Q.1 (A)
Guideline Provided by ARC for provisions to deal with different emergencies.
Information provided on safe work Australia web site for better arrangement in the organization.
The information available on various sites for first aid to the point information (Park, et al., 2020).
(B)
Infectious
Wound, Airtight
Gloves
(C) Option (B) CPR training should be conducted every 1 year whereas First Aid Training is every 3 years
(D) (a) True (b) True (c) True (d) False (e) True (f) True
(E) Seek attention from Professional
(F) Identify hazards that may result in causing injury.
Assess the type, severity, and likelihood of these injuries to determine how great the risk is
Provide relevant first aid equipment, facilities, and training.
Review first aid requirements regularly or if circumstances change.
(G) Consent should be obtained where possible; however, medical treatment may be given without consent if a patient is not able to give consent (due to being unconscious) (Park, et al., 2020).
(H) During a first aid event, bystanders should be removed as much as is practicable.
Personal information (for example, name and contact details) should only be passed on to people in
authority (for example, police, and ambulance).
Incident reports should be kept in a secure place, accessible only to authorized people
Details of all incidents must be discussed at staff meetings.
(l) True, False, True, True, True
(J) Australian Resuscitation counci
Q.2
(a) True, true, true, true, false, false, False
(b) Headache, low energy level, sickness, sweating, mood swings.
Q.3
(a) Preserve patient life, Protect the organization, Prevent the condition of harm, Promote Patient Recovery, seek Blessings.
(b) Early access, Early Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Early defibrillation, and early advanced cardiac life support.
(c) Life-threatening first aid response is conducted first using DRS ABCD
(I) Danger, you, others
(ii) Response
(iii) Help
(iv) Airway
(v) Breathing, Start Oxygen Machine
(vi)CPR, one
(vii) Defibrillator
Q.4 (a) All of the above
(b) true, false, true, true, true
Q.5 (A)
(a) Raising and falling of chest should be check
(b) try to Listen to breathing sounds from the mouth and nose.
(c) Feel the breath for up to 10 second
(B) In the Recovery Position.
Q.6
First locate the endpoint of the breastbone by using a finger where ribs meet and use both the hand for chest Press. Use as much pressure you can for the chest push up and try doing it for a better result and try to follow all rules for CPR chest Compression (Ondruschka, et al., 2018).
(b) Cover the mouth and nose tightly of the child. Keep the chin lifted and head tilted. Give breath in a gap of few seconds. And give chest rise and try to perform all the required treatment in keeping mind the rules of CPR (Ondruschka, et al., 2018).
(c) 100 per minute
(d) when the patient starts breathing on their own and indication of obvious signs of life start reflecting the first aider then CPR must stop. When any trained person arrives and the person is ready to take over the task.
(e) Simply turn the head clean the vomit by using fingers as well.
Q.7 (a) An AED is a portable device that can diagnose cardiac rhythm.
(b) Yes, training is essential before operating an AED (Czarnecki, et al., 2018).
(c) True, false, true, false, true
Q.8 Sanitize the handwear the gloves are necessary for the person who performs the first aid
Wear a mask so that if you cough and sneeze must not infect the patient.
Use bandages and proper dressing material for the patient.
Clean the wound properly so no bacteria left and apply first aid to prevent infection.
Q.9 Secondary survey is required when the patient remains stable and to check any life-threatening injuries which are significant but not immediate.
The history of the patient must be checked in a secondary survey.
When the patient is stabilized and includes the head-to-toe examination of the patient body.
Check sign of every symptom and performance of the patient by checking its moving activities
Q.10 (a) All of the above
(b) If the person is unconscious check for the airways. confirm that they do not block the sound of breathing must be check sign of breathing must be noticed and check the heartbeat and pulse rate regularly so the risk of loss of life must be minimized (Czarnecki, et al., 2018).
(c) False, true, true, false, true
Q.11 (a) Severe headache – Do not allow the casualty to lie down – sit with both knees drawn up for pain relief – assess the injury.
Dark and smelly stools, dark brown urine – Loosen tight clothing.
Euphoria – Attempt to replace visible intestines – control bleeding and bind wound tightly.
(b) Numbness to area/prickling pain to the affected area. – Get the person out of the cold/move into
sheltered area.
Skin is the white or mottled blue color. – Do not move the person. Cover with a blanket to reheat the body.
The skin is a dark blue to black. – Heat the affected area immediately raising body temperature as quickly as possible. Use as much heat as the patient can withstand.
(d) Slow pulse – Supervise until recovered.
Rapid pulse – Supervise until recovered.
Weak, light-headed, and/ or giddy/mental Confusion – Give the patient a ‘diet’ drink containing artificial sweeter.
(e) Numb finger – Do not attempt to correct the dislocation/ check for circulation.
Pain in the joint – Immobilise in a most comfortable position.
Disfigured joint – Attempt to pop the joint back into place.
(f) Not breathing – Roll onto back during initial checking and clearing of the airway – check for breathing
Vomiting – Push on the stomach to assist with regurgitation of swallowed water
Lungs will always be full of water/vomit – Remove the patient from water if possible. Do not attempt to rescue a drowning victim from water beyond your swimming ability.
(g) Faintness/dizziness/weakness – Remove excess clothing and loosen clothing and lie the casualty down.
Vomiting/diarrhoea – Give casualty sips of water.
Exposure to high temperature. Apply cool face washer or spray with an atomizer spray and cool by fanning.
(h) Very weak pulse – Call 000
Strong pounding pulse – Remove all clothing immediately and rig up shade – do not move the casualty.
Hot sweaty skin- Moisten the skin with a cool moist cloth or spray bottle
(l) Watering eye- Remove any object penetrating from the eye with tweezers
Swollen, red eyes – If the object is visible remove it with the corner of a damp cloth
Headaches – If unable to remove – or can’t find it, provide an eyewash with sterile saline or clean water
(j) If available, place eardrops in the affected ear and plug with cotton wool.
Lightly cover with a sterile dressing or clean pad.
Do not plug the ear (Chavis, et al., 2020).
(k) Clean the wound with sterile gauze and apply antiseptic.
Scrub any embedded dirt to remove from the wound.
sterile dressing.
(l) Do not wash wound so studies can be done for infectious diseases.
(m) Exposure to extreme cold- Keep casualty moving to warm their body
(n) Thirst – Keep casualty very cool
(o) Dizziness, loss of balance/visual disturbances – Loosen tight clothing and assist casualty to rest in
half-sitting position
(p) Possible loss of bladder and bowel control – Lay the casualty down and turn the victim on the side as soon as possible when the seizure is over.
(q) Pale skin/sweating- Encourage the casualty to stop what they are doing and rest in a comfortable position.
(r) Uncontrolled bleeding – Handle casualty carefully to ensure harm minimization.
(s) Cold dry skin which is pale – Seek urgent medical advice if convulsion lasts longer than 10 minutes
(c) False, false, true, false, false
Q.12
Ryuthela nishihirai, Insect No
Snake, Reptile, Yes
Peacock Spider, Insect, No
Jelly Fish, Aquatic Animal, Yes
Frog, Amphibian No
Q.13 (a) Most likely to occur in a child.
(b) Yes, No
(c) All of the above
(d) All of the above
(e) Stop bleeding
DRSABCD
Stop movement
Immobilize injury at the joints above and below the fracture.
Check circulation and nerve function
Immobilize injury above and below the fracture site
Make the patient comfortable.
(f) Every 5 min
Q.14
(a) 37 degrees C
(b) 80-100 beats per minute
(c) 60-80 beats per minute
Q.15 a)
| Triggers | Signs of anaphylaxis |
| Food
Medicines Insect sting General aesthetic |
Coughing,
dizziness, red skin, Swollen tough |
(b) Call the ambulance
Administer adrenalin (auto-injector).
Prevent further exposure to the triggering agent.
Administer further adrenalin if no response within five minutes.
Make the patient comfortable.
(c) All of the above
(d) Dry, irritating cough/chest tightness.
Shortness of breath/wheezing.
Pale and sweaty skin.
High fever
(e) Four puffs of medication with four breaths in between each puff — administered every four minutes until improved.
(f) History of the patient is required for the treatment if any. Hence the only prescription of the doctor and trigger will be noticed.
(g) all of the above.
Q.16 (a)Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation
(b) This technique must be used as soon as possible after the injury occurred to prevent the person from severe sprain, pain & Swelling.
(c) 20 minutes every 2 hours for up to 24 hours(Chavis, et al., 2020).
Q.17 (a)
Arterial – Bright red blood spurts from the wound
Venous – Dark red blood flows from the wound
Capillary – Blood oozes from the wound
(b) Sit with head forward, apply direct pressure for 10 – 30 minutes, apply a cold pack to the back of the neck
Q.18 (a)
Deep burns
Superficial burns involving 9% of the body for an adult and 5% for a child.
Superficial burn to the genitalia of a 30-year-old woman.
Burns to the airway, hands, feet, and armpits.
Inhalation burns.
Superficial burn to the right leg between the top of the calf and groin on an adult.
(b) Various percentage
(c) 9%
(d) 18%
(e) 20 Minutes
(f) False, true, true, true, false
Q.19 IMIST – Identification, mechanism of injury, information of injury, signs and symptoms, treatment given to the patient (Kayama, et al., 2019).
AMPLE- Allergies, Medications, Past Medical History, Last Eaten, Events Leading.
References
Park, J. S., Kruger, E., & Tennant, M. (2020). Dispensing patterns of emergency medicines prescribed by Australian dentists from 1992 to 2018–a pharmacoepidemiology study. International dental journal, 70(4), 254-258.
Ondruschka, B., Baier, C., Bayer, R., Hammer, N., Dreßler, J., & Bernhard, M. (2018). Chest compression-associated injuries in cardiac arrest patients treated with manual chest compressions versus automated chest compression devices (LUCAS II)–a forensic autopsy-based comparison. Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, 14(4), 515-525.
Czarnecki, M., & Sarnowska, M. (2018). Awareness of Lower Silesian residents of first aid procedures and the use of Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) device. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 8(8), 481-495.
Chavis, S., & Ganesh, N. (2020). Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette. Infection Control in the Dental Office, 91-103.
Kayama, M., Haight, W., Lee, H. Y., & Ku, M. L. (2019). Disability, Stigma, and Children’s Developing Selves: Insights from Educators in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the US. Oxford University Press, Incorporated.
HLTAID003
Q.1 (A)
Guideline Provided by ARC for provisions to deal with different emergencies.
Information provided on safe work Australia web site for better arrangement in the organization.
The information available on various sites for first aid to the point information (Park, et al., 2020).
(B)
Infectious
Wound, Airtight
Gloves
(C) Option (B) CPR training should be conducted every 1 year whereas First Aid Training is every 3 years
(D) (a) True (b) True (c) True (d) False (e) True (f) True
(E) Seek attention from Professional
(F) Identify hazards that may result in causing injury.
Assess the type, severity, and likelihood of these injuries to determine how great the risk is
Provide relevant first aid equipment, facilities, and training.
Review first aid requirements regularly or if circumstances change.
(G) Consent should be obtained where possible; however, medical treatment may be given without consent if a patient is not able to give consent (due to being unconscious) (Park, et al., 2020).
(H) During a first aid event, bystanders should be removed as much as is practicable.
Personal information (for example, name and contact details) should only be passed on to people in
authority (for example, police, and ambulance).
Incident reports should be kept in a secure place, accessible only to authorized people
Details of all incidents must be discussed at staff meetings.
(l) True, False, True, True, True
(J) Australian Resuscitation council
Q.2
(a) True, true, true, true, false, false, False
(b) Headache, low energy level, sickness, sweating, mood swings.
Q.3
(a) Preserve patient life, Protect the organization, Prevent the condition of harm, Promote Patient Recovery, seek Blessings.
(b) Early access, Early Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Early defibrillation, and early advanced cardiac life support.
(c) Life-threatening first aid response is conducted first using DRS ABCD
(I) Danger, you, others
(ii) Response
(iii) Help
(iv) Airway
(v) Breathing, Start Oxygen Machine
(vi)CPR, one
(vii) Defibrillator
Q.4 (a) All of the above
(b) true, false, true, true, true
Q.5 (A)
(a) Raising and falling of chest should be check
(b) try to Listen to breathing sounds from the mouth and nose.
(c) Feel the breath for up to 10 second
(B) In the Recovery Position.
Q.6
First locate the endpoint of the breastbone by using a finger where ribs meet and use both the hand for chest Press. Use as much pressure you can for the chest push up and try doing it for a better result and try to follow all rules for CPR chest Compression (Ondruschka, et al., 2018).
(b) Cover the mouth and nose tightly of the child. Keep the chin lifted and head tilted. Give breath in a gap of few seconds. And give chest rise and try to perform all the required treatment in keeping mind the rules of CPR (Ondruschka, et al., 2018).
(c) 100 per minute
(d) when the patient starts breathing on their own and indication of obvious signs of life start reflecting the first aider then CPR must stop. When any trained person arrives and the person is ready to take over the task.
(e) Simply turn the head clean the vomit by using fingers as well.
Q.7 (a) An AED is a portable device that can diagnose cardiac rhythm.
(b) Yes, training is essential before operating an AED (Czarnecki, et al., 2018).
(c) True, false, true, false, true
Q.8 Sanitize the handwear the gloves are necessary for the person who performs the first aid
Wear a mask so that if you cough and sneeze must not infect the patient.
Use bandages and proper dressing material for the patient.
Clean the wound properly so no bacteria left and apply first aid to prevent infection.
Q.9 Secondary survey is required when the patient remains stable and to check any life-threatening injuries which are significant but not immediate.
The history of the patient must be checked in a secondary survey.
When the patient is stabilized and includes the head-to-toe examination of the patient body.
Check sign of every symptom and performance of the patient by checking its moving activities.
Q.10 (a) All of the above
(b) If the person is unconscious check for the airways. confirm that they do not block the sound of breathing must be check sign of breathing must be noticed and check the heartbeat and pulse rate regularly so the risk of loss of life must be minimized (Czarnecki, et al., 2018).
(c) False, true, true, false, true
Q.11 (a) Severe headache – Do not allow the casualty to lie down – sit with both knees drawn up for pain relief – assess the injury.
Dark and smelly stools, dark brown urine – Loosen tight clothing.
Euphoria – Attempt to replace visible intestines – control bleeding and bind wound tightly.
(b) Numbness to area/prickling pain to the affected area. – Get the person out of the cold/move into
sheltered area.
Skin is the white or mottled blue color. – Do not move the person. Cover with a blanket to reheat the body.
The skin is a dark blue to black. – Heat the affected area immediately raising body temperature as quickly as possible. Use as much heat as the patient can withstand.
(d) Slow pulse – Supervise until recovered.
Rapid pulse – Supervise until recovered.
Weak, light-headed, and/ or giddy/mental Confusion – Give the patient a ‘diet’ drink containing artificial sweeter.
(e) Numb finger – Do not attempt to correct the dislocation/ check for circulation.
Pain in the joint – Immobilise in a most comfortable position.
Disfigured joint – Attempt to pop the joint back into place.
(f) Not breathing – Roll onto back during initial checking and clearing of the airway – check for breathing
Vomiting – Push on the stomach to assist with regurgitation of swallowed water
Lungs will always be full of water/vomit – Remove the patient from water if possible. Do not attempt to rescue a drowning victim from water beyond your swimming ability.
(g) Faintness/dizziness/weakness – Remove excess clothing and loosen clothing and lie the casualty down.
Vomiting/diarrhoea – Give casualty sips of water.
Exposure to high temperature. Apply cool face washer or spray with an atomizer spray and cool by fanning.
(h) Very weak pulse – Call 000
Strong pounding pulse – Remove all clothing immediately and rig up shade – do not move the casualty.
Hot sweaty skin- Moisten the skin with a cool moist cloth or spray bottle
(l) Watering eye- Remove any object penetrating from the eye with tweezers
Swollen, red eyes – If the object is visible remove it with the corner of a damp cloth
Headaches – If unable to remove – or can’t find it, provide an eyewash with sterile saline or clean water
(j) If available, place eardrops in the affected ear and plug with cotton wool.
Lightly cover with a sterile dressing or clean pad.
Do not plug the ear (Chavis, et al., 2020).
(k) Clean the wound with sterile gauze and apply antiseptic.
Scrub any embedded dirt to remove from the wound.
sterile dressing.
(l) Do not wash wound so studies can be done for infectious diseases.
(m) Exposure to extreme cold- Keep casualty moving to warm their body
(n) Thirst – Keep casualty very cool
(o) Dizziness, loss of balance/visual disturbances – Loosen tight clothing and assist casualty to rest in
half-sitting position
(p) Possible loss of bladder and bowel control – Lay the casualty down and turn the victim on the side as soon as possible when the seizure is over.
(q) Pale skin/sweating- Encourage the casualty to stop what they are doing and rest in a comfortable position.
(r) Uncontrolled bleeding – Handle casualty carefully to ensure harm minimization.
(s) Cold dry skin which is pale – Seek urgent medical advice if convulsion lasts longer than 10 minutes
(c) False, false, true, false, false
Q.12
Ryuthela nishihirai, Insect No
Snake, Reptile, Yes
Peacock Spider, Insect, No
Jelly Fish, Aquatic Animal, Yes
Frog, Amphibian No
Q.13 (a) Most likely to occur in a child.
(b) Yes, No
(c) All of the above
(d) All of the above
(e) Stop bleeding
DRSABCD
Stop movement
Immobilize injury at the joints above and below the fracture.
Check circulation and nerve function
Immobilize injury above and below the fracture site
Make the patient comfortable.
(f) Every 5 min
Q.14
(a) 37 degrees C
(b) 80-100 beats per minute
(c) 60-80 beats per minute
Q.15 a)
| Triggers | Signs of anaphylaxis |
| Food
Medicines Insect sting General aesthetic |
Coughing,
dizziness, red skin, Swollen tough |
(b) Call the ambulance
Administer adrenalin (auto-injector).
Prevent further exposure to the triggering agent.
Administer further adrenalin if no response within five minutes.
Make the patient comfortable.
(c) All of the above
(d) Dry, irritating cough/chest tightness.
Shortness of breath/wheezing.
Pale and sweaty skin.
High fever
(e) Four puffs of medication with four breaths in between each puff — administered every four minutes until improved.
(f) History of the patient is required for the treatment if any. Hence the only prescription of the doctor and trigger will be noticed.
(g) all of the above.
Q.16 (a)Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation
(b) This technique must be used as soon as possible after the injury occurred to prevent the person from severe sprain, pain & Swelling.
(c) 20 minutes every 2 hours for up to 24 hours(Chavis, et al., 2020).
Q.17 (a)
Arterial – Bright red blood spurts from the wound
Venous – Dark red blood flows from the wound
Capillary – Blood oozes from the wound
(b) Sit with head forward, apply direct pressure for 10 – 30 minutes, apply a cold pack to the back of the neck
Q.18 (a)
Deep burns
Superficial burns involving 9% of the body for an adult and 5% for a child.
Superficial burn to the genitalia of a 30-year-old woman.
Burns to the airway, hands, feet, and armpits.
Inhalation burns.
Superficial burn to the right leg between the top of the calf and groin on an adult.
(b) Various percentage
(c) 9%
(d) 18%
(e) 20 Minutes
(f) False, true, true, true, false
Q.19 IMIST – Identification, mechanism of injury, information of injury, signs and symptoms, treatment given to the patient (Kayama, et al., 2019).
AMPLE- Allergies, Medications, Past Medical History, Last Eaten, Events Leading.
References
Park, J. S., Kruger, E., & Tennant, M. (2020). Dispensing patterns of emergency medicines prescribed by Australian dentists from 1992 to 2018–a pharmacoepidemiology study. International dental journal, 70(4), 254-258.
Ondruschka, B., Baier, C., Bayer, R., Hammer, N., Dreßler, J., & Bernhard, M. (2018). Chest compression-associated injuries in cardiac arrest patients treated with manual chest compressions versus automated chest compression devices (LUCAS II)–a forensic autopsy-based comparison. Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, 14(4), 515-525.
Czarnecki, M., & Sarnowska, M. (2018). Awareness of Lower Silesian residents of first aid procedures and the use of Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) device. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 8(8), 481-495.
Chavis, S., & Ganesh, N. (2020). Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette. Infection Control in the Dental Office, 91-103.
Kayama, M., Haight, W., Lee, H. Y., & Ku, M. L. (2019). Disability, Stigma, and Children’s Developing Selves: Insights from Educators in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the US. Oxford University Press, Incorporated.