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A la Carte Menu

Entrees

Garlic Bread	$6
Panko Crumbed PrawnsPanko Crumbed Prawns	$9
Buffalo Chicken Nibbles	$8
Salt & Pepper Squid	$7

Soups

Pumpkin Soup	$5
Potato and Leek Soup	$6
Cauliflower Soup	$7

Main course

Curry of the Day	$10
Vegetable Stir	$9
Chicken & Mushroom Lasagna	$6

Desserts

Selection of Ice Cream	$7
Mango Macadamia Cheesecake	$6
Sticky Date Pudding	$5

Side dishes

Chips	$4
Mixed Salad	$6
Creamy Mash	$7
Seasoned Wedges	$9

Cyclic Menu

Monday

Lunch Price($)

1	Chicken curry	6
2	Fresh fruit platter	3
3	Fruit smoothie	5
4	Beef lasagna	5
5	Indian Bread	4

Dinner

1	Pizza	6
2	Toasted whole meal English muffins	5
3	Fruity crumble	5
4	Rice cake	4
5	Creamy tuna pasta baked	8

Tuesday

Lunch

1	Mexican beef wraps	4
2	Banana bread	5
3	Veggie dipper	7
4	Chicken cheese Sandwich	6
5	Beef san choybau	5

Dinner

1	Spinach Au la martini	4
2	Vegetable platter	5
3	Chicken vegetable curry	8
4	Hot and cold leaves	7
5	Sonata bread sandwich	4

Wednesday

Lunch

1	Pasta bolognaise	5
2	Whole meal sandwich	4
3	Fruit bread pudding	6
4	Chili corn can rice	7
5	Pumpkin soup	3

Dinner

1	Pork san choybou	4
2	Beef and broccoli fry	8
3	Tuna and corn patties	9
4	Rainbow platter	7
5	Vegetable hot pot	3

Thursday

Lunch

1	Fish and chips	7
2	Tuna sashimi	5
3	Vegetable stir fry	3
4	Schnitzel chicken	4
5	Sticky date pudding	5

Dinner

1	Bacon cheese burger	3
2	Meat lovers’ pizza	5
3	Caesar salad	4
4	Kilpatrick oysters	5
5	Garlic bread	3

Friday

Lunch

1	Natural oyster	4
2	Japanese pork dumplings	5
3	Roquette& parmesan	6
4	Steak sandwich	7
5	Creamy chips	5

Dinner

1	Lava pudding	5
2	Chicken supreme	4
3	Lamb Rump	6
4	Crispy pork belly	7
5	Chicken breast	4

Buffet Menu

Theme

Alpine chalet theme

Take a trip to the forested hills this summer including an Alps Cottage style. Woodsy considered criminal can be used to steam up the space and render people appear like a cottage there in Mountains. It party will preferably be hosted in the night, with the visitors enjoying a relaxed sit-down meal. Select cushioned chairs and place burning torches, garlic cloves of elm, and snowberries on them to give the interior room a rustic feel. Path to success can do the job in conjuring up images of cold evenings enjoyed mostly on mountains, as well as the mirth and joy of the first day enjoyed downhill mountain biking a winter Dolomites.

Entrees

Candied tomatoes on basil leave	$6
Chicken and spinach dumplings	$5
Goat’s cheese pissaladiere tarts	$7

Soups

De arbol	$10
Chipotle BBQ	$9
Smoked jalapeno	$5

Main course

Spicy beef and bean nachos	$7
Shanghai dumplings	$4
Coq au vin	$6

Desserts

Lamingtons	$9
The iced vovo	$10
Chocolate craceles	$11

Side dishes

Spiced potato with whipped butter	$5
Oven- backed kumara chips croccoli	$7
Five grain salad	$12

Degustation menu

1st Course

House cured beetroot Salmon Mille Feuille, with wild roquette pickled cucumber salad drizzled with a vodka, dill crème fraiche dressing

$23

2nd Course

Freshly made Seafood Ravioli of the day

$15

3rd Course

Crisp skinned Barramundi fillet, on a bed of buttered potatoes, tomato and Kalamata olives	$23
Crispy skin Pork Belly on a bed of sweet braised cabbage & raisins, with a agro dolce sauce	$20
Sicilian Spiced roasted Aubergine, accompanied with roasted vine tomatoes, and Labneh	$23
Oceanside Surf & Turf of Kilcoy Grain Fed Eye Fillet, with grilled Australian King Prawns on a bed of truffled mash, with seasonal vegetables and bernaise	$27

Side dishes

Avocado Jellies	$15
Spencer Gulf Prawns with Pistou	$23
Parmesan Custard Tart with Quandong	$32

5th Course

Dessert Tasting Plate to share	$29
Finger Lime	$56

Ethnic menu

Entrée

Lamingtons	$33
Chicken parmigiana	$27
Barbecued snags	$28
A burger with the lot	$29
Pavlova	$33

Mains

Barramundi	$34
Meat pies	$26
Vegemite on toast	$33
Pumpkin soup	$20
Grilled kangaroo	$35

Dessert

Vegemite	$21
Anzac biscuits	$23
Fairy bread	$13
Tim tams	$17

Side dishes

Weet-Bix	$23
Pea and ham soup	$34
Macadamia nuts	$26
Emu	$28
Witchetty grubs	$26

Set menu

Entrée

Seafood &Savoury Platter	$24
Fire Cracker Squid with lime dip	$19
Crumbed Halloumi aioli tabouli	$20
Crispy Pork Belly with chilli plum sace	$10

Mains

Crispy Skin Roast Duck spring onion mash, broccolini& orange brandy sauce

Slow Roast Pork Belly with cranberry, apple potato gratin & apple sauce

Chicken Supreme with king prawns, garlic mash, jus and hollandaise sauce

Crispy Skin Atlantic Salmon n lemon & dill mash, asparagus & lime hollandaise

Lamb Rump with chorizo & herb stuffings, Yorkshire pudding & mint-pea purée

Penne Claudia with king prawns, garlic, white wine, cream, parmesan and chilli

Dessert platter

Banana Pudding

Raspberry & Coconut Semifredo

Eggnog CremeBrulee with Almond Biscotti

Side dishes

Roast Turkey Roulade with bacon, English spinach, chestnut & sweet cranberry chutney

Chicken Breast stuffed with Italian Sausage, prawns, herbs, served with steamed broccolini& port gravy Beef Wellington Tenderloin fillet with mushroom &paté, sweet peas, rosemary kipfler& red wine jus Veal San Remo with king prawns, smoked salmon, asparagus, cream and garlic

Surf ‘n Turf Scotch Fillet on mash with king prawns, red wine jus and hollandaise sauce

Herb Crusted Barramundi Fillet on mash with sweet pea purée

Baked Cannelloni stuffed with basil ricotta & black olives, topped with tomato buffalo mozzarella

Seasonal Menu

Entree

Saucy Burger Petties	$8
Miss Jo’s Marinated Orange Salad	$6
Kangaroo Caraway Burger	$7
Kangaroo Stew and Mushroom	$6

Soups

Zucchini soups	$5
Leafy Green Soups	$4

Main Course

Rosemary and Basil Roast Turkey	$6
Trellys Roast Wild Duck	$7
Crispy Stuffed Roasted Goose	$8
Duck Breast	$7

Deserts

Plum and Blackberry pavlova	$5
Double Chocolate pavlova	$4
Virginia’s Best Pavlova	$6

Berry Wines

Summer Beery Sangria	$8
Summer Berry Red wine spitzer	$9

Employees, volunteers, advertisers, vendors, spectators, attendees, and contributors are the main event partners. Secondary stakeholders are essential to the event’s viability and sustainability, but they do not have the same direct effect as stakeholders involved (Cantoni, L. Et al., 2015).

The report provides a more in evaluation of music festival crowd management and incident protection market dynamics as well as future projections to identify potential investment opportunities. There is discussion about the main factors, constraints, and openings, as well as an overview of their effect on the audience control & activity protection profit margin (Yoo, 2018).

Any shareholders’ perspectives are critical to the music festival’s sustainability. When organising an event for a rising audience, for example, it is critical to consult with prominent architects, hotel owners, security professionals, and strategic communications professionals (Dimbleby, 2020).

Stakeholder Analysis Assignment

The music festival’s organisers will also work collaboratively to provide necessary security equipment to ensure the event’s success (Yoo, 2018). As a result, it is critical to recognise the stakeholders whose resourcefulness could be critical to the success of an operation. Connecting with stakeholders involved aspect of the communication process among event management and other stakeholders (Dimbleby, et al., 2020).

It is important to communicate the development and performance indicators of an occurrence in order to manage objectives and obtain additional input (Calvó‐Armengol, et al., 2015). However, not all events necessitate frequent contact, while others necessitate continuous and continuous awareness and the ability to be functional. Stakeholder assessment is a technique in which activity planners make a concerted attempt to consider shareholders and how to incorporate their expectations to enhance the validity of an event (Yoo, 2018).

References

Calvó‐Armengol, A., De Martí, J., & Prat, A. (2015). Communication and influence. Theoretical Economics, 10(2), 649-690.

Cantoni, L., & Danowski, J. A. (Eds.). (2015). Communication and technology (Vol. 5). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.

Dimbleby, R., & Burton, G. (2020). More than words: An introduction to communication. Routledge.

Song, B., Zhou, X., Shi, H., & Tao, Y. (2018). Performance-indicator-oriented concurrent subspace process monitoring method. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 66(7), 5535-5545.

Yoo, D. (2018). Stakeholder Tokens: a constructive method for value sensitive design stakeholder analysis. Ethics and Information Technology, 1-5.

Executive summary

Coca-Cola, the world’s largest beverage brand, had come under criticism from shareholders for its failure to execute its business model successfully. As a result, it has enlisted the assistance of Pollinates Marketing Firm Pty Ltd to devise a comprehensive business model that will help the researcher in achieving its goals and success and eventually regaining its customer base.

Every aspect of the marketing plan must be thoroughly investigated and carefully studied when creating the right business plan. Analyzing data analysis, auditing the enterprise and current state of affairs, and thoroughly scrutinizing the beverage product or brand opportunities for Coca-Cola are all part of this process.

Introduction

In 1886 Dr. John Pemberton has developed a soft drink first time and sold it to a nearby pharmacy store. The goal is to get a wonderful work environment for workers to preserve increased performance, and to provide elevated drinks to meet a range of tastes whilst preserving resilient livelihoods for coming generations but maximizing value for shareholders. Coca-Cola will choose the most target market after thoroughly analyzing the internal business environments, as well as critically examining the sector as a whole. These objectives are achieved by efficiently and continuously tracking the strategic position of the company, as well as rewriting enhanced organizational processes.

Situational analysis of Coca Cola

The market analysis estimates the internal and external aspects of the business. The influence of the external factors and internal factors on the business of the cold drink firm in domain Coca Cola is the biggest drink company around the globe. This research will also examine the impact of globalization on the company and its market value worldwide. (Chernev, (2018))

Internal factors

The inner economic outlook and its impact are all that the company would impact to a certain degree. Productivity in the manufacturing process, as well as leadership abilities and efficient messaging services, are the most important characteristics of the homeostatic mechanisms.

To efficiently oversee the inner economic outlook, Coca-Cola must perform ongoing assessments of the company’s activities and quickly respond to every reason that influences shortfalls at any stage of the manufacturing and consumption processes. (Aghazadeh, (2015))

External factors

External business environments and their impacts are also huge obstacles that really can impact the entire sector, if not an overall industry. Internal differences can affect strategic options in the market, which Coca-Cola should be cautious of. Its achievement of Coca-Cola is greatly influenced by economic volatility, sudden economic ideas and behaviors, and population changes.

SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis is a short term of strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat available for the company. The SWOT method is an excellent approach in many senior branding and business situations. A SWOT analysis entails assessing the organization’s existing activities—its Strengths and Weaknesses—and therefore use that information, as well as outside relevant studies, to identify the Internal and External factors which occur. (Aghazadeh, (2015))

Strength

For something like a lot longer, Coca-Cola has become a complicated player in the global economy. That manufacturer’s picture is full like over, and so many things happened that picture on hearts. T-shirts, dresses, and keepsake collectibles all feature a Coca-Cola logo. One of Coca-largest Cola’s assets is its instantly identifiable brands. (David, et al., (2017))

Coca-bottling Cola’s process has become one of the strongest assets. It enables them to do enterprise on a national scale while also still maintaining a local focus. The bottler is self-generated by indigenous entrepreneurs who are permitted to distribute Coca-Cola goods. Although Coca-Cola doesn’t own the brewing networking completely,

Weakness

Weakness in a business model just as much minimum as possible to run the business with profits and positive outcomes in the business. a few days back the Coca-Cola has reported some losses in the business in Indonesia and Thailand because of their culture and demand of the market. Coca-Cola, on either hand, does harm oral health that is a medical problem. Also, it contains caffeine which means that consuming Coca-Cola regularly will lead to health complications. Coca-Cola addiction is indeed a medical condition, and consuming Coca-Cola every day has an impact on the body within a few months.

Opportunities

Coke’s great edge is heavily influenced by brand recognition. Coca-brand Cola’s identity is also recognized in 94.00% of the global market. Over the last several decades, the main interest was to make this named brand more well-known. Increases to branding do have an impact on advertising and business placement, however, the wider populace has been unaffected by existing innovations. Coca-bottling Cola’s system will enable an organization to take advantage of limitless global expansion possibilities. Coke would be able to serve a vast geographically diverse region as a result of this approach. (David, et al., (2017))

Threats

There are many threats but the threat of the new soft drink brand is not an issue for now with Coca-Cola. This industry is a very profitable business but there is some uncertainty in the business too. The consumers are not committed to the brand and product they always search for something new and exciting that tastes better than the previous product. The company must always spend acquits amount on the research and development of the company that provides some extra mileage to the brand value. Pepsi and Coke’s competitiveness had created a sluggish sector wherein managers should constantly adapt the evolving perceived quality of needs or reduce the financial performance to either the competitor. However, people will switch to many other drinks at no price and with little negative impact. (Chernev, (2018))

Product life cycle

When it comes to any item or brand ever put in front of a customer, all current commodities were deceased in the long run. As a result, each consumer is created, develops, evolves, and eventually dies. As a result, throughout the market, goods and services are produced, released, and withdrew through a procedure termed as Production Process. (Tomlinson, M. (2018))

A company must understand its device’s consumer management process to advertise it effectively. Construction, Invention, Expansion, Emotional intelligence, and Decrease were its six components of a typical project lifecycle. Coca-Cola is presently in the peak season, as indicated by the fact that they would have a huge, loyal, and consistent market share.

However, as the economy slows but sales volume is now the most significant source of financing, calculated value, market segmentation, or advertising became more essential. That value chain is more like a pattern in international markets. Coke’s superiority in either region stems primarily from its well-established brand value, and it can now use that region of analysis successfully to subsidies. (Singaram, et al., (2019)

Marketing objectives

Share objectives for market

To grow marketing share up to 61% in sector of beverages

Profit

To get a minimum 21% return on investment

Promotional

This is a major objective to increase customers

Growth

To achieve 20% growth in the field

Selecting targeted market

Following the completion of the different scenarios or the determination of the sales goals, the focus shifts to both the customer base. So because the media and entertainment industry is so big, the company can’t be something to everyone, so it has to pick and choose whatever product categories just have more upside. The target audience was its segment of a client base on which the company concentrates its efforts. Coca-target Cola’s market is everywhere Coca-Cola is sold. Coca-Cola aim soft drink marketplace, as it provides to the demands of an extensive range of clienteles, from the wellbeing aware via Coke Zero to just the common citizen via its greatest beverage, normal Soda Many Coca-Cola brands appeal to adults of all backgrounds, as research has shown that the Coca-Cola consumer is consumed by the majority of adults of all backgrounds. It is a huge market with a lot of opportunities. (Daniel, C. O. (2018))

There are many ways to approach the market but major techniques are

Mass marketing

Selective marketing

Differential marketing

Niche marketing

Development of market mix

This is one of the most critical processes of planning for marketing is the development of the marketing mix. In the process, marketing techniques are developed for every single product produced in the company. This procedure mainly focuses on major four factors i.e. price of the product, promotion strategy of the product, quality of the product, and the most important environment of the place. The business strategy should be formulated during that stage of the business development process to meet the needs of market segments to reach sales targets. Other very large entrepreneurs had continuously tracked or tweaked their promotional mix with response to various environmental influences, as well as tracked its performance of a business to optimize all traditional marketing elements. (Rey-López, et al., (2019))

Product

Most Brands were tangible items that you can possess or use in your house. However, the term “consumer” encompasses so much more than just tangible products. Throughout advertising, the good should also apply to something like a business, including vacation or even a film, when can receive any value of the products while controlling a final result. Its value proposition, its by such, as well as the expected cost were its 3 stages that the companies may feel of goods. That value proposition was its item that the customer purchases and the benefits it brings. Coca-Cola consumers purchase a variety of soft drinks. The components and features that produce the core product are the real product. Customers would purchase the Coca-Cola product because. (Tomlinson, M. (2018))

Branding strategy

It’s always difficult to pinpoint how they choose one specific service above another. Adidas and Nike splurge luring potential customers of other rivals’ goods that are close to mine. A label’s influence is often the primary consideration. Coca-Cola had invested thousands of dollars building or supporting the registered trademark over the years, with the ultimate effect being.

Target marketing plan, personal marketing plan, friend marketing plan, maker’s marketing plan, commercial marketing plan, but synthetic marketing plan were examples of brand positioning. Coca-Cola employs the Personal Marketing Strategies, in which the company’s biggest products are granted their respective brand names, such as Fanta, Sprite, and Coca-Cola, even though they are portrayed as separate lines. (Tomlinson, M. (2018))

Recommendations

Coca-Cola must have been very vigilant and respond to its customers or marketplace in meant to receive the right information at the right time and make changes what or once they are needed to navigate via the recent trend but continuous transformations of expenditure. This day is very valuable! Coca-Cola must also keep a close eye itself on its beverage rivals because this is what people think about when they think of Coca-Cola.
As a result, I might advise Coca-Cola will retain your existing design and it’s what they were known as, but the business must convey a little more about the occupations, the climate, wellbeing, and wellbeing to improve picture throughout the minds of its customers and then not only be known for producing beverages that cause obesity.
Packaging, while not well enough by corporations, is also an expensive tool mix to consider. Wrapping identifies the integrity throughout shipping, storage, that are used by customers. It also encourages the brand and sets itself apart from the market. Packaging allows a company to create sales promotions that can produce additional revenue.

Conclusion

The introduction of new instructional activities to be required in exchange for access to the larger and existing marketplace with a great potential thanks to the changes overall market. As a result, the business could concentrate on such businesses. It must also concentrate on communicating its human and ecological initiatives through the press in important to foster these favorably for their current and potential customers.

References

Aghazadeh, H. (2015). Strategic marketing management: Achieving superior business performance through intelligent marketing strategy. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 125-134.

Chernev, A. (2018). Strategic marketing management. Cerebellum Press.

Daniel, C. O. (2018). Effects of marketing strategies on organizational performance. International journal of business marketing and management, 3(9), 1-9.

David, M. E., David, F. R., & David, F. R. (2017). The quantitative strategic planning matrix: a new marketing tool. Journal of strategic Marketing, 25(4), 342-352.

Rey-López, J. P., & Gonzalez, C. A. (2019). Research partnerships between Coca-Cola and health organizations in Spain. European journal of public health, 29(5), 810-815.

Singaram, R., Ramasubramani, A., Mehta, A., & Arora, P. (2019). Coca Cola: A study on the marketing strategies for millenniums focusing on India. IJARD, ISSN, 2455-4030.

Tomlinson, M. (2018). The Impact of Design Thinking on Driving Innovation Within Large Businesses.

Question 1

All-encompassing the issues of the relation that shall confront inconsistently inappropriate the faced within the organization that the propel shall treat the new employer and the policies that could help to understand the situations which shall consistently be handling the workplace situations (West,2015).

Identify the need for a policy

The employers need to ensure fairness and the Management’s willingness to respond to specific employee requirements, including directives and standards, as well as consistent procedures and legal enforcement. If workers’ actions show a lack of understanding regarding proper behavior, the organization’s need for clear expectations and guidelines understood as a contract should be addressed. Employees can only be fired “without cause,” according to the policy.

Obtain Stakeholders Support

Far too frequently, those who are required to carry out the rules have been drafted, so it’ll be crucial to coordinate so that the appropriate changes can be made before legal counsel completes its final regulatory review administrators and superiors who will be expected to enforce the legislation.

Communicate with employees

Employees should be given context information to help decide the right way to implement the policy. Employers should provide a contact tool that allows staff to ask questions about the policy and ensures that the policy is known whether they use e-mail or a business memo. The most effective way to disseminate the policy Employees should be provided with sufficient information to allow them to make well-informed decisions.

Update and Revise the policy

Policies can be checked regularly to ensure that they are compliant with federal and state regulations as well as the organization’s requirements. They demonstrate the organization’s commitment to positive work on unequal workplace practices and function as experts on human resources or employment policy implementation. The majority of analysts recommend that policies be thoroughly reviewed at least once a year(West, 2015).

Purpose statement

The mission statement explains pride and encourages trust on the part of such people to add to the corporate culture and integrity this section provides information about particular laws, standards, or organizational actions to have a positive impact on consumers.

Lack of direction from yourself or others

The lack of concrete priorities and strategies to help you step ahead and develop your creative skills is the first impediment to creative thinking. When you’re crystal clear about what you want to do, the imaginative mind comes alive.

Being afraid of failure

The second biggest impediment to imaginative thought is the fear of disappointment or losing, which becomes the main cause of failure. It’s the fear of being mistaken, of making an error, of failing, and of handling problems in an unsuccessful manner.

Being afraid of rejection

The anxiety of being judged by others, including those you don’t know or care about, is the third big impediment to imaginative thinking. As a result, you conclude that they are reluctant to market themselves or their business ideas (Dvouletý, 2017).

Never changing or adapting to the situation

“Homeostasis” is a huge impediment to innovative thought. There seems to be an inexorable latent pressure to continue using the amazing powers of rationalization to defend your refusal to change. Homeostasis is a huge stifled of human capacity, and it can obstruct progress. It’s the uncertainty of doing something new or doing something different.

Not Thinking Proactively

Instead of thought proactively and positively, the thinking becomes passive and automatic. When you recommend or present a new concept or way of doing something, they normally respond with negativity and discouragement, similar to a muscle that hasn’t been used everywhere.

Question 2

Frontload your Campaign

Select members of the entrepreneurial inner circle open their initiative to the public to ensure that they receive more than 30% of support in the first week. Although friends and family are eager to help, the world needs to feel as though they are a part of something good (West, 2015).

Tell a great story

How would it assist the reader or someone you’ve enlisted their support with, in caring for something? willing to part with their money to be a part of the plot, but not motivating. Why is it unique if you want people to open their wallets? (Dvouletý,2017).

Make a great Video

Gain four times as much money as someone who doesn’t have a plot, no matter how amazing it is. sends the message that the company isn’t serious about its work. Consider it a visual representation. It should be well-edited and scored, as an amateurish video can give the impression that you aren’t serious about your business, and bad production can be distracting.

Look professionals from all angles

Spend time and/or money on good photography and copywriting. Investors would be skeptical if you skimp on the show. Along with your high-quality footage, don’t scrimp on something that points to great photography and copywriting.

Be detailed and specific

Keep in mind that the target isn’t simply to yell, “Give us money!” launching a new venue, first production run, you must break down where the funding you’re looking for must be concrete, practical, and based on fixing platforms; otherwise, you would not get any funds if your campaign did not involve your supporters in caring about the problem. To that end, make each campaign’s goals as modest as possible.

Offer multiple price points

However, because of the pricing level, more price points indicate that you have enough perks to sell for higher amounts. Several ads have price points in the hundreds of dollars. be eligible to participate in your initiative, and some will even have solutions in the thousands, A slim, intangible perk for donations is offered by some campaigns.

Spread the Word

Use any possible tool to spread the word about the initiative, including email blasts, to inspire readers to share the message, tweet, or contribute(Dvouletý, 2017).

Positives of Crow funding Campaign

It provides access to capital

Crowd funding is a fantastic way to raise funds for a project by enlisting the help of the group in return for a small donation. An entrepreneur may believe that, apart from their tangible goods or other relative talents, there is nothing else they can do. Platforms that offer rewards for approved donors raise funds through crowd funding (West, 2015).

It hedges Risk

In its current form, crowd funding enables a business to achieve market validation. Launching a crowd funding campaign protects you from business validation issues as well as other investors who want a slice of your business. Creating a business is a dangerous and difficult undertaking.

It serves as a marketing tool

These users are also crucial for social marketing because they can distribute and spread the message to their networks for viral marketing. After all, they can distribute and spread the word to their contacts using social media mechanisms, organic visits from unique users, and future funders. Many crowd funding sites have social media features built-in.

It gives proof of concept

Any angel or institutional investor’s first issue would almost always be in the lines of proof of concept. An effective crowd funding strategy was built on the ability to show supporters and persuade them. When it comes to trust and dignity, you know you’re on the right track (West, 2015).

Disadvantages of Crow Funding

Scrutiny and Rejection

The campaign may be forgotten. If you don’t follow any of their standards, your campaign will never be noticed, even if you have a good idea.

Competition

Because of its intrinsic benefits, crowd funding has become extremely common. Finding a spot for yourself necessitates a well-thought-out strategy for standing out from your rivals. If your campaign is approved, you’ll be up against some tough competition (Caniëls, et al., 2015).

Meeting the threshold

The downside is that if you don’t follow the criterion, you won’t be able to get all of the rewards on those crowd funding sites. The all-or-nothing scheme is used on certain crowd funding sites, but it’s common enough to warrant your attention.

`Leaking valuable Information

Crafted a slew of related items that sold for a fraction of the cost of the original Fidget Cube. You could even run the risk of leaking sensitive knowledge about the goods to the packaging firms.

The risk of failure

An unsuccessful crowd funding effort indicates that your marketing idea isn’t good enough—at least not for the vast majority of people. A venture capitalist won’t let you list the same product twice. While crowd funding isn’t right for every company or entrepreneur, it can help you increase your chances of success (Caniëls, et al., 2015).

Question 3

Good entrepreneurs are born, and they must learn to adapt their characteristics in a specific manner. Since no one is born with any of the traits required to be 100 percent successful on their own, no one is born with all of them. He led me to our office window and instructed me to observe the hot dog vendor. So, yeah, some nurturing from people who care for your development is needed. Entrepreneurs are born and made, in my opinion. These newly successful pioneers were conceived and raised to succeed. It is also not uncommon for these two powers to collide. Entrepreneurs should not appear anywhere. Entrepreneurs are not like athletes in that they do not need a natural body or muscles, but they do require some preparation and experience. Many people from non-entrepreneurial backgrounds have made a lot of money thanks to his unusual and reliable stock market predictions. Entrepreneurship’s most important characteristic is creativity, which does not come naturally. Any year, Apple will introduce a new product or improve a current product, and the huge popularity of the phone, iPod, and Mac has made Steve Jobs the most well-known successful entrepreneur in the world. Instead of inheriting their companies from their fathers, they started their businesses as a green hand. As a result, we cannot assume that entrepreneurs are born. The difficulty with finding consistency is that it is something that everyone is born with, and the potential arises from those challenges. The processes of running a company become his or her conditional reflex, and business terminologies and skills become their vocabulary. The third attribute of entrepreneurship is intelligence, which is learned by schooling rather than being innate. As an entrepreneur, you’ll need to know not only how to read financial statements, but also how to calculate financial ratios. Henry Ford gave up the majority of his stock in exchange for the necessary cash, and it took him longer than he wanted to earn funds to buy back his stock(Caniëls, et al., 2015).

Curiosity- This is dependent on having a strong interest in various fields of analysis. Great developers are tasked with identifying new challenges and identifying possible niches.

Time-Management- Methodologies for project management and time distribution that get the job done Prioritization, milestone definition, implementation, and iteration without allocation technique.

Strategic thinking- Defining the MVP’s reach and putting ideas to the test Learning to break down a challenge to the bare essentials and uncover possibilities by looking for low-hanging fruit (Ali, et al., 2019).

Efficiency- Changing between various chores and making successful day-to-day improvements When it comes to solving a problem, high performance is needed.

Resilience- Handling rejections, heat, burnouts, loss of focus and slow progress in developing a company from the ground up are all important.

Communication- Any contact with customers, partners, peers, clients, and prospects requires effective communication.

Networking- Business ventures, collaboration agreements, locating subcontractors, and potential hires are all made easier by rowing a network.

Finance- Entrepreneurs must efficiently manage capital and closely evaluate assets in terms of return on investment (Caniëls, et al., 2015).

Branding- Creating a cohesive personal and professional identity that is targeted to the right audience.

Sales- Creating distribution funnels and revenue opportunities that are predictable for future growth. Being at ease with doing outreach and developing new market ventures helps you turn more leads and engage in distribution platforms.

Strong entrepreneurs also have an evangelistic appeal, and they see it differently. They aren’t afraid to find solutions that the majority of people overlook or are too afraid to try. Taking risks can result in spectacular failures as well as spectacular successes(Ali, et al., 2019).

References

Ali, I., Ali, M., Leal-Rodríguez, A. L., & Albort-Morant, G. (2019). The role of knowledge spillovers and cultural intelligence in enhancing expatriate employees’ individual and team creativity. Journal of Business Research, 101, 561-573.

Caniëls, M. C., & Rietzschel, E. F. (2015). Organizing creativity: Creativity and innovation under constraints. Creativity and Innovation Management, 24(2), 184-196.

Clauss, T., Breitenecker, R. J., Kraus, S., Brem, A., & Richter, C. (2018). Directing the wisdom of the crowd: the importance of social interaction among founders and the crowd during crowdfunding campaigns. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 27(8), 709-729.

Dvouletý, O. (2017). Does the self-employment policy reduce unemployment and increase employment? Empirical evidence from the Czech regions. Central European Journal of Public Policy, 11(2), 11-22.

Liu, Y. (2017). Born global firms’ growth and collaborative entry mode: the role of transnational entrepreneurs. International Marketing Review.

Looi, K. H., & Khoo-Lattimore, C. (2015). Undergraduate students’ entrepreneurial intention: born or made?. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 26(1), 1-20.

Mohammadi, A., & Shafi, K. (2015). The contribution patterns of equity-crowdfunding investors: Gender, Risk aversion, and Observational learning. Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS-Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.

Rosairo, H. R., & Potts, D. J. (2016). A study on entrepreneurial attitudes of upcountry vegetable farmers in Sri Lanka. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies.

West, D. M. (2015). What happens if robots take the jobs? The impact of emerging technologies on employment and public policy. Centre for Technology Innovation at Brookings, Washington DC.

Solution 1

Issue

In this case Perisher is the manufacture of the ski equipment that operate around Victoria, from 1May 2019 company provided a car to one of its employees Nikita, as her work is related to travelling, it is not restricted to her to use for private purpose, she travelled for 12000 kilometers and incurred $770 for the expense of the car that was repaid by the company, it is not used for 15 days in this year due to repair and other air travel by the Nikita, Perisher purchased this car for $44000 including GST and $2000 for dealer GST. This question wants to calculate the FBT applied on this transaction in the hand of Perisher.

Legal Issue: Section 136(1) of the Fringe Benefit Tax Assessment Act 1986(FBTAA1986) Deals the case as part, the provision of use of car of company is FBT and the provision of FBT are applicable on this (Dean & Sopher, 2018).

Rules

What is car benefit: If an employer provided car for the use of employees it is counted in car benefit provided by the employer, if the car is used by the family members of the employees or for the personal use of the employee than it is also FBT.(Sec.7 of FBTAA1986)

There are two method of calculation of FBT:

statutory formula method: As per this method following formula is used to calculate the taxable value of the car:

A x B x C – E

In this

A = the base value of the car
B = the statutory fraction
C = Car available for private use
D = No. Of days in tax year
E = the amount of any employees payment ( employee contribution)

Base value is calculated as per the ownership of car, in the given assignment the car is owned by the employer so the provision is:

Cost price of the car

Add: cost of accessories

Add: GST

Add: Dealers delivery charges

Excluding stamp duty and insurance

Base value of the car

Note: The base value of the car is reduced by 1/3 if the FBT year is after 4th anniversary of the car, but in given problem the holding period is the same as FBT year so it is not reduced (ATO, 2020).

Statutory fraction

Kilometer traveled in FBT year	Statutory fraction
Less than 15000	26%
15000 to 24999	20%
25000-40000	11%
Over 40000	7%

Note after 2011 a uniform rate 20% is followed

Formula for annualized kilometer

A x B/C

A=Kilometer traveled

B=Days in tax year

C=Car held in FBT year

Operating cost method:

Operating cost method covered under SECT 10 of FBTAA1986, as per this section the taxable value of the car is find out by using following formula

(C x(100%-BP))-R

C= Operating cost for the car

BP=Percentage for use in business

R=Amount paid by recipient

Car is owned by the employer: In such a case following are included in the cost of the car.

Car expense incurred by the employer for the cost, registration, repair, Fuel and other are included in the cost of the car and deemed depreciation are also the part of the cost of the car (ATO, 2020).

Depreciation is calculated as per the diminishing value of the assets

25% of the value of the car on or after May 2006

Deemed interest is also calculated in this case that is as per the applicable rate of interest (Ingles, 2016).

Exempt car benefit:

Private Use of Car: use of car by the employee in such a way that it is not generated revenue for the business of the employer is called car use for private purpose for example:

Travel between office to home is private use
Travel between one part of business to another part of business is business in use

So it is self-explanatory that car is used for private at work, it is depend on the nature of use, for instance employee going for a trip and park the car at airport and keep the keys of car in his custody then it is private in use.

In some situation where car is held for number of days for garage for repair, in this situation the car is not treated for private use from the date of held for repair to collect from repair.

Taxable value of car benefit: Section 7 to 13 of Fringe benefit tax assessment act 1986 deals with the taxable value of the FBT and calculation of FBT.

Application

Thorough application of tax law (e.g. ITAA 1936 and ITAA 1997) to material facts in Perisher’s case.

In Perisher’s case Division 28C, 28F, and 28 G of ITAA1997 is applied with this section 51AJ, and 51AF ,51AH of ITAA1936 is also applicable.
As per this there are two method of calculation car expense those are allowed in the hand of taxpayer:

Cent per kilometre method: As per this method: This method is use for the individuals and sole traders or partnership firm, in this a set of rate is applied and maximum 5000 per individual per year.
Log book method: In this method the work-related expense are allowed for deduction, under this method:

Claim is based on business use percentage
Expense allowed are the business use and other but not the cost of the car
In this method a log book is required for minimum continuous 12 week
Cost of fuel can be claimed
Written evidence for all the expense is required

Accurate conclusion of the FBT calculation:

Taxable value under statutory formula method:

Base value =$44000+2000=$46000

Annualised kilometres =12000-5=11995*365/336=$13030

(Total no. Of days from 1st May2019 to 31st March2020 is 336days)

Statutory fraction=20%

No. Of days available for private use is 336-10=326

Taxable value=46000*20%*326/365=9200

Note: we are taken standard 365 in place of 366 days in case of leap2020.

Taxable value under operating cost method:

Deemed depreciation=46000*25%*336/365=$10586

Deemed Interest=46000*5.85%*336/365=$2477.19

Expense $770

Operating cost=770+10586+2477=$13833

Taxable value=13833*(100-20) %=$11066

Conclusion

So, it is better for the Perisher Pty Ltd to use the statutory method because from using this method, he could claim the deduction for the private purpose which is computed as $ 689.

Note: we assume that the car is used 20% for business as per log book.

Solution 2

Issue

Material fact

Antique painting: In this case Antique painting given by Taryn father 5 year ago, her father brought this on 20th August 1984, Taryn sold it on 1st June 2020, in this the provision of Capital gain is applicable, as per Income Tax Capital Gain collectables are define in subsection108-10(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, as per this section, any assets acquire before 20th September 1985 are pre-CGT assets and are exempt from capital gain liability.

Taryn sold her car for $12000 on 20th May 2020, this one is purchased by her on 1st January 2015 for $20000, This car is counted in luxury car, in this case Taryn is liable to pay luxury car tax, a luxury car is the car that value including GST is higher than luxury car tax limit, and the previous paid tax is reduced in this case (Harding, 2013).
Taryn sold Harry potters collection that is capital assets and subject to capital gain, she brought it for $350on 10th October 2018, and sold $1500 on 4th January 2020, in this case if the cost of item is $300 or less then immediate deduction can be claim if it is satisfied following requirements(www.ato.gov.in)

It is used for earning of assessable income.
It is not the part of set of income acquired for more then $300
It is not the identical item.

Rules

There are two method of used to reduce the cost of depreciable assets that are:

Immediate deduction
Decline in value

Sale of gold necklace on 20th march 2020, she brought it on 2018 for $1200, as per the applicable provision of the ITAA1997 ,it is covered under the provision of Collectables, and the provision of collectable specified that any collectables those are acquired for $500 or less then it is not attract the CGT event (ATO, 2020).
Taryn sold a sculpture for $6,000 on 1 January 2020, she bought it on December 1994, as it is covered under the provision of collectables, SECT995.1 is applicable in this regard.

Identification and analysis of legal issues:

It is covered in collectables it is defines in section 108-10(2) of the income tax assessment act 1997. CGT assets that are personal in nature are included in antiques, the provision defines that any amount that received from sale of capital assets are not attract the CGT if the value of the assets $500 or less at the time of acquired of the assets, so in this case no CGT event has occur, as per the given case the value of the collectibles is $2500 at the time of acquire so it is attract CGT, as it is not $500 or less (ATO, 2020).
This transaction attracts luxury car tax, as the model of the car covered in luxury so it is required to pay this tax. LCT is required to pay in this case.
In this case Trayn sold her Harry potters collection that was brought by her for $350 in 2018, as it is sold for 1500 it is also not attract the CGT event as the value of the assets is less than $500 so it is not attract this (Shams, e al., 2013).
Sale of gold item are subject to capital gain or loss so it is subject to capital gain, it is counted in collectibles same as other antiques but it attract taxes when profit received from sale of such gold necklace, a long term collectibles attract 28% taxes, in this case any amount which is received as profit by sale of gold is liable for tax (ATO, 2020).
Trayn sold a sculpture for $6000, it is also counted in collectible, sect.995.1 is applicable that describe that, it is required valuation if it is acquired before 1st July 2011 and sold before July 2016 then no need of valuation.

Application

Thorough application of ITAA 1997 to material facts:

Collectibles and personal use assets cover under SECT118.10 of ITAA 1997

Capital gain or loss from collectibles is disregarded if the cost of the assets is $500 or less and it is depreciable assets.

Some special rules are applied on the collectibles if some interest in it few are listed below:

Artwork, jewellery and antiques

A rare folio or books

Postage stamp

It is also disregarded if the cost of the assets is $500 or less

Note: In case the interest is develop on before 16the December 1995 then capital gain is disregarded, if it is acquired for $500 or less, section 118-10 of Income Tax (Transactional Provision) Act 1997.

Note: If the assets is depreciable and the value of the assets is $10000 or less then it is disregarded.

Note: Capital loss on personal use assets are disregarded subsection 108-20(1).

Conclusion

In this case the assets is purchases before 20th September 1985 so it is not attract the capital gain as the capital gain tax is not in existence on that day.

Sale proceed from Antique painting 20000

Less cost of sale 1500

Profit from sale 18500

Less @50% 9250

Capital gain 9250

This is luxury assets so it is attracting the LCT and it is required to pay it. It is calculated as per the following formula

(LCT Value-LCT threshold) x10/11*33%

As it is also part of collectibles and the purchases price is not more than $500 so it is not attracting the CGT.
Sale of gold necklace is subject to tax; it is calculated as follows:

Sale proceed $2000

Less cost $1200

Profit $800

Tax @28% so the required pay tax is 800*28/100=224

Sale of sculpture is subject to payment of tax as the sale proceed is $6000 so the applicable tax rate is 12% if it is 100 years of age but in this case the age of assets is not 100 years so in this case the sculpture is not under this preview so it attract general rate of tax.

References

ATO, 2020. Welcome to Australian taxation office, 2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/GST/In-detail/Your-industry/Motor-vehicle-and-transport/GST-and-motor-vehicles/?page=3 [Accessed on: 3/09/2020].
ATO, 2020. Welcome to Australian taxation office, 2020 [Online]. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Newsroom/smallbusiness/Lodging-and-paying/Cars-and-tax/ [Accessed on: 3/09/2020].
Dean, M. and Spoehr, J., 2018. The fourth industrial revolution and the future of manufacturing work in Australia: Challenges and opportunities. Labour & Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work, 28(3), pp.166-181.
Harding, M., 2013. Taxation of dividend, interest, and capital gain income.
Ingles, D., 2016. Does Australia need an annual wealth tax?(And why do we now apply one only to pensioners). And Why Do We Now Apply One Only to Pensioners)(March 1, 2016). Tax and Transfer Policy Institute Working Paper-3/2016.
Shams, S.M., Gunasekarage, A. and Colombage, S.R., 2013. Does the organisational form of the target influence market reaction to acquisition announcements? Australian evidence. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 24, pp.89-108.

Assessment Task 1: Written Questions

Discuss the purpose of risk management standards. Include an example of a risk management standard in your answer.

Purpose of risk management standard is to state mechanisms and techniques to combat some of risks affecting transactions of business. These standards provide best guidelines to deal with risks in long run.

Example: ISO14971 International standard for managing risks concerning medical devices.

Outline the AS/NZS ISO 31000: 2009 Risk Management Principles and Guidelines and each of the 11 principles.

ISO 31000 function as a guideline, mechanism, logic, design and framework for risk management paternal structure and its procedure.

11 principles comprise of:

Risk management formulates and sustains value (Vazdani, et. al., 2017).

Risk management is a core element of all organisational procedures.

Risk management is an attribute of decision making.

Risk management extensively responds to uncertainty.

Risk management is a systemised, structured and time based framework.

Risk management is relied on best available details.

Risk management is personalized.

Risk management takes care of human and cultural attributes.

Risk management is apparently visible and inclusive.

Risk management is vigorous, iterative and reactive to change.

Risk management leads to continuous enhancement of an entity (Singh & Sur, 2018).

Explain the requirements of WHS legislation in relation to risk management.

It is stated for employer in systematic management of risks arriving from hazards of workplace. Following are measures for managing risks:

Identification of reasonable foreseeable risks,
Elimination of risks through following standard management of risks,
Minimisation of risks through identifying risks and following standards,
Implementation of risk control mechanisms (Aithal, 2017).

List the factors that must be taken into account in determining risk control measures for hazardous manual tasks as stated in the model Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011.

Postures, movements, vibrations attached with hazardous manual tasks
Time period and frequency of hazardous manual tasks,
Conditions of workplace environment which can impact hazardous manual tasks,
Structure of work area,
Designing of work area

Explain the purpose of risk management policies and procedures in the workplace.

To make workplace safer and optimum for achieving objectives,

To improve performance of employees through less presence of hazards (Vazdani, et. al., 2017).

To comply with suitable secure mechanisms in order to encourage employees for achieving targets on time,

Making employees focus on objectives of company.

List three examples of the impact of risks for a workplace if risks are not identified or actioned.

It can result in death of employee or severe injuries.

It can result in temporary or permanent cessation of work by employee or employees.

It can impact quality of performance delivered by employees at workplace.

Outline a step-by-step procedure that companies can use for analysing risks.

Identification of risks at workplace,

Analysis of risks (Singh & Sur, 2018).

Evaluation or giving rank to risks,

Treatment of risks identified,

Monitoring and reviewing risks

Outline three sources of information that a company could use to gather information on potential risks.

Surveys and questionnaires, eye witnessing of location at which risk is found, application submitted to officer for presence of risk

Describe three examples of tools or techniques that a company could use to identify risks as part of a risk assessment process.

Information collecting mechanisms,

Documentation reviews and feedbacks,

Interviewing

Explain four options that a company could take to control risks.

Avoidance,

Reduction,

Transferring,

Retaining or accepting

Explain four procedures that a company could use to minimise risk.

Avoidance,

Reduction,

Transferring,

Retaining or accepting

Exploiting,

Ignoring

Assessment Task 2: Risk management project

Develop a risk briefing report.

Risk Briefing Report

Introduction

As there will be expansion of retail outlets of the company hence there will be some risks associated with conduct of business such as environmental risk, identifying customers in new area, formulation of marketing strategies are some of risks which will be present. Therefore analysis must be made concerning such areas so as to devise mechanisms to combat such risks.

Scope

Risk management procedure shall be applicable to various levels of entity including strategic, program, project operational as well as other activities. It will also be applied to internal and external environment (Aithal, 2017).

PESTLE Analysis.

Political Factors

Factor	Risk treatments as applicable
*Change in law*	Change in laws and legislations can affect operations and transactions of company which can either make profitable or result in loss of company. Hence it should adopt law
*Change in political party*	Change in political parties may alter transactions of company (Kawano, 2020). For an illustration company may have to pay higher taxes in case of governance of one party or it may enjoy relaxation in case of other party.
*Trade tariffs*	Trade tariffs can also impact operations of a company. Hence it should adopt practices which are sustainable and ethical (Theodore, et. al., 2019).
*Tax policies*	Company must comply with all tax regulations and terms in order to avoid bearing penalties and high tax costs.

Economic Factors

Factor	Risk treatments as applicable
*Interest rate*	Interest rate can determine loan availability of company hence company must use suitable resources to take loans (Kawano, 2020).
*Customs and culture followed*	Customs and culture followed in a location in which company is operating its functions can either grow or degrade operations of company. Hence it should adapt cultures of local communities.
*Inflation rate*	Inflation rate can alter operations and transactions of company. Hence company must frame policies as per this rate.
*Demand and supply*	Demand and supply attributes can determine adequacy of transactions of company (Theodore, et. al., 2019).
*Tax rate*	High tax rates can alter transactions of company. Hence company must adopt practices which do not let it to pay penalties and high tax burden.
*National Income*	Company must adopt practices which can help it towards growing income of company.

Technological Factors

Factor	Risk treatments as applicable
E-commerce	Company must adopt practice of conducting online deliveries and operations (Creighton, 2017).
New technological technique	It should adopt techniques which can enhance its operations and increase revenues.

Legal Factors

Factor	Risk treatments as applicable
*Tax regulation*	Due to high tax regulation or non-compliance with tax regulations company has to bear penalties hence it should pay taxes on time.
*Employment legislation*	Company must employ and recruit personnel as per regulations of government (Eberendu, et. al., 2018).
*Labour legislation*	Company must employ and recruit personnel as per regulations of government and as per rates fixed by governmental bodies.

Environmental Factors

Factor	Risk treatments as applicable
*Climate change*	Due to change in climate company may not find suitable raw materials for conduct of operations.
*Environmental policies*	Some of environmental policies may alter business strategies of company (Creighton, 2017). Hence it should be taken care of by company. Company must adopt ethical and sustainable practices to operate in long run.

Risks

Risk	Treatment
*Environmental policies*	Some of environmental policies may alter business strategies of company. Hence it should be taken care of by company. Company must adopt ethical and sustainable practices to operate in long run (Eberendu, et. al., 2018).
*Difficulty in recognising target group*	Company must adopt mechanisms to identify target group of company.
*Tax regulation*	Due to high tax regulation or non-compliance with tax regulations company has to bear penalties hence it should pay taxes on time.
*Employment legislation*	Company must employ and recruit personnel as per regulations of government.
*Competitiveness*	Company has to adopt practices which can maintain competitiveness with its rivals and give them huge competition (Sawatzky, 2017).

Internal and external stakeholder analysis

Internal stakeholders: Management, board members and employees

Management may want high profits from less incurrence of expenses.

Employees want high wages optimum as per their hard work.

Board members also want to adopt practices which can increase worth of their company.

External stakeholders: Customers, vendors and government

Customers want high quality products in optimum costs.

Suppliers want optimum prices of raw products delivered.

Government want to obtain fees and other legal charges due to conduct of operations in local community (Sawatzky, 2017).

Strengths and weaknesses

Costs: As company function in herbal and eco- friendly products hence it has to incur high costs to make products.

Profits: As per present functions and transactions of company through utilisation of eco- friendly raw materials it is high in demand among customers. Hence it is incurring adequate profits.

Inventory: Company keeps adequate stock neither excess in quantity nor deficient in quantity which promotes growth of company.

Competition: As there are many rivals operating in same industry hence there is high competition in the market.

Marketing: Company need to adopt several marketing strategies which can promote growth and worth of company (Kawano, 2020).

Critical success factors

It includes:

Using quality raw materials for manufacturing business,

Devising innovative marketing techniques for promotion of products,

Making transactions convenient for customers through adopting online delivery options,

Using sustainable and ethical mechanisms for operating transactions of company

Send an email to the CEO (your assessor).

CEO

Nature Care products

Sub: Informing about formulation of risk briefing report

Kindly note that as management of Nature Care products is planning to expand its operations in Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne therefore risk briefing report has been developed to analyse risks associated with setting up of business. Each area of risk is identified and estimated hence provide your feedback against it so that it can be implemented further. I am attaching risk briefing report for your review.

Thanking you,

Operations Manager

Send an email to your team (your assessor).

Team

Nature Care products

Sub: Conduct of discussion concerning risks associated with expansion of business

Kindly note that as management of Nature Care products is planning to expand its operations in Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne therefore discussion has to be made in a meeting which is scheduled on 10-09-2020 at 11:00 a.m.. A brainstorming session will be arranged in which discussion shall be made concerning presence of risks associated with it. You are welcome to suggest some creative risk management techniques and identifying suitable risks concerning expansion of business. Kindly register your presence and report your valuable contribution towards company. It can prove effective for us and good recommendations shall be liable for rewards.

Thanking you,

Operations Manager

Conduct team meeting.

Operations Manager: As management of Nature Care products is planning to expand its operations in Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne therefore there are some risks which are present concerning expansion of business.

Operations Manager: Risks such as identification of target groups, estimated sales of products, awareness of customers regarding products of company, interest of customers for buying products. It also includes exchange rates, growth of economy, kind of technology used, etc. You can also suggest some of present risks.

Production Manager: There are risks such as social attitudes, unemployment rate, policies of local government, level of health of society, technological mechanisms available in regions where expansion is proposed.

Supervisor: Yes there are huge numbers of risks which are present concerning commencing new stores. Hence suitable measures must be taken to combat such risks:

Nature Care must use some effective promotional techniques to endorse products of company.

It must conduct survey regarding available target groups and customers who will be willing to purchase totally eco- friendly products.

It should use quality raw materials which can enhance features of product.

It should provide offer on purchase of adequate number of products so that customers are attracted towards buying.

It should comply with ethical standards and regulations which can raise standard of products.

Develop a Risk Management Plan.

Scope of assessment:			Wide
Critical success factors:			Enlarged market share, increase in amount of customers and increase in product quality
Internal & external stakeholders:			Customers, board of members, governmental agencies and employees
Risk	Consequences	Severity Rating	Likelihood Rating	Treatment or control methods	Priority rating (high, medium or low) Order of priority
Unauthorised usage of resources	Impact on goodwill	Moderate	Occasional	Reduce likelihood of occurrence	Medium
Loss of qualified staff	Loss of company	Significant	Occasional	Reduce consequence of occurrence	Medium
Theft	Loss of company	Moderate	Remote	Retain risks	Low
Breakdown of electronic appliance	Impact on time and resources	Significant	Probable	Avoid the risk	High
Mismanagement of staff	Huge loss	Catastrophic	Probable	Reduce consequence of occurrence	High

Risk action plan

Description of risk	Breakdown of electronic appliance
Summary of recommended response and impact	Saving enough amount for purchase of replace of new systems and impact can be huge
Proposed actions	Purchasing new systems
Resource requirements	Financial resources
Responsibilities	Operation manager
Timing
Reporting/Monitoring	General manager

Description of risk	Mismanagement or theft by staff
Summary of recommended response and impact	Teaching staff about ethics and adopting honest approach
Proposed actions	Punishing staff
Resource requirements	Human resources
Responsibilities	Operation manager
Timing
Reporting/Monitoring	General manager

Send an email to the CEO (your assessor).

CEO

Nature care products

Sub: Informing about risk management plan

Kindly note that a risk management plan has been prepared which states various risks and treatment of such identified risks. As there are so many risks present at workplace, hence a report has been prepared describing all such risks and rating has been allotted to them as per their severity. Hence treating such risks and eliminating it is of prime importance to management. Therefore kindly review such plan and provide you valuable feedback accordingly.

Thanking you,

Operations Manager

Assessment Task 3: Risk implementation project

Write a report on staff training options.

Staff training report

Introduction

In below report description has been provided concerning staff training options for employees in a new retail store. As there is huge role of customer sales representatives in offering products and attracting huge number of consumers therefore training can enhance their efficiency in delivering goods.

It can be said that as employing qualified staff is difficult for the company therefore it is necessary for company to provide training to its staff for managing new retail stores. This can be made through on the job training methods which involve Job instructional technique in which step by step procedure is explained to employee for delivery his job performance. This will enhance efficiency of employee for offering products to customers (Pérez-Fuentes, et. al., 2020). Next method is job rotation in which employee shall be made to work in different scenarios and diverse sections so as to learn each technique of effective performance delivery. Third method is lecture and conferences in which employee is given instructions regarding delivery of performance in a specialised technique. All three methods will require two months of time duration of supervisor or manager giving instructions and demo.

Conclusion

Hence it can be said that effective training of employees is necessary and essential for making them well- acknowledged about job and performances which can enhance operations of a company.

Undertake an inspection of head office.

Areas of RTO & practices reviewed

Provide a brief description of the issue in this section.

Use of consumables/ materials/ technology/ equipment

Identify equipment that use energy and determine which equipment uses the most/least energy?
Are switches left on overnight/weekend?
Do staff use the sleep mode/screen saver?
What practices are currently in place to help minimise energy wastage?

Computer, electronic appliances and other electronic devices

No switches are always turned off by employees

No staff don’t use sleep mode

Employees are given work from home and whenever not in use they turn lights and electronic appliances off (So, et. al., 2018).

Energy usage e.g. water, electricity gas

How is energy used on a daily basis?
What things/tasks use up the most energy?
Are switches left on overnight/weekend?
Are staff using energy sensibly?
What practices are in place to support effective energy use?

Energy is used vastly on daily basis

Electronic appliances use most energy

No switches are always turned off by employees

Yes staff is trying to use energy in optimum manner.

Generating minimum wastage, optimum use of electronic appliances and less usage of plastic are some practices adopted (Pérez-Fuentes, et. al., 2020).

Waste

Describe workplace waste.
How is it disposed of?
Are staff conscious of waste management practices e.g. recycling, reuse, disposal?

It includes disposals, paper wastes and wastages of eatables

It is disposed -off in dustbin

Yes staff is concerned about it and adopt practices leading to less wastages Date of inspection or review: 15/09/2020Completed by: Tom Brown

Develop a customer questionnaire.

Rate products on the scale of 1 to 9, 1 being highly disagreed and 9 being highly agreed

Are you satisfied with quality of product?
Till date have you found any issue while using products of company?
Are you satisfied with price of products charged from you?
Do you want to suggest any improvement in product?
Are you happy on overall basis with services of products?
Do you find services of company easily accessible in your area?
Have services of company exceeded your expectations?
Is website of company convenient to use?

Send an email to the CEO (your assessor).

CEO

Nature Care products

Sub: Acknowledging about staff training, usage record and customer questionnaire

Kindly note that as management of Nature Care products is planning to expand its operations in Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne, three risks have been found in implementing effective performance in new stores which involve unsuitability in employing qualified staff, unsustainable workplace due to high use of resources and less customer satisfaction. Kindly review report made concerning training provided to staff for effective performance delivery, mechanisms developed regarding sustainable use of resources and risks identified and customer questionnaire formulated for assessing satisfaction of customers. I am attaching all three documents for your valuable feedback.

Thanking you,

Operations Manager

Write a risk monitoring report.

Through studying risk monitoring report it can be said that as targets were set by company to reduce 20% of electricity intake within three months, it has achieved to reduce consumption by more than 20% which is a kind of achievement. But slowly and gradually it was witnessed that company was moving towards increase of consuming energy resources and bill was increasing (So, et. al., 2018). Hence it has to devise plans to reduce its usage. Company must adopt some sustainable techniques such as use of 3R’s, using environmental friendly materials and learning power of ‘off’.

Through analysing staff survey results memo it was seen that obstacles were find concerning unclear role of employees which they were uninformed about, no reward and appreciation framework, no provision of adequate training and ineffective communication between staff and management.

Hence this should be brought in concern and must be resolved on earlier basis (Burzoni, et. al., 2020). Moreover, from analysis of sales data memo it can be said that there is no doubt that sales have increased on an estimated basis by 20% in six month period but sales have been found at lower amount at Melbourne store in comparison with Brisbane and Sydney store. Therefore some of effective marketing techniques must be implemented for increasing sales and training must be provided to manager for dealing with customers.

Through analysis of customer survey results it can be stated that high number of customers are satisfied from services of Nature care products in terms of quality of product and other factors. Still company needs to devise some effective mechanisms to make products popular among consumers which can include offering discount deals, quality products, easy availability and other effective options.

As per analysis of performance review results memo of two managers who were earlier customer service representatives afterwards elected as manager, it can be stated that Jamie who was appointed as manager of Brisbane is meeting requirements in all parameters hence she should be appreciated (Musu, et. al., 2016). In case of Sasha who is serving a manager at Sydney store is also above average but she needs to be provided training as in terms of adaptability and daily decision making she is little bit ineffective and inefficient. Hence induction must be arranged for her.

Send an email to the CEO (your assessor).

CEO

Nature Care products

Sub: Informing about formulation of risk monitoring report

Kindly note that as business has been expanded to other areas too, hence some evaluations have been conducted regarding obtaining data from consumers concerning satisfaction level achieved from products, analysis of sales data, survey of staff, sustainability report. Hence a risk monitoring report has been formulated for making comments on all evaluations made so far. Kindly review it and provide feedback as I am attaching report with this mail.

Thanking you,

Operations Manager

Assessment Task 4: Risk management process evaluation report

Develop a risk management evaluation report.

Evaluate the overall risk management process.

Yes it was little bit difficult for identifying risks. As some of risks are easy to recognise while some are difficult such as breakdown of electronic appliance was easily identifiable while dishonest on part of staff was difficult to recognise (Burzoni, et. al., 2020).

Yes staff input was helpful as they described and informed about various mechanisms which could be taken to identify risks and threats. This includes initiating promotional techniques and conducting surveys for acknowledging requirements and interests of customers.

I am 80% confident that all risks have been recognised.

Yes it is apt as it describes all mechanisms to combat severe and basic risks.
Yes principles of risk management in Nature Care products are consistent with AS/NZS ISO31000:2009 Risk Management Principles (Musu, et. al., 2016).
There must be conduct of surveys and after it feedbacks must be taken from each of employee regarding obtaining review about presence of probable risks.

Take a screen shot of all of your folder and files.

Send an email to your assessor.

References

Aithal, P. S. (2017). ABCD Analysis as Research Methodology in Company Case Studies. International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS), 2(2), 40-54.
Aithal, P. S. (2017). Company Analysis–The Beginning Step for Scholarly Research. International Journal of Case Studies in Business, IT and Education (IJCSBE), 1(1), 1-18.
Burzoni, S., Duquenne, P., Mater, G., & Ferrari, L. (2020). Workplace Biological Risk Assessment: Review of Existing and Description of a Comprehensive Approach. Atmosphere, 11(7), 741.
Creighton, S. B. (2017). Reducing Risks From Workplace Discrimination.
Eberendu, I. F., Ozims, S. J., Agu, G. C., Ihekaire, D. E., Obioma-Elemba, J. E., Amah, H. C., … & Nwanjo, H. U. (2018). Workplace health risks associated diseases and health promotion in the Nigerian banking sector. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences, 5 (2), 197-208.
Etteh, H. (2018). 1216 Workplace health risks management in developing west africa countries, the role of academic health institutions.
Haran, M., Lo, D., Mccord, M., Davis, P. T., & Berry, J. (2019). Analysing sector performance and company-specific performance for listed real estate.
Kawano, R. (2020). Preparation of a scoring-based occupational health management assessment tool and its utilization for the first step to improve workplace. Environmental and Occupational Health Practice.
Musu, T., Vogel, L., & Wriedt, H. (2016). Cancer risks in the workplace: better regulation, stronger protection. ETUI Research Paper-Working Paper.
Pérez-Fuentes, M. D. C., Molero Jurado, M. D. M., Mercader Rubio, I., Soriano Sánchez, J. G., & Gázquez Linares, J. J. (2020). Mindfulness for Preventing Psychosocial Risks in the Workplace: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Applied Sciences, 10(5), 1851.
Sawatzky, S. (2017). Worker fatigue: Understanding the risks in the workplace. Professional Safety, 62(11), 45-51.
Singh, K., & Sur, D. (2018). Analysing company-specific components of business risk in selected manufacturing firms in Indian corporate sector. International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, 21(4), 359-373.
So, R., Matsuo, T., Sasaki, T., Liu, X., Kubo, T., Ikeda, H., … & Takahashi, M. (2018). Improving health risks by replacing sitting with standing in the workplace. The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 7(2), 121-130.
Theodore, N., Gutelius, B., & Burnham, L. (2019). Workplace health and safety hazards faced by informally employed domestic workers in the United States. Workplace health & safety, 67(1), 9-17.
Vazdani, S., Sabzghabaei, G., Dashti, S., Cheraghi, M., Alizadeh, R., & Hemmati, A. (2017). FMEA techniques used in environmental risk assessment. Environment & Ecosystem Science (EES), 1(2), 16-18.

Introduction

This assessment is based on the previous assessment one which provided a basic description of the establishment of the New Sydney Cruise terminal contract given to stakeholders. The contract was made as per the project framework strategy. Having sufficient and advanced facilities given by Sydney Cruise to its customers, so it is assumed that the company will anticipate doubling the revenue by 2040. In this assessment, there will be a discussion about theories and project life cycle stages of project management. The government of Australia also supported the tourism in the country by ensuring that Sydney Cruise has the topmost Cruise destination. The objective of the project is to enhance the capacity of Cruise terminals with funding, procuring, and function as a potential terminal. There will be more important benefits of the new Cruise in Sydney such as the installation of the latest technologies, sustainability of resources, support, and help various communities by giving job opportunities. Apart from that the project also helps in fulfilling the needs of customers; mitigate the facing issues by customers.

Scope

The scope of the project is to develop the terminal that will enhance the operation of Sydney’s existing two terminals. The Cruise has the capacity to assess the various options for the establishment of the third cruise terminal in Sydney and it requires the NSW treasury. It needs the development of the business case and it is a significant tool for the NSW government due to it is presumed that it acts like evidence depends on the guide for taking the investment decisions. Business case involves a detailed description of models for funding, procuring, and operating a potential terminal.

Source: (Port Authority, 2018)

Location

The site for cruise terminal establishment various aspects that will be recognized such as, cultural heritage, feasibility engineering, width and depth of shipping channel, regional terrestrial and Marine environment, Proximity to residential areas and accessing to traffic and transport, and proximity to airports (Radujković and Sjekavica, 2017).

Schedule

It is shown from the above figure that in 2014 the capacity of the overseas terminal has boosted after planning for the development of cruise has been made. In 2017 recommendation is given to sites for the establishment of NSW and in 2018 a further new plan has been made for cruise development. In 2019- 2020 a business case detail is given to stakeholders. In 2021 the project will be approved by the government of Australia. In case, when the project will be approved then approval of the environment will be taken. After completing all previous stages project construction will get started (Radujković and Sjekavica, 2017).

Statement of Work

Theories and concepts applied in project management:

For the development of the third cruise terminal and to enhance the operation of existing terminals business management project principles are to be applied for better success and to achieve the targets. Frederick Taylor, the Father of Scientific Management gave four main management principles for all managers. These principles are followed in the Cruise Strategic project such as:

Create a science for every stage of the project, along with study and evaluate is to look out the best possible method of doing the project.
It ensures that workers are selected on the basis of scientific methodology, not on any discrimination and favoritism. Provide training and development programs to workers before involving in the project and motivate them to achieve the targets and goals of the Cruise development project (Meredith, et. al., 2017).
Employees are assets of business not enemies, so create a business culture of cooperation with employees to make sure that the execution of scientific theories and principles.
Delegate the responsibilities and work in an equal manner between the management and workers.

The principles of Modern Management was given by Henri Fayol, he planned a theory of basic management that is applicable to all kinds of administration and fields. He divided all functions of business enterprise in certain groups:

Technical functions related to production
Buying and selling activities
Financial functions related to the best management of capital
Accounting and office functions
Security-related functions (Kerzner, 2017).
Management functions

Henry Fayol emphasized his work by explaining and describing management functions. He divided such functions into planning, commanding, organizing, controlling, and coordinating. He recommended some management principles are as follows.

Division of task: project activities are divided into workers by ensuring that effort will be minimum with the required level of performance
Responsibility and authority: project manager of the cruise terminal has to give the responsibilities (Heagney, 2016).
Discipline: all employers and employees should obey and respect their seniors.
Unity of Command: employees at the project should get orders from a single authority.
Unity of direction: when there are a number of activities with a single objective, then there should be a single plan and a single head.
Subordinates: the focus is given to common interest before every single interest.
Wages and salary: It should satisfy the needs and demands of employees from the organization
Centralization: the project management should decide about the power of authority that the senior-level will distribute and retain in the business.
Order: all process and workers at the project should have a fixed place
Scalar chain: the relationship between subordinates and superiors must not against the project (Kivilä, et. al., 2017).
Equity: project managers should strive for equality and equity treatment at the time of treating with workers and staff. They should show a combination of justice and kindness.
Initiative: it can be taken by project managers and seniors.
Stability of occupation of employees: Managers should try to decreases the turnover of employee
Espirit de Corps: There should be a focus on teamwork and good interaction for getting it.

Project Management Life Cycle:

For project managers observing to understand the working and process as per best practices, which are basically advised by PMI rules of practice that describes the project management life cycle. There are various functions going on in several stages of the project of cruise terminal establishments such as initiation, planning, execution, and closure.

(Source: Guru99, 2020)

Initiation: firstly. The project manager of the Cruise terminal project has to identify the needs of the project, issue, and opportunity, and some methods of brainstorm that the project team will meet the demands, solve the issue and grab the opportunity. At this stage, the project manager search out the goals of project considers the feasibility of project, and identify the important deliverables of the project. All these requirements have been discussed in the previous assessment and above also (Demirkesen and Ozorhon, 2017).

Steps for the initiation phase of the project will include:

Responsibility a feasibility study: Classify the basic issue of the Cruise terminal project and whether this project will provide a result of such a particular issue of the increasing pressure of overseas passengers at the terminal.
Verify scope: The scope of development of the project is to enhance the operation of Sydney’s existing two terminals. The government of the country needs to meet the capacity of the cruise by supporting tourism. It will be useful for the cultural heritage of the country, and the main focus is given to fulfilling the on-going desires of customers, cooperating with various local operators (Zare Ravasan and Mansouri, 2016).
Verify deliverables: Define the goods and services to give to passengers such as frequent improvement in the sustainability of the operation. Installation of new technology which has been created and steps are taken to solve the international targets. The cruise industry helps society worldwide sustaining 1,180,676 jobs to people.
Verify project stakeholders: classify the stakeholders such as project manager, passengers, customers, communities, environment, etc who can be positively or negatively affected by the project.
Making a Business case: With the given information in assessment one, the NSW government decided to move forward with the investment of project $50 million
Making a statement of work: The objectives, deliverables, and scope have been identified in previous assessment as discussed above as a working contract between a project manager and staff members (Martens and Carvalho, 2017).

Planning: After the approval of the project move forward as per business case, project initiation, statement of work document. At this stage of project management life cycle, project manager divides the larger tasks into smaller one, create project team, and make a schedule for assignment completion.

Certain steps are followed in project planning such as:

Making a project plan: Verify the timeline and schedule of projects involving the project stage, the activities to be performed such as consider sustainability actions, delegation tasks, and responsibilities to project members (Akbar, et. al., 2018).
Making workflow charts: Imagine the processes and to ensure that project members have easily understood the duties in the Cruise project terminal.
Measuring budget and preparing a financial plan by using the cost estimates to consider the amount of cost spend on project
Collecting resources by building a practical team from external and internal talent with necessary techniques and tools such as hardware and software etc.
Expecting risk and possible roadblocks in quality: classify problems that can affect the project during the planning and try to solve such risks and preserve timeline and quality.

Execution: After the completion of planning, project approval has been taken, and developed the team. It’s time to execute or take the action as per the decided plan. The project manager of the cruise terminal at this stage of the life cycle is to carry activities on right track, consolidate timelines, manage project members and it is ensured that work will be done as per plan and timeline schedule (Zachko, et. al., 2017).

The steps can be undertaken at this execution stage are as follows;

Preparing activities and managing work pressure: allocate work roughly of the cruise terminal project to the accurate project members, so that no individual can get burden of the whole work.
Briefing activities to group members: Describe and elaborate the activities to project members, giving required advice about how to complete, and managing training and development programs when required.
Interact with project members, top management, and clients: Give information to project stakeholders at each level.
Controlling work quality; to make sure that project members are meeting their quality and time objectives for activities (Conforto, et. al., 2016).
Organizing budget: regulate investing and carrying the project on track according to resources and assets.

Closure: After the completion of the whole activities of the Cruise terminal development project, then closing the project. At the closing stage, the project manager will give final deliverables, consider the project success, and release resources of the project. When the important project work has done, that does not mean the job of the project manager has finished, there are some significant things to do, covering analyzing what had done and whatnot.

Steps covered in closing the project such as:

Evaluating the performance of the project: Consider whether the objectives of projects were fulfilled on time and as per budget, and the beginning issue was solved with the use of a checklist.
Evaluating member’s performance: Analyse how project members performed, covering whether they fulfill their objectives along with suitability and work quality (Papke-Shields and Boyer-Wright, 2017).
Documenting closure of the project: To make sure that all project aspects are to be completed without any loose ends remaining and giving reports to important stakeholders.
Showing post-execution reviews: Deporting a last evaluation of the project, undertaking into account lessons cultured for the same projects in the future.
Accounting for budget: Assign remaining assets for future schemes (Abyad, 2018).

Conclusion

It is concluded from the whole assessment that Sydney Cruise established a project for initiating a third cruise terminal to decrease the pressure of passengers. The important aim of the development of the terminal is to enhance the operation of Sydney existing two terminals by increasing the capacity for supporting tourism in the country. This requires a complete project management life cycle of projects with an understanding of business management theories and principles. This assessment is based on the previous assessment one with a complete description of principles and project life cycle stages.

References

Abyad, A., 2018. Project management, motivation theories and process management. Middle East Journal of Business, 13(4), pp.18-22.

Akbar, M.A., Shafiq, M., Ahmad, J., Mateen, M. and Riaz, M.T., 2018, November. AZ-Model of software requirements change management in global software development. In 2018 International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Conforto, E.C., Amaral, D.C., da Silva, S.L., Di Felippo, A. and Kamikawachi, D.S.L., 2016. The agility construct on project management theory. International Journal of Project Management, 34(4), pp.660-674.
Demirkesen, S. and Ozorhon, B., 2017. Impact of integration management on construction project management performance. International Journal of Project Management, 35(8), pp.1639-1654.
Guru, 2020. Phases of the project management life cycle. Available at: https://www.guru99.com/initiation-phase-project-management-life-cycle.html
Heagney, J., 2016. Fundamentals of project management. Amacom.
Izmailov, A., Korneva, D. and Kozhemiakin, A., 2016. Effective project management with the theory of constraints. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, pp.96-103.
Kerzner, H., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Kivilä, J., Martinsuo, M. and Vuorinen, L., 2017. Sustainable project management through project control in infrastructure projects. International Journal of Project Management, 35(6), pp.1167-1183.
Martens, M.L., and Carvalho, M.M., 2017. Key factors of sustainability in project management context: A survey exploring the project managers’ perspective. International Journal of Project Management, 35(6), pp.1084-1102.
Meredith, J.R., Shafer, S.M. and Mantel Jr, S.J., 2017. Project Management: A Strategic Managerial Approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Papke-Shields, K.E. and Boyer-Wright, K.M., 2017. Strategic planning characteristics applied to project management. International Journal of Project Management, 35(2), pp.169-179.
Port Authority, 2018. AIRPORT CHECK-IN LAUNCHES AT SYDNEY CRUISE TERMINALS7 FEBRUARY 2018. Available at: https://www.portauthoritynsw.com.au/news-and-publications/2018-news/airport-check-in-launches-at-sydney-cruise-terminals/
Radujković, M. and Sjekavica, M., 2017. Project management success factors. Procedia engineering, 196, pp.607-615.
Zachko, O., Golovatyi, R. and Yevdokymova, A., 2017. Development of a simulation model of safety management in the projects for creating sites with mass gathering of people. Восточно-Европейский журнал передовых технологий, (2 (3)), pp.15-24.
Zare Ravasan, A. and Mansouri, T., 2016. A dynamic ERP critical failure factors modelling with FCM throughout project lifecycle phases. Production Planning & Control, 27(2), pp.65-82.

Introduction

For developing the expansion of business in other countries, international business planning plays a very important role. The organization that has been selected in assessment 1 of this assignment was Woolworths and the organization is trying to make the enlargement of its business in South Korea and Indonesia. For making the enlargement of business there will be some abstracts that are required to evaluate by the management of Woolworth. In the following report, the evaluation regarding the average pay scale will be determined. The following report will also provide ideas about the behavior of consumers of South Korea and Indonesia. The fund transferring process will be examined in the document and many other abstracts will be evaluated before making the enlargement of business in South Korea and Indonesia.

A) The average pay rate for staff in entry-level and managerial roles in your chosen firm’s industry

The research is conducting for knowing the below abstracts which are related to the International strategy of Woolworths Australia:

The average pay role of staff at entry-level: Woolworths need to provide the average salary to people who will involve in South Korea and Indonesia. For making the expansion in South Korea they have to provide 8,590 Won for per hour. It is the average pay scale in South Korea for the entry-level. This payment would be sated approximately USD 7.3 per month. Also considering the full-time job a person could earn 1.5 million in a year. On the other side for Indonesia is IDR 326,830,989 and this amount could be converted into 265,863,199 net earnings. This is the salary range for both Indonesia and South Korea and Woolworths need to provide this entry-level salary to the people who will join the company in South Korea and Indonesia (Kompas, et. al., 2018).

Managerial roles in Woolworths: The managerial roles are important for establishing the entire tasks in an appropriate manner. In terms of international business, Woolworths need to conduct different managerial roles. Planning is the most important managerial abstract which is required for developing an international marketing strategy. Also, the organizing capabilities also need to have in the roles of managers. The manager is also responsible for leading the things in an appropriate manner and making control over the activities related to international marketing strategy (Deng, et. al., 2018).

B)The attitudes of local consumers or businesses towards international firms. You can identify this by reading a range of news articles or listening to podcast news about the country.

The attitudes of local consumers towards international firm

The behavior of South Korean consumers: In South Korea the local consumers are not interested in the domestic process. The demand for foreign services and products is increasing day by day. It is making a great opportunity in front of Woolworths Australia to increasing its overall revenue and establishing better international business with South Korea. On the other side, the consumption behavior of South Korea is to keep changing. In this situation, it is necessary to produce the products according to the choices of consumers (Cole and Mori, 2018).

The behavior of consumers of Indonesia: the growth rate of Australia is increasing and it is making more opportunities for Woolworths Australia to increasing its international market. There are countless opportunities in front of Woolworths that can increase the number of their consumers. The online shopping is very popular in Indonesia and Woolworths can provide online purchasing facilities to the consumers (Engel and Siszek, 2018).

C) How easy or difficult it is to transfer funds to and from the country with particular emphasis on the ability to repatriate funds back to the home country (Australia)

Fund transferring between South Korea and Australia: The south Korean WONS could be converted into Australian dollars. A particular transferring fees need to provide the bank the transaction could be done in an easy way. Skrill is the software that could be used in terms of transferring the fund from South Korea to Australia.

Fund transfer between Indonesia and Australia; The same pattern could be used in the fund transfer process between Indonesia and Australia. It would become easy for Woolworths to send the money by using Skrill.

D) Whether Australian banks have relationships or agreements with banks in that country

Banking terms between South Korea and Australia: There are lots of banking relationships which is running between South Korea and Australia. There are different trade agreements that were found between both countries. In terms of trade and investment, Australia is having better relationships with south Korea. The corporate and institutional banking solutions have opened its first branch in Seoul in the year of 1978 and it is providing transaction facilities between Australia and South Korea.

Bank terms between Indonesia and Australia; Australia is providing similar opportunities of Indonesia to make the use of the World Bank. There are several loan agreements established between Australia and Indonesia. These loan agreements have established between the commonwealth bank of Australia and the Republic of Indonesia. The better banking relationships between Australia and Indonesia are providing great transaction facilities to the people (Capuano, 2018).

E) The number and timing of public holidays in that country or seasons where work may be slower than usual or disrupted

The number of public holidays and session of slower business in South Korea

There are some days on which the government of South Korea has announced holidays and this day are: New year’s day, Korean new year’s holiday, Legislative election day, labor day, children a day, liberation day holiday, etc. Besides these, the final three months of the years are the time that can provide a slower business rate to Woolworths Australia. The company needs to apply better planning for growing their business in that particular season (Naibaho and Rhayu, 2018).

The number of public holidays and session of slower business in Indonesia

The government of Indonesia has maintained some of the holidays like on the new year’s day, Lunar new year, Prophet’s Ascension, Nyepi, and Good Friday too. The government has announced a holiday these days. Through the COVID-19 pandemic, the slower rate of the business is increasing in Indonesia too. After this situation, there is a hope that the Indonesian economy would increase its sales in terms of providing business opportunities to Woolworths Australia (Haugtvedt, et. al., 2018).

F) The current GDP, interest rate and inflation rate in that country

South Korea

Current GDP: According to the reports the GDP of South Korea has stated $1.trillion in the year 2019 and now it is $2.308 trillion.

Interest rate: South Korea is containing an interest rate of an average of 3.04 percent from the year 1999 till 2020. This rate has reached a height of 5.25 percent in October 2000.

Inflation rate: In the year 2019 the inflation rate was 0.38 percent and now in the year 2020 it is remaining 0.27%.

Indonesia

Current GDP: The GDP of Indonesia is almost reaching to 970.00 USD Billion within the end of the year 2020. According to the reports, the GDP of Indonesia could reach the amount of 1150.00 billion in the year of 2021.

Interest rate: The average interest rate which is running in Indonesia is 6.89% from the year 2005 to 2020. It has become higher in the year of December 2005 and the rate was recorded at 12.5%.

Inflation rate; At the present time, the inflation rate of Australia is remaining 2.87% and in the year of 2019 the inflation rate was 2.82% (Chen, et. al., 2018).

Conclusion

Based on the above study, it could be concluded that the better involvement of strategies and planning is required for the international enlargement of a particular business. The above report is related to the international business practices of Woolworths. It has explained about the consumer behavior and attributes related to South Korea and Indonesia in which the organization is thinking about the enlargement. The above report has also provided ideas about banking relationships between these countries. Also, the illustration regarding the whole GDP, Inflation rate, and interest rates has been made in the above report. The above document has also provided an idea regarding the transaction of funds between both countries.

References

Capuano, L., 2018. International energy outlook 2018 (IEO2018). US Energy Information Administration (EIA): Washington, DC, USA, 2018, p.21.

Chen, C.C., Chen, C.W. and Tung, Y.C., 2018. Exploring the consumer behavior of intention to purchase green products in belt and road countries: An empirical analysis. Sustainability, 10(3), p.854.

Cole, T.J. and Mori, H., 2018. Fifty years of child height and weight in Japan and South Korea: Contrasting secular trend patterns analyzed by SITAR. American Journal of Human Biology, 30(1), p.e23054.

Deng, P., Liu, Y., Gallagher, V.C. and Wu, X., 2018. International strategies of emerging market multinationals: A dynamic capabilities perspective. Journal of Management & Organization, pp.1-18.

Engel, L.C. and Siczek, M.M., 2018. A cross-national comparison of international strategies: global citizenship and the advancement of national competitiveness. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 48(5), pp.749-767.

Haugtvedt, C.P., Herr, P.M. and Kardes, F.R. eds., 2018. Handbook of consumer psychology. Routledge.

Kompas, T., Pham, V.H. and Che, T.N., 2018. The effects of climate change on GDP by country and the global economic gains from complying with the Paris climate accord. Earth’s Future, 6(8), pp.1153-1173.

Naibaho, K. and Rahayu, S.M., 2018. Pengaruh GDP, Inflasi, BI Rate, Nilai Tukar Terhadap Non Performing Loan Bank Umum Konvensional Di Indonesia (Studi pada Bank Umum Konvensional yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2012-2016). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 62(2), pp.87-96.

Assessment 2 (Case Studies B)

Case study B

Issue

The issue that has been indicated within the retainer and cost agreement followed in law practices and legal obligation. The legality and professional practices will be held to ensure the amount in relation of legal cost will be reaches on the monthly basis. The cost agreement has been managed and followed as per the law professional uniformity act 2014 division 4 schedule 1. As per the law society of the western Australia the cost agreement has been requited to avoid the uncertain circumstance that has been created by the retainer. While creating the cost agreement the standard lawyer and retainer is required. The explanatory notes and cost disclosure to the client with the retainer agreement for implementing cost agreement eventually. In Shaw v Yarranova Pty Ltd and Anor, the retainer is not confined and established that leads to inconsistency and the solicitor cost will be bear by the client itself and establishing the absence of the retainer. The cost agreement provide certainty to the client and lawyer agreement and also disclosed the prevailing legal cost to the solicitor and the third party. But with the absence of the retainer agreement the cost agreement is not complete. With reference to the chosen case it has been facing certain challenge in absence of retain agreement. The court request to presumed the retain agreement for enhancing cost agreement and cost estimation and liability will be meet effectively on time. The issue with relation to the cost and retainer agreement is that the requirement and accessibility is essential in every legality cost with the client. As according to legal professional uniform law all the law practices with client will be develop through meeting all the disclosure and the cost estimation based on legal cost and the billing procedure can be planned through retainer agreement. The retainer agreement will possess certain litigation plan for managing the billing procedure and help in reducing the legal bills. Hence, these are issue that has been precisely discussed in the following case study based on retainer and cost agreement.

Rules

The rules that has been applied in the formulation of the cost agreement with prior to retainer agreement. The cost agreement and control can be managed through using the retainer agreement. The retainer agreement is very important document that has been considered and contracted as according to the law society of western Australia. The cost agreement and retainer will tend to help in monitoring each cost and legality factor in the contract or an agreement with the client. The discussion of the legal cost and incurred billing based on the running case will be budgeted and formulated through retainer litigation and legal plan. The litigation and risk can be measures through using the retainer agreement measurement, through looking into the legal cost, billing related to it, staff cost and the other expense that has been incurred during the meeting of the case. All the cost has been completely scanned and managed and by the retainer to reduce the chances of case failure as well as cost increment. So that solicitor liability will be decrease. As per the certain case discussed in the Victoria law society that disclose the importance of the cost agreement significantly with the retainer agreement. The cost agreement and retainer agreement will be helpful in clearing the disputes in between the client and the lawyer by delivering all the cost detail and functioning that has been take care during handling the cases of the client. The retainer has been proceeding with certain principle and the polices that include the division 3 all disclosure of the document based on the cost agreement. The cost has been clarified that is paid by the client to the law firm for managing all expenses. Hence, these are certain rule that can be accessed in the retainer and cost agreement.

Application

The application that has been applied in this case will be the legal profession uniform law act 2014 and the application of certain cases that has been implied in this case. In the retainer and cost agreement has to followed certain application for forming the agreement. The cost agreement includes the basic application and management for applying the legal cost of the firm. The cost management is essential for managing the cost of the law firm that has been liable to solicitor. The retainer has been contracted and presumed whenever required, the legal professional and staff expenses is acquired so that all the expenses will be meet. The retainer estimates and litigate the cost risk, legality obligation and the billing reduction methods for implementing the aggregate cost of the firm. The retainer played a vital role in formulating all the agreement with the third party. The negotiation and other document have been evaluated and embed changes in the cost agreement. The lawyer and the professional duties under the retainer-cost agreement. The lawyer should act in the professional manner and make sure all the information should confidential with regards to client, the law firm should maintain the relationship and afford to deliver good advice and manage cost of the consultancy. The professional should avoid the conflict interest after implementing the certain agreement between the profession and service consultant. The retainer formulated all the legal binding and document for future purpose and also clarify all the objective of the specific relationship of the service that has been proposed by the consultant. The disclosure and mutual consent have been required for successful relationship between client and lawyer or any professional. As if any issue arises in the contract then the retainer-cost agreement is the base to resolve the case.

Conclusion

The legal profession uniformity act is essential for building significant, sustainable and reliability in the affair in between client and the professional while handling any cases or serving advices and consultation to client. As after learning all the system and clauses withhold to the lawyer and client relationship agreement. The retainer-cost agreement is the agreement that has been formulate to control and manage the high yield risk associated with legal cost and billing of the expenses that has been incurred during the consultancy period and the certain disclosure has been implemented and structured in the line of the retainer agreement polices and procedure. The law firm of Victoria has been accepted that retainer is must requirement for being in the contract with any professionals. In the presence of the retainer the conflict has been resolved, cost has been managed, billing has been reduced, compliances developed, commitment meet and the client does not able to cheat on the basis of the legal cost liability. The profession and lawyer will implement such agreement while indulging in certain agreement and issue based on the case that they are handling. In terms of conclusion to retainer-cost agreement the client should ensure all their rights to fulfill and the lawyer is being liable to discharge their duties and rights as well in completion of the certain deals and commitment. As per legal profession uniformity law act, it has been mandating the policies to have the retainer with the cost agreement and if in any case this has no being meet the court asked to presumed the retainer in any circumstances.

References

“CIVIL PROCEDURE ACT 2010”, Www5.Austlii.Edu.Au (Webpage, 2020) http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/cpa2010167/

“LEGAL PROFESSION UNIFORM LAW APPLICATION ACT 2014”, Www5.Austlii.Edu.Au (Webpage, 2020) http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/lpulaa2014406/

“Legal Compliance – Law Institute Of Victoria”, Liv.Asn.Au(Webpage, 2020) https://www.liv.asn.au/Professional-Practice/Compliance/Legal-Profession-Uniform-Law/Legislation

Abstract

Two of the three elements of a financial statement are the revenue statement and the cash flow analysis, the third being the balance sheet. While they vary according to type of information; the statement of income representing the success of the business by sales, expenditures, expenses and the statement of cash flow showing how the benefit or loss spreads through the organisation, they are inextricably related (Cyril et al., 2016).

The cash flow analysis cannot be rendered without the income statement, since the outcome of the income statement starts out with the net gain or deficit which shows the way a business handles the financial status.

Introduction

The cash account report and the revenue report are part of a company balance sheet. The cash flow statement or cash flow statement calculates the production and use of funds by a business for the length of a particular period.

The declaration of income analyses the financial performance of a company for a certain period of time, e.g. sales, expenditures, gains or losses. Often this accounting paper is alluded to as a financial statement. A declaration of the income shows if a company made a profit and a statement of cash flow shows if a company generates revenue (Andreas, 2017).

The declaration on cash flow and revenue are integral parts of the corporate balance sheet.

Part A

A comment on the cash flow implies the same amount of cash and outflow from a company over a period of time.

The statement of income is the most popular financial statement that indicates total income and expenses of a company, including non-cash assets such as depreciation for a period of time.

The cash flow statement is related to the net profit or net loss calculation used to measure cash flow from operations, which is the first section of the cash flow statement.

A cash flow statement implies the exact quantity of cash inflows and exits in a business every month, every four months, or every year. Which covers current results and balance sheet adjustments, including increases or decreases in accounts payable or payable and does not include non-cash accounting products such as depreciation and amortisation.

The cash flow is generally derived by revenues generated from business activities, but may be improved by credit funds available. The short term profitability and liquidity of a company is calculated through a cash flow statement, precisely how well it will pay its bills to suppliers.

Operating activities: Evaluate the cash flow of a company by reconciling the net income with the actual cash earned or used by the organisation in its operating activities. Operating activities:

Investment activities: show cash flow from all investment activities, usually involving investments or long term asset sales including property, equipment and plant (PP&E) and investment securities. Investment activities:

Cash generated from all funding operations as capital collected from selling stocks and bonds or bank borrowing is seen. Financial transactions:

The most common accounting statement is an income statement detailing the company’s revenue and net costs, including non-cash assets (such as depreciation). A statement of sales is used to measure a company’s efficiency, in particular the sum of money it receives, the amount of money it costs for it and its profits and expenditures benefit and loss (Aris et al., 2019).

The statement of cash flow is related to the declaration of profits by net benefit or net loss, the first paragraph in the statement of cash flow. In order to measure the cash generated from sales the benefit or loss in the income statement is then used. The indirect approach is defined as this. The cash balance analysis may also be updated through a more method named the direct protocol. Under this situation, the earned money would be deducted from the sum expended on total cash flow.

Cash flows relate to the company’s operational efficiency and sales generation capacity.

The statement of cash flow is a structured text clarifying the position of a cash flow business at a certain point in time.

For positive cash flows and to give customers a profit, the long-term cash inflows of a business must go beyond their long-term cash outflows.

Notice that even if bottom line earnings are poor, cash flows can be strong.

For the performance of a business to be more reliable, analysts may evaluate the income statement along with the cash flow statement.

Business involves commerce, value exchange among two or more parties and cash is the necessary asset for economic participation. Although some sectors are more capital-intensive than others, no company can survive on a long term basis unless its owners have a good cash flow. The company’s long-term cash inflows need to outweigh long-term cash outflows for positive cash flows (Paolone, 2020).

Cash outflow occurs when a company passes money (either physically or electronically) to another entity. A transition can be rendered for staff, vendors and creditors; long-standing savings and assets; or professional costs and legal proceedings can be charged. It is important to note that legal payments through debt – a credit transaction – will not be reported as a cash outflow before money actually exits the hands of the business.

An inflow of cash is the opposite; it is any money transfer that reaches the hands of the business. Typically, customers, suppliers (such as banks or bondholders) and owners who buy equity in the company constitute the majority of the cash inflows of a firm. Cash flows often arise through legal settlements or the selling of property or equipment by businesses.

The following is a list of the different areas and the importance of the cash flow statement:

Production of cash from operations. The cash used or given by a typical company operation is calculated in this portion. It indicates the capacity of the company to produce a steady positive cash flow. View normal activities as the core business. Microsoft offers applications, for example, normal operational activity.
Cash flows from spending. This section lists all the cash used or supplied to buy and sell income-generating properties. If Microsoft buys or sells firms for a profit or a loss, this cash flow statement would include the corresponding estimates.
Funding operation comes from currency. This segment analyses the funds balance between a company and its shareholders and its creditors. The negative statistics may mean that the company holds debt, but may also mean that the company allows dividend payments and repurchases of stocks that will appease customers.
Because the low demand impedes more manufacture, the next best option is to sell the machinery far below the price of the equipment paid by the company. The corporation will show a significant positive cash flow in the year that the machinery is delivered, but it will have a grim current and future profit potential. Due to positive cash flow and unfavourable performance, investors can review income statements in accordance with the cash flow statement (Cyril et al., 2016).

Part B:

Companies utilise domestic cash to fund their operations wherever necessary. It is not only realistic but also eliminates additional costs of stock issuance or debt collection. Operations capital usually constitutes a company’s most secure cash flow. Cash flows from products and services sold, mortgage securities investment and earned dividends. Operating activities such as procurement of inventories, salaries and taxation include cash flows.

Cash flow is an important indicator for determining the financial performance of core business activities of a company. The first segment represented in a cash flow statement includes cash from the operations and investment. Cash flow from operating activities There are two ways to represent cash from operations on a cash flow statement: indirect and primary. The indirect method starts from net income from the statement of income and then restores cash items to a cash base figure. The exact protocol monitors all purchases on a cash basis in a period which utilises the real cash flow and cash outflows (Schmutte & Duncan, 2019).

The sale of properties is a secondary means of internal funding. By selling land, plant and machinery, a business may produce investment cash flows. This approach is important if the organisation has a significant number of redundant equipment or if the corporation is shifting course. However, several parties are hesitant to sell properties. Capital assets are a crucial aspect in a company’s ability to survive, and it would also be dangerous to sell it and make room for an unknown financial undertaking.

Companies cannot fund all of their activities from internal funds more often than not. The financial department will choose to raise funds at low interest rates if it believes that a project would be highly profitable. The downside of the reputation of a financial company is that it can not monitor or regulate how the funds are invested. Banks, though, expect businesses to repay their loans annually. Although the investment is long sustainable, interest payments will be a liability to the business (Jeppson et al., 2016).

Cash provided by corporate finance may be produced by bond issuance. Most firms choose to collect their equity investment cash because they are less costly than their loans. Contrary to accounting, although they are bankrupt, companies don’t even have to refund savings. Equity investment frequently ensures that the corporation does not accept the ongoing debt cost of loans. But it is primarily a dilution of equity that issuing further securities and other participants should first be contacted. In general, current stockholders are not glad to dilute their power and share of the income of companies.

A cash balance statement explains the origins of a company’s income and how the income was invested for a given amount of time. There are no things such as depreciation which are non-cash. This helps to decide a company’s short-term profitability, particularly its ability to pay bills (NGUYEN & NGUYEN, 2020). Given the significance of cash flow management, especially for companies and SMEs, most experts suggest that an entrepreneur research at least every quarter the cash flow statement.

The statement of cash flow is identical to the declaration of sales except that it reports results of a business over a specific amount of time. The distinction is that the return account still incorporates some non-cash expenses, for example depreciation, into consideration. All this is omitted from the cashflow analysis, revealing just how well the business produced real revenue. Cash balance analyses illustrate how firms have handled capital inflows and cash outflows. It gives a better image of the capacity of a business to pay creditors and fund growth.

If there is not enough cash on hand to cover the debt, it is entirely acceptable for a business which is proven successful according to accounting principles. The relation between the funds generated and the debt owed, called “operating cash flow ratio,” indicates the willingness of the organisation to offer loans and interest payments. If a small decline in quarterly cash flow will jeopardise the company’s capacity for debt payments, it is riskier than one which has a lower net income but a higher degree of cash flow (Aris et al., 2019).

Contrary to the various forms in which reports may be seen, a corporation may do nothing to manage its currency. The cash-flow analysis reveals the whole tale in the absence of any overt theft. If the organisation has or does not have currency. In order to clarify its financial performance, investors can analyse closely the cash flow statement of each business.

Companies offer dividends to shareholders and allocate wealth, which often shows revenue development in business health and profits. As share prices reflect future cash flows, future sources of dividends are included in share price and decreased models of dividends may help to analyse the value of a stock. Upon ex-dividend execution of a portfolio, the share price usually falls by the amount of the dividend payment to represent the non-permitting privileges of new shareholders. Dividends paid on equity will dilute dividends instead of assets, which can have a significant short-term effect on share prices.

The WACCWACC is a weighted average cost of capital for a corporation that reflects the investments combined, like equity and debt. Companies generally use debt and equity blends to finance their operations, maximising the weighted average cost of capital for a company. This guide offers an explanation of what they are, why they are used, how they are measured and also includes a WACC calculator downloadable that is as low as possible (Paolone, 2020). That the sum of debt and/or equity utilised by a business to fund its activities and properties. A business’s financial structure, which a corporation deems correctly, would have an effect on cash flow statements.

Accounting statements reflect the income of a business, but it is not the actual revenue produced by a corporation. Data from results can be skewed and deceptive. Therefore, the free cash flow a organisation produces to determine the company’s true financial situation is the subject of business decision makers and security analysts. In which of these statements free cash flow is better described? The surplus cash generated by sales, smaller than all operational costs Cash flow accessible to all investors after the firm has spent all fixed assets and working capital needed for the continued operations of the business.

A detailed balance sheet report may usually provide a range of fast views. The assets must exceed liabilities and equity for balance sheets. In order to balance. Assets minus liabilities are known as the asset value or equity of the company by economists. In certain situations investors may also look at the company’s overall wealth, which also analyses liabilities and assets. Analysts generally focus for longer-term investments in the equity division of the balance sheet and how well a business handles short-term allegations (Gordon et al., 2017). The productivity of a company’s balance sheet is calculated by a number of ratio analysts. Among the most popular are asset sales, the accelerated amount, debt disposal, disposal rates, debt to cash, and debt to equity.

The financial statement for a corporation includes descriptions about the business’s income and its expenditures. In general, the overall activity of an organisation is explained in more granular depth. The financial statement usually displays a company’s primary, discretionary, and capital expenditures (Cyril et al., 2016).

Starting from start, the top line records a company’s performance for a given period of time. It displays the costs specifically connected to receiving the money. Primary expenditures are commonly divided into transaction expenses or distribution prices, which are actual consumer expenditures. Sales prices are adjusted to gross profit by deducting sales. Gross profit is also often evaluated to assess the gross profit margin of a business in addition to overall revenue.

Borrowers will want to check both the company’s credit background (if the corporation is not a start-up) and your own credit history, since a small company loan also needs a personal guarantee. Dun & Bradstreet offers you a freely available business information report from your firm. If there is some tarnish on your credit report, you may be preparing to seek the inclusion of borrowers that have decent financial record but have not reported the transactions. If possible, find out what your prospective investor uses credit reporting company and ask the same organisation for a survey (Dhakal, 2019). More borrower information is added for a minimum fee in most credit offices. The main credit monitoring service is Dun and Bradstreet. If a secured loan is to be issued, security must be given. For a borrower, collateral is generally described as property that protects a loan or other obligation. Such that if you refuse to make reason, you refuse the loan or obligation such that if the loan is not secured. In start-up firms, the equity valuation of real estate is a popular source of leverage. The creditor will either take out a new mortgage or a second home mortgage. In certain nations, by maintaining land interests, the landlord may maintain a protection interest in real estate before the debt is completely charged.

In order to further minimise their harm, lenders typically lower the valuation of the collateral to not 100 percent of the maximum market value for the collateral.

Inventory: A seller will raise the demand for ready-to-use retail inventory to up to 60 % to 80%. An inventory of a producer comprising of product parts and other products may only be 30%. The main element is the inventory’s merchantability – how easily and how much money can be traded.

Loans receivable: Up to 75% of loans fewer than 30 days long are receivable. The creditor would usually “age” accounts receivable until they are given a date. The older the record, the lower the worth. Any lenders will not be informed of the age of the accounts until they run longer than 90 days and will therefore decline to fund them. Some loans extend the incremental valuation of the accounts such that, for example, accounts between the ages of 31 and 60 can only have loan-to-payment levels of 60% and accounts between the ages of 61 and 90 still have a ratio of 30%. The loan-to – value rating can also be influenced by account delinquencies and the general creditworthiness of the account debtors (Andreas, 2017).

Conclusion

There is a disparity in sustainability and positive cash flow operations. Only because a business spends cash does not mean that it generates a profit (and vice versa).

The cash flow statement varies from the rest of the financial statements, because they are used to deal with the other two statements. During the specified period, the cash flow statement documents the monetary transactions of the company (flows and outflows). It indicates if all profits reported on the statement of revenue is retrieved.

However, at the same period, the cash flow does not necessarily reflect all the expenses of the company because not all of the company’s expenses are automatically compensated (Chiladze & Kozmanashvili, 2019). Though losses may have existed by the corporation, all compensation for those obligations will only be reported as cash outflows until the transaction takes place.

References

Andreas, A., 2017. Analysis of operating cash flow to detect real activity manipulation and its effect on market performance. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(1).

Aris, N. M., ANUAR, R., Trofimov, I., & Sokat, N., 2019. The Effect of Cash Flows on Firm’s Profitability of Construction Sector in Malaysia. UNIMAS Review of Accounting and Finance, 3(1), 31–39.

Chiladze, I., & Kozmanashvili, L., 2019. Actual issues of enterprise cash flow reporting.

Cyril, U. M., Lawretta, C. I., & Adakole, E. E., 2016. Effect of Cash Flow Statement on Performance of Selected Food Beverage Companies In Nigeria.

Dhakal, L., 2019. Cash Flow Statement Analysis between Commercial Banks (With Reference to Himalayan Bank Ltd. And Global IME Bank Ltd.). American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 9(11), 2025–2033.

Gordon, E. A., Henry, E., Jorgensen, B. N., & Linthicum, C. L., 2017. Flexibility in cash-flow classification under IFRS: Determinants and consequences. Review of Accounting Studies, 22(2), 839–872.

Jeppson, N. H., Ruddy, J. A., & Salerno, D. F. (2016). The statement of cash flows and the direct method of presentation. Management Accounting Quarterly, 17(3), 1–9.

NGUYEN, D. D., & NGUYEN, A. H. (2020). The impact of cash flow statement on lending decision of commercial banks: Evidence from Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, 7(6), 85–93.

Paolone, F., 2020. The Cash Flow Statement Under IAS/IFRS. In Accounting, Cash Flow and Value Relevance (pp. 5–21). Springer.

Schmutte, J., & Duncan, J. R., 2019. The Statement of Cash Flows Turns 30: Common Reporting Deficiencies and Recent Changes. The CPA Journal, 89(8), 6–10.

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