan Post Holdings. Total numbers of employees in this organisation are 40000. The three principal business of this organisation is the Global Express service, Global logistics service and global forwarding. A total number of 1200 sites are present of this organisation in total 50 countries (Toll Group, 2018). With the help of Express service, the goods of the customer are provided on the same day to the customer. This company works as a mediator between the two that is the customer and another company. The customer purchases the product from one company and the Toll group takes that product from that company and provide it to the customer. The Fright service of this organisation includes delivering a parcel of the dangerous goods and moving commodities.

This company also provides warehousing services and manufacturing facilities so that effective production can be accomplished. Remote and resource logistics are a service in which effective solutions are provided to emergency and humanitarian situation by this organisation. Remote and resources logistics are provided by this organisation to the companies. These companies are the customers of the Toll Group. Offshore and onshore logistics services are also provided by this organisation. This service includes port and Maritime Services.

Supply chain consultancy is the type of service in which consultation and audit service is provided by this organisation to those companies that are involved in the same business. Transport organisation, supply chain planning and management, site location and layout Optimisation are the various services that are come under the consultation of this organisation. Effective distribution is accomplished by this organisation so that products can reach on time to the receiver. For this on time shipping is accomplished by this organisation so that there cannot be any delay from the company side. The airport Management Service is also practised by this organisation. The services are also provided to the passengers (Yu, et. al., 2012). Specialised helicopter services are also coming under the category of airport and Aviation Services of this organisation.

Supply Chain Structure

This organisation is having now use supply chain capability. There are many types of functions that can be accomplished with the help of supply chain for this organisation. Cross Docking and import Trans load can be accomplished by this organisation for providing affecting supply chain management. This organisation is having a good quality control functions so that effective distribution can be provided. This organisation used to provide warehousing and distribution so that effective supply of the resources can be possible to the manufacturing facilities (Chowdhry & Kone, 2012). This can be helpful in accomplishing the production in the specified time. The supply chain management includes the high-speed sortation system that can tackle the critical situation that used to arrive at the time of distribution of the goods. Unit replacement and unit fulfilment are the functions that are included in the supply chain management buy this organisation. This organisation is having the strong network that utilizes RF Technology. The custom of the different countries is also supplied within the legal limits by this organisation. The online taking of the goods and the products that are supplied by this organisation can be done with the help of mobile phone application and website of this organisation. It is a tracking system that is provided by this organisation so that the customer cannot be dissatisfied with this organisation. Domestic consolidation program is also the part of supply chain management of this organisation. This organisation is present in 50 countries so inter countries and intercontinental supply of goods and the products can be done by this organisation in the easy and effective manner. There are different types of value-added services that are provided by this organisation at both of the point source and the destination to the customer of this organisation. In this way, the supply chain management is functioning efficiently for this organisation (Lord, et. al., 2015).

This organisation is involved in the practice of end-to-end management means the management is provided for the customers in such a way that the customer will not have to wait for the product to be delivered soon. Effective Information sharing is accomplished by this organisation to the customer from time to time so that customer is having a full transparency on the product that will be delivered by this organisation to the customer. The supply chain of this organisation is streamlining the supply chain (Visentini, et. al., 2014). In North America, this organisation is having a wide network that starts from Atlanta to the San Francisco. Many sites are included in this like Chicago, Dallas, the city of industry, Boston, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Philadelphia and it used to supply the goods and products to Canada. In the different part of the world also this organisation is having a huge presence. Due to such a huge presence, this organisation is able to provide delivery easily in different parts of the world.

Sourcing Material and Services

This organisation works on the formula of the pick, pack and delivery. The formula is very useful in providing goods to be delivered on time. The cost-effective, accurate and reliable pick pack and delivery are provided to the customer. The orders are shipped quickly and accurately. With the help of tracking information, the customer can track where the goods had reached. The effective inventory management can be possible with the help of this service that provides the complete visibility on the process which is followed along the way by the Toll group.

There are broad ranges of the customers which are involved in taking the services of Sourcing material. The customers from the automotive industry, construction industry, manufacturing industry and other sectors also take the services from the Toll group (Lammgård & Andersson, 2014).

Various type of processes is included in the Sourcing material and services. The order management can be accomplished under this service. The Toll group used to label the product and then ticketing of the product is accomplished. Delivery and warehousing of the product in the end to end serviceman is provided by this organisation. The customisation of knitting and bending is then thereafter for the goods that have to be delivered. The goods then reached to the product assembly. Management of the inventory and the stock is accomplished. Toll group is having a multimodal network that helps in cost reduction in the delivery process. The online tracking system is very useful for the customers that help the customer to track the product (Ngah, et. al., 2014). Warehousing solution included different type of products whether it is dangerous products also. Dispensary reporting is also included in this service in which short, over and damaged processing is done. Return logistics services are also included in this process.

There is the need for the development of the return Logistic services which are included in this service. It is very necessary for this organisation to refine the return logistics service so that there can be more satisfaction in the customer regarding the return products.

Transportation and Warehousing System

Toll group used to provide the services of supplying goods to the different parts of the world with the help of Airways, Railways, sea routes and Road. This organisation used to provide my transport service. This service can be availed by the customer with the help of the online platform. With the help of this service, a good transport model can be presented to the customers with high efficiency. The customers that are having Complex supply chain are supported with the help of complex transport models that are developed by this organisation. There is flexibility present for the customer in the service transport model of this organisation. This model of service is designed by this organisation in such so that transport can cost efficient also. It is the cloud-based transport model that consists of different information about the good that is transported with the help of this service (Monczka, 2015). This information can be accessed by the user or the customer. 

Depending on the business need of the particular customer planning and of the load can be customised with the help of MTS or My transport service solution. A single invoice can be received by the customer for the different services that are availed by the customer. The customer is having an opportunity of availing Best service provider. Once the specific requirements are fulfilled by the customer then the particular customer get the order requirements, delivery time trains, Fright weights, locations (Grant, 2012). 

The use of MTS can be accomplished by a large organisation to the small organisation. The companies having Complex transport requirement can avail this offer to easily port and deport the goods that are necessary to supply at the particular place. The customers that are seeking the goods to be supplied from home to home across the city and countries can also be possible with the help of my transport service. Therefore it can be said that there is no limit for the user to avail the services of this organisation. MTS helps a lot in the different processes of transportation to the customers in the effective and efficient way to the customer (Sarkis, 2012). This service is completely scalable. 

There are great benefits to use this service. For the large and medium operations, scalability of the solutions can be accomplished under the service. This service is having integration with ERP and WS system. The operation can be very easily functioning with the help of ERP system in an organisation. If the Transportation system of this organisation is connected with the ERP system that organisation to which this organisation is providing transportation service will be very beneficial. In such situation supply in the market can be possible according to the demand in the market. The need of the customers can be analysed effectively and efficiently. According to the demand and the transportation services are provided to the organisation by the Toll group (Hugos, 2018). In this situation, the end to end plan is designed by this organisation. The Toll group facilities the transportation according to the needs in the market for the goods of that company to which Toll group is serving. 

The optimisation of the transportation is accomplished in such a way so that there can be the accomplishment of cost reduction in the process of providing goods in the market with the help of transportation by this organisation. Fright can be located with the help of my transport service. Fright is made according to business rules of the customer of the Toll group. Therefore the cost reduction takes place according to the business rules of the customer facilitating the customer in implementing the supply chain according to the need of the company to which Toll group is serving.

The warehousing system of this organisation is having the multi-user facilities. There are three types of services like long term, short term and medium term warehousing services by this organisation. The purpose of dividing services of warehousing into 3 parts is to make the services cost effective for the customer as well as for the organisation. If the particular company is having seasonal operations of supply then shared warehousing services offered by this organisation to such type of customers. Additional space resources can be provided to the companies are the customer of the Toll group if the business requirement of the customer changes. It is also helpful in inventory allocation. The warehousing of this organisation is suitable for the dangerous goods, materials that require controllable temperature storage can be stored in the warehouse of the Toll group. Warehousing is also people for the food products. Other types of goods can also be stored in the warehousing provided by the Toll group. Short-term and long-term storage options are provided to the customers according to the business need of the customer. Capital solution software is used in the warehousing system of Toll group so that inventory Optimisation tools can analyse the demand and need of the market and according to this warehousing can be provided to the customer of Toll group. The warehousing system is automated storage that can be easily retrieved therefore this system is a retrieval system (Martens, et. al., 2012).

There can be a different type of improvements that can be accomplished in the existing service like the network can be expanded more. This organisation is present in 50 countries so there is a need to expand the sites in 50 countries. It is necessary because the system gets to slow down because of the non-presence of the site in some of the area in which this organisation is present in the country but not in that particular area. As far as other systems are concerned, other systems are very regularised and refined. In the warehouse system, real trying transaction system should be promoted in those sites where it is not present. This will be helpful in providing more effective warehousing system with more transparent inventory.

Inventory System and Demand Management

Various services are included in inventory management of Toll group. The storage of the product of which the delivery is being accomplished is done. The particular product of the good is located with the batch. There are different types of the batch in which the goods are divided so that inventory monitor can be possible (SteadieSeifi, et. al., 2014). At the same time, the order is managed with the help of ERP. If the company is a customer of the Toll group then there can be three options in which the inventory management for cycle count is done. This includes daily, monthly and weekly cycle counts. There is also a presence of wall to wall full stock count option is available.

The demand management is accomplished for three types of processes that come with the transportation of product after the order that is given to the Toll group by the customer.

Hub and spoke

In this process, the product is received and is stored by the Toll group. It is already discussed that the products are divided into the batch. In this products are combined so that shipment can be easy and the product can be reached to the destination efficiently and quickly (Vuchic, 2017).

Consolidation

There are smaller consignments received by the Toll group that are combined into the larger shipments and deliver to the destination.

Deconsolidation

There can be the situation in which the larger shipments are received by the Toll group. In this situation, the load is broken into the smaller load (Lin, et. al., 2013). In this way, transportation and delivery of the product are a completely.

Consolidation and deconsolidation are the processes which are less cost-effective as compared to the hub and spoke. Therefore it is very necessary to make these processes cost-efficient and cost-effective. This will lead to attachment in the customers of this organisation. Effective management of the damaged goods should also be done by this organisation so that there will be less conflict between the customer and the Toll group. It is very necessary because stock damage results in additional handling.

Conclusion

It can be concluded from the assessment that the supply chain structure of this organisation is having a good capability. The functions are totally controllable by this organisation. The production can be possible in the specific time for the customer company of the Toll group with the help of supply chain. Sourcing of the material is the necessity of the customer that is fulfilled by this organisation in an efficient manner. Effective labelling and ticketing on the products is the effective operational function that facilitates the service of transportation. Return logistics process should be improved and more transparent. The MTS service of this organisation is serving a single customer to a big venture. The scalable part of this service is helpful for the customers also. Inventory and demand management is helpful in providing the transportation of the goods within the decided time. The warehousing is also helpful for the companies that are involved in the different manufacturing process. The overall transport facility of this organisation is remarkable.

References

Chowdhry, S. and Kone, D., (2012) The business analysis of faecal sludge management: Emptying and transportation services in Africa and Asia. Report.Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.

Grant, D.B., (2012) Logistics management. Australia: Pearson Higher Ed.

Hugos, M.H., (2018) Essentials of supply chain management. USA: John Wiley & Sons.

Lammgård, C. and Andersson, D., (2014) Environmental considerations and trade-offs in purchasing of transportation services. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 10, pp.45-52.

Lin, J.R., Yang, T.H. and Chang, Y.C., (2013) A hub location inventory model for bicycle sharing system design: Formulation and solution. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 65(1), pp.77-86.

Lord, R.T., Lord, R.W., Myhrvold, N.P. and Tegreene, C.T., Elwha LLC, (2015) Methods, systems, and devices for providing transportation services. U.S. Patent Application 14/318,182.

Martens, K., Golub, A. and Robinson, G., (2012) A justice-theoretic approach to the distribution of transportation benefits: Implications for transportation planning practice in the United States. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 46(4), pp.684-695.

Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., (2015) Purchasing and supply chain management. USA: Cengage Learning.

Ngah, A.H., Zainuddin, Y. and Thurasamy, R., (2014) Barriers and enablers in adopting Halal transportation services: A study of Malaysian Halal Manufacturers. International Journal of Business and Management, 2(2), pp.49.

Sarkis, J., (2012) A boundaries and flows perspective of green supply chain management. Supply chain management: an international journal, 17(2), pp.202-216.

SteadieSeifi, M., Dellaert, N.P., Nuijten, W., Van Woensel, T. and Raoufi, R., (2014) Multimodal freight transportation planning: A literature review. European journal of operational research, 233(1), pp.1-15.

Toll Group, 2018. About us. [Online]. Available at:https://www.Tollgroup.com/about. [Accessed: 24 September 2018].

Visentini, M.S., Borenstein, D., Li, J.Q. and Mirchandani, P.B., (2014) Review of real-time vehicle schedule recovery methods in transportation services. Journal of Scheduling, 17(6), pp.541-567.

Vuchic, V., (2017) Transportation for livable cities. Germany: Routledge.

Yu, Y., Chu, C., Chen, H. and Chu, F., (2012) Large-scale stochastic inventory routing problems with split delivery and service level constraints. Annals of Operations Research, 197(1), pp.135-158.

Introduction

Efficiency and effectiveness in business operations can be maintained by a business organization if all of its function of management is performed properly. There are various categories of management that are performed by an organization to make its operations profitable and one of such function is Supply Chain Management function. Supply chain management can be defined as a process that shows the flow of goods and service from a supplier of raw material to the distribution of finished goods to the final consumer (Monczka et.al, 2015). In this report, various aspect of SCM has been evaluated from the perspective of Telstra Corporation which is involved in the Telecommunication market of Australia.  

Background of the company

Telstra Corporation Limited is considered as largest communication company in Australia. The main operation of the company is to provide services of a telecommunication network, mobile, internet access, DTH services and other related services. Telstra is also one of the oldest companies in Australia as it was established as an Australian postal service Company under supervision of the government. As of today, it is fully privatized and has become a profit-making and customer focus company. Current CEO of the company is Andy Penn along with CFO Warwick Bray and COO Robyn Denholm. These three employees are considered as key management personnel of the company along with another member of the board of directors. As of 2017, the company has given employment to around 32000 people in Australia. In the last financial year that is 2017 has made a total revenue of 26 billion Australian dollars which indicates that this business is a high profit generating business. There are various offices of Telstra Corporation in Australia with the headquarter situated in Melbourne. As of 10th August 2018, the share price of the Companies listed at Australian dollar 2.84 (Telstra Corporation, 2018). 

The current financial condition of companies is very strong and it is also listed under ASX-100 list. ASX-100 List is a list in which ranking is given to Australian companies according to the capital of the company. Telstra Corporation is one of such companies which indicate that the market capitalization of the company is very good and it is already discussed that the revenue generating a capacity of the company is very high.

All of the services provided by Telstra Corporation are divided into three major categories that are personal, small business and business & Enterprise. Services provided to each of these categories of customers varies from each other. 

Personal- services of mobile, pre-paid mobiles, tablet, mobile broadband, broadband, smart home and TV, movies and music, etc. 

Small business- Products and services related to mobile phone, bundles, tablet, broadband, landline phones, e-commerce, etc. (Telstra Corporation, 2018)

Business and Enterprise- production services related to mobility, cloud, collaboration, customer related services, network services, internet of things etc. 

Major competitors of the company are Optus, Vodafone, , etc.

Please refer to this site for direct channel: https://smarterbusiness.telstra.com.au/growth/business-strategy/the-evolution-of-distribution

Please refer to this site for indirect channel: https://www.arnnet.com.au/article/597585/telstra-tiers-resellers-new-channel-program-structure/

Sales and distribution channel can be defined as a process through which an organization distributes its product and services to customers. Generally, this is a specified course that is used for distribution of product and services. It is important to set a specific distribution channel for each of the service so that product and services can reach to customers with effectiveness and efficiency (Jacobs, Chase and Lummus, 2014). There can be two type of distribution channels i.e. direct distribution and indirect distribution. Both of these distribution channels have their own advantages and disadvantages. Indirect distribution channels, there is no middleman and services are provided directly to the customer by the main organization. For this channel to be in effect an organization should have their own distribution channels but it will increase the overall cost of operations of the business. This type of distribution channel will also require a separate Department that should give an integral part of the organization. Generally, a direct distribution channel or not used by large organizations as they are more focused on their main operations of the business.

Indirect distribution channels distribution channel in which products and services are availability customer through various type of middleman such as a wholesaler, retailer, agent etc. In an indirect distribution channel business organizations outsources its distribution of products and services to various other companies. It is a better method of distribution of product and services as there are various services which could be performed only by a specialized organization (Mangan, Lalwani and Lalwani, 2016). For example, Cloud Computing services provided by a Telecom company are generally outsourced to IT organizations. This distribution channel is also adopted by Telstra Corporation. Business partner for distribution of cloud computing and other related services of Telstra Corporation is IBM cloud. Indirect distribution channels also help in providing Quality Services to its customer as such distribution companies are a specialized company that is working in a particular area of operation.

Distribution Chain of Telstra Corporation   

Where is the reference for this diagram above?

Suppliers are people or organization that are providing the raw material for the production of goods and services to the organization. These are also called as component suppliers for the company as they provide components for product and services that are manufactured by the company. These organizations are not exclusive organizations as they provide services to various other telecommunication companies. Therefore it is very important to maintain a good relationship with the contract with suppliers so that raw material can be obtained at lower prices or discounted prices. The raw material is purchased from the suppliers and transferred to contractor manufacturer for production of goods and services. In case of Telstra Corporation manufacturing processes conducted within the organization. After production of goods and services hardware produced by the company are transferred to service providers or distributors of the company. After this step, the product and service reach to the final consumer which can be a particular organization, retailer or individual consumer.

Sourcing material and services by Telstra Corporation

Effective and efficient procurement of material and services by an organization is a very important function as it can have a vital impact on the Cost structure of the company. It is considered that stability in the supply of material for the production of goods and services can have a vital impact on financial as well as the operational performance of the company. Basic Data Services for providing services of calling are generally allotted by the government on the basis of bids made by each of the telecommunication company. Telstra Corporation is one of the oldest companies with a large amount of financial and capital support, therefore bids made by it are generally more as compared to other competitors in the market. The main competition in the market is for the supply of other services such as cloud computing, high-speed internet, mobile phones, and other products and services manufactured by the companies. Telstra Corporation has specific procurement procedures and policies that are published by them on their official website under the heading “Suppliers” (Wang et.al, 2015). 

Telstra Corporation has been in business for around a hundred years and they consider their suppliers and partners very important resource for the business. In the year 2017, they purchased product and services from around 4800 suppliers that cost them around $6.5 billion (Telstra Corporation, 2018). This figure shows that company has various suppliers for their product and services and they do not depend on any particular group of suppliers. This is an advantageous situation for the company as they are not dependent for the production of their goods and services. Limitation of suppliers can affect overall cost structure of the company which will ultimately affect overall pricing of product and services. Telecommunication market in Australia is very competitive and each service provider is looking for a manner in which they can reduce their cost. As Telstra Corporation has a large number of suppliers then they have the power to negotiate with their suppliers and they can reduce their prices by getting discounts on their raw material. This will definitely give a competitive advantage to the company over its competitors. 

Telstra Corporation has a separate Department for procurement of raw material whether such a material is direct or indirect to the process of production. The primary function of this department is to purchase a diversified different range of products which can vary from office uniforms to satellite infrastructure. Suppliers of the company also range from small Companies to very large companies in Australia so that the above-mentioned range of products can efficiently satisfied. Some of the biggest Corporation that are suppliers of the company are Sony Ericsson, Google, and IBM. 

There are some specific steps that are followed by the organization and its purchase department before procurement of indirect or direct raw material. The steps are formulated so that the best quality raw material is purchased by the company and best possible services can be provided to the customer. 

Steps followed by the purchasing department of the company are as follows- 

1. Identification of requirements essential for the production of goods and services.
2. Internet step invitation is sent to the suppliers who produce a bid the company on their official website or through emails.
3. Each of the suppliers is assessed on a variety of factors such as quality of product and services, the value of money, duration of the contract, technology and innovation, the risk involved in doing business with such supplier, health procedures to be followed, reliability, robustness, scalability etc. 
4. At last best supplier is selected for a particular contract and negotiation is done on price with such supplier (Telstra Corporation, 2018).  

Another concert that was adopted by the company in relation to the procurement of supplies is sustainable procurement. Telstra Corporation is a member of the United Nations Global Compact which is an organization formed for insurance that all its member practice responsible business policies in the market (Telstra Corporation, 2018). There is another organization named “Joint audit Corporation” that is formed for verification, assessment, and development of Corporate Social Responsibility practices in suppliers. Telstra Corporation is also a member of this organization so that they can ensure that their suppliers are socially responsible. In addition to that Telstra Corporation has also formulated the supplier’s code of conduct that describes their expectation in relation to human rights, workplace safety, ethical business practices and supply chain management. 

These code of conduct also help in ensuring that other factors such as social factors and environmental factors are also considered while selecting a particular supplier. Some of the important points that are included in the supplier’s code of conduct are as follows-

1. Legal obligation- supplier should comply with all the legal requirements that our government of the country has imposed in which the supplier is operating along with regulations imposed by the government of Australia. 
2. Human rights- special consideration has been given to human rights and labor rights in this code of conduct formulated by the company. Some of the human right that should be followed by the supplier are as follows- 

• There should not be any discrimination with regard to gender, age, sexual orientation, race, pregnancy, disability, financial income etc. 
• There should be specific policies to deal with bullying and harassment at the workplace. 
• All the laws and regulation in relation to wages and benefits applicable in the respective country should be strictly followed by the supplier. Payment to workers shall be made at the decided time. 
• Working hours should also be in accordance with the workplace rules and regulations. 
• Practices such as forced labor, compulsory labor, child labor, etc. should be identified by the supplier in their organization and strict action should be taken against if such practices are continued.  (wheres the reference for this part above?)

1. Suppliers of the company should identify and follow all the workplace health and safety consideration to ensure that a safe working environment is available to the employees.
2. Environmental laws and regulation should also be followed by the supplier of the company. In addition to the legal obligations, they should also form their own practices for environmental protection. 
3. Being a supplier of Telstra Corporation, they might procure some operational confidential information that can be very useful for competitors. Therefore it is important that the supplier of the company maintain a certain level of privacy as desired by Telstra Corporation (Telstra Corporation, 2018).  

While getting into a contract with Telstra Corporation, a supplier of the company agrees all the code of conduct formulated by the company. Any violation of such codes can result in the termination of the contract and it can also result in a heavy penalty on part of the supplier.

Suggestions for improvement

Efficiency and effectiveness of supplies procurement policies of a company can be evaluated with the fact that it has been in business for over a hundred years and it is still the largest telecom service provider in Australia. Therefore it can be said that supplies procurement policies of the company are very effective and they are performing in favor of the company. There is one deficiency that is identified during the process of evaluating the procurement of supplies. Limitation identifies in the process is that the company should have some fixed and regular supplier that give priority to the Telstra corporation over other telecom service providers.

The distribution system of Telstra Corporation-

The distribution system is a system through which services are provided from the organization to a potential customer of the company. The separate distribution system has been selected by Telstra Corporation for the urban and rural population. Management of both of these type of distribution system is different but the general process used in the distribution of product and services is similar to each other. Product and services of the company such as mobile phone, SIM card, routers, Cloud Computing services, internet of things etc. are given to the authorized distributors of the company. Once the product reached to the distributor following process is followed by the distribution as per the distribution system authorized by Telstra Corporation (Kummetz et.al, 2017). 

All the sales field executives and retailers of the company are selected by the distributor of the company after getting permission from the management of Telstra Corporation. There is a specific code of conduct that all the organizations and individual involved in distribution system should follow while performing their functions on behalf of the company. 

In addition to the above-mentioned distribution channels, there are two additional distribution channels that are used by Telstra Corporation for the distribution of their goods and services. These channels are- 

Sale through official outlets- there are variously licensed and authorized Telstra outlets situated all over the Australian. The customer can locate the outlets an official website of the company and can purchase any of their product and services from such an outlet. These are very trusted outlets to purchase product and services as they are licensed and authorized by the pool (Karthikeyan and Nauck, 2017).

Online Trade 

This has become one of the most popular modes of accessing product and services due to its simplicity and ease of access. The intended customer can search for product and service of the company on their official website and order desired product or service on such online platform. Product and service will be delivered to address mentioned by the customer (Ahmad and Saifudin, 2014). It also has various modes of payment mode through which payment can be made by the customer online. 

Suggestions for improvement- (this improvement statement below does not carry any weight. Lecturer wants to see how advance and professional approach for improvements to the distribution system)

Telstra Corporation can get into a contract with its official partners such as IBM and other popular business partners who sell product and services at their stores. 

*****I need you to revamp the areas needed that goes with the assignment guide here:****

Discuss the supply chain structure of Telstra (marks: 10%)
• map its distribution chain;

• contract (if possible) etc.
  
  Discuss the sourcing materials and services; producing what type of goods/services
  (marks: 20%) • discuss the existing system; • suggest improvement from reputable sites
  
  Discuss the distribution system of the identified major customer
  (transportation and warehousing system (marks: 25%) 
• discuss the
  existing system; 
• suggest improvement with good substance/info; and • use model where ever feasible (MS Excel) (optional)

Demand and inventory management

Assessment of demand of an organization is a very important function of the management. Assessment of demand help in taking various operational and strategic business decisions. Every organization has specific policies and procedures through which they can identify the demand for products and services offered by them. There is a basic four-step strategy that is followed by Telstra Corporation for assessing demand of its product and services in the market. Description of strategy has been provided as follows-

Defining market

First of all management of the company identify all the potential end user that can be included in the target market of the company. The entire market is divided into various subdivisions as services provided in a particular market may not be needed in another market. For example services of large Cloud Computing storage facility will be more popular in the business organization as compared to individual customers. This categorization is done on the basis of various factors such as needs and requirement of the customer, value addition to business, the income-generating capacity of the population and other relevant factors.

Demand analysis and division into components 

In this stage Telstra Corporation asses, the demand of their product and services among their customers. This demand is analyzed on the basis of various primary and secondary research. These researchers are conducted by specialized research organizations who are contacted by Telstra. It is essential to contact such an organization as they specialize in this kind of services. After an analysis of the demand, entire demand is divided into smaller components so that a separate analysis can be done in detailed form. For example, a man can be subdivided into the demand of additional features, the demand for current, feedback, demand for improvement etc. 

Deciding and forecasting demand drivers

In this step, various factors will be analyzed on the basis of which such demand can be altered and customer satisfaction can be achieved.

Inventory management 

In this last step, inventory is produced and management in accordance with the demand for specific product and services. Telecom industry has to manage two type of inventories that is logical inventory and physical inventory. Physical inventory that can be physically assessed by the organization such as mobile phone, switches, routers, network wires etc. on the other hand logical inventory is a combination of non-physical items such as IP addresses and Mac addresses.   

Hence it can be said that inventory management and demand management are very important functions in a telecom company such as Telstra Corporation. 

Conclusion

It can be concluded that management of the company has been very effective in the long run of the company. Special consideration has been given to Supply Chain management of the company so that quality services can be provided to its customers at lower costs as compared to other telecom service providers in the country. This report has evaluated various aspects of supply chain management of Telstra Corporation such as distribution chain, supplier’s management, demand management, inventory management, supply chain structure etc. after evaluation of all of these functions of SCM, it can be said that SCM of the company is very effective and efficient. It has been working for the company for the last 100 years and it is expected to give a positive response to the company in the coming future.

References

Ahmad, N. and Saifudin, A.M., 2014. Supply chain management in telecommunication industry: The mediating role of logistics integration.

Jacobs, F.R., Chase, R.B. and Lummus, R.R., 2014. Operations and supply chain management (pp. 533-535). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Karthikeyan, V. and Nauck, D., British Telecommunications PLC, 2017. Content distribution system and method. U.S. Patent 9,674,245.

Kummetz, T., Ranson, C.G., Hanson, V.E. and Williamson, M.J., CommScope Technologies LLC, 2017. Optimized telecommunications distribution system. U.S. Patent Application 15/287,210.

Mangan, J., Lalwani, C. and Lalwani, C.L., 2016. Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley & Sons. 

Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015. Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning.

Telstra Corporation, 2018. About Procurement. Telstra Corporation Limited. Retrieved from: https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/our-company/supplying-to-telstra/about-procurement

Telstra Corporation, 2018. About Procurement. Telstra Corporation Limited. Retrieved from: https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/our-company/supplying-to-telstra/working-with-telstra

Telstra Corporation, 2018. About Procurement. Telstra Corporation Limited. Retrieved from: https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/our-company/supplying-to-telstra/sustainable-procurement

Telstra Corporation, 2018. About Us. Telstra Corporation Limited. Retrieved from: https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus

Telstra Corporation, 2018. Telstra whole Sale. Telstra Corporation Limited. Retrieved from:https://www.telstrawholesale.com.au/

Wang, Y., Wallace, S.W., Shen, B. and Choi, T.M., 2015. Service supply chain management: A review of operational models. European Journal of Operational Research, 247(3), pp.685-698.